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外来入侵植物防治的首要任务是准确识别入侵植物种类, 然而外来入侵植物种类繁多, 存在类间同质和类内异质现象, 给技术人员甄别与防治外来入侵植物带来了挑战。为了准确、实时和高效地识别外来入侵植物, 本文提出基于改进MobileNet的轻量级外来入侵植物图像识别模型(MobileNet-LW)。以专业人员鉴定得到的113种 11 628幅外来入侵植物图像作为研究对象, 并按照6∶2∶2的比例划分训练集、验证集和测试集。通过Retinex、旋转和高斯噪声等方法对图像进行数据增强。为了减少类间同质现象对模型误检的影响, 在模型MobileNet基础上添加了SE通道注意力机制和深度连接注意力网络, 提高网络对关键特征的提取能力。为了降低模型计算消耗和内存消耗, 采用通道剪枝方法对网络瘦身;为了弥补剪枝后造成模型准确率降低, 采用教师网络-助教网络-学生网络的形式对剪枝后的网络进行知识蒸馏, 学生网络通过软知识的学习来提高识别外来入侵植物的准确率。通过消融试验测试模型的性能, 利用平均准确率、平均召回率和平均F1值3个评价指标, 对现阶段经典模型与改进后模型MobileNet-LW所获得的识别结果进行评价。消融试验结果显示, 在相同数据集条件下, 所有改进点对模型的性能都有所提升, 且改进后算法在外来入侵植物图像识别中准确率提高了5.4百分点, 模型参数量减少了约53%;模型对比试验表明, EfficentNet、DBTNet、ResNet-101、ConvNext和MobileNet-LW 5个模型平均准确率分别为72.3%、74.9%、76.1%、79.7%和86.1%, 表明改进后的网络提高了外来入侵植物的识别准确率。基于改进MobileNet的轻量级外来入侵植物识别模型对113种外来入侵植物识别具有较高的准确率, 且模型具有轻量化特点。 相似文献
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葡萄在生长过程中会感染各种病害,葡萄病害的高效识别是防治葡萄病害的关键。本文提出了一个基于YOLO V3的葡萄病害智能识别系统,由微信小程序、云服务器和葡萄病害识别模型构成。其中的葡萄病害识别模型以植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室提供的2 566张原始葡萄病害图片为基础,构建了32 871张葡萄病害图片数据集,采用改进的YOLO V3训练得到。本系统能对手机保存的或现场拍摄的自然条件下的12类葡萄病害图像进行识别,准确率达98.60%。识别结果、病害特征、发病原因、病害地理分布和防治建议可立刻反馈至用户。本系统不但识别率高,而且涵盖了目前大多数常见葡萄病害种类,可作为辅助果农、消费者和相关科研人员甄别葡萄病害的智能工具。 相似文献
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棉花病虫草害调查诊断与决策支持系统开发与实现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鉴于棉花病虫草害总体重发、发生规律复杂化的形势,以及基层植保技术人员不足、田间诊断识别问题突出的现状,本研究设计开发了基于Android系统(客户端)和Windows系统(服务器端)的棉花病虫草害调查诊断与决策支持系统。本系统构建了内容丰富的知识库,包括棉花病害(21种)、害虫(37种)和杂草(58种)3个主要子库,以及棉花主要害虫(6种)卵巢发育级别、棉花次要害虫(20种)图示、棉花害虫(52种)标本照和棉田天敌昆虫(13种)图示等4个子库。在此基础上,实现了面向所有APP用户的知识库浏览查询、智能诊断、专家会诊、信息上报等应用功能,以及针对管理员的通知下发、用户设置等后台管理功能。该系统可为棉花植保基础知识的普及提供重要依据和有效途径。 相似文献
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河南新乡外来植物分布动态调查及其危害性评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确河南新乡外来入侵植物的动态变化及其危害性,近年来跟踪调查了新乡外来入侵植物的种类和分布情况,筛选出近5年来（2006-2010年）在新乡新发现的外来植物,并结合相关研究结果,评估其在新乡的入侵风险。结果表明,2005年,河南新乡有58种外来入侵植物,2006-2010年间,调查发现4种新入侵的外来植物,其中菊科植物3种,茄科植物1种。这4种外来入侵植物中,苏门白酒草的入侵风险最高,黄顶菊正处于扩张期,胜红蓟未发现野外定殖群落,假酸浆危害潜力较小。 相似文献
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采用线路调查法对铜仁学院校园外来入侵植物的种类和分布进行调查，用层次分析法(AHP)建立风险评价指标体系对其危害现状进行评价。结果表明，铜仁学院校园的外来入侵植物有11种，隶属5科8属。其中菊科最多，有6种，占总数的54.55%;从入侵植物的原产地来看，来源于北美洲和欧洲的最多，均占总数的27.27%;从危害程度来看，铜仁学院校园内无高风险危害入侵植物，但喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)评分最高，危害最大。铜仁学院外来植物入侵现状与校园生态环境密切相关，建议加强对校园内植物的管理，重点防控喜旱莲子草，并对校园外来入侵植物进行定期调查，确保校园生态安全。 相似文献
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通过对公园、道路、小区(园区)等30个调查样区园林绿地的调查，发现石家庄市园林绿地中共有20科44属56种外来入侵植物。在生活型上，草本植物占绝对优势，为92.9%;原产地为美洲的最多，占66.1%;在引入途径上，人工引种和无意引入的植物几乎各占一半；外来入侵植物分布的种类和数量与绿地面积大小、样区建成时间的长短、绿地组成结构以及绿化管护水平相关，其中绿地面积大、建成时间长、绿地以草本植物为主、绿化管护水平较低的样区分布较多；在56种外来入侵植物中有3种具有毒性，从入侵性上看，外来入侵植物共分为恶性入侵类、严重入侵类、局部入侵类、一般入侵类以及有待观察类5个等级。 相似文献
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The International Plant Sentinel Network: a tool for Regional and National Plant Protection Organizations 
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下载免费PDF全文 Botanic gardens and arboreta are valuable but currently under‐utilized resources in plant health research. Within their vast collections of living plants, gardens play host to expatriate plant species from across the world. These plants offer unique opportunities to study damaging pest and pathogen threats before their introduction into a region where they would be considered invasive aliens. Through these studies, scientists can determine vital information related to these organisms, which can in turn be used to strengthen understanding, contribute to pest risk analysis activities and put in place appropriate quarantine measures or other management programmes. The International Plant Sentinel Network (IPSN) has been working for the last 3 years to provide the support and resources needed for gardens to contribute to such research. The next phase of the IPSN will be to coordinate this research; it will identify, facilitate and provide the already developed tools to contributing gardens. In this way, the IPSN will provide meaningful and valuable information to plant health experts which could help mitigate, or stop altogether, the damaging impacts of new and emerging invasive alien organisms. 相似文献
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J. van Valkenburg S. Brunel G. Brundu P. Ehret S. Follak A. Uludag 《EPPO Bulletin》2014,44(2):195-204
Pathway analysis represents an effective means of identifying emerging invasive alien species. For plants, a significant number of invasions have been caused by plant species originally voluntary introduced as ornamentals. The pathway analysis for terrestrial ornamental plants imported from East Asia has been undertaken to provide information on the imports and to identify emerging terrestrial invasive alien plants. Data for terrestrial ornamental plants imported from East Asia into Austria, France, Italy, the Netherlands and Turkey was assembled at the genus level. Thousands of species of plants for planting are imported from East Asia in very large volumes. However, despite the fact that the data could only been analyzed at the genus level, it is considered that only a very limited number of taxa would become invasive. The potentially invasive alien species are already widely available in European nurseries and are principally produced within the European Union. 相似文献
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S. Brunel E. Branquart G. Fried J. Van Valkenburg G. Brundu U. Starfinger S. Buholzer A. Uludag M. Joseffson R. Baker 《EPPO Bulletin》2010,40(3):407-422
Although invasive alien plants are gaining increased attention within EPPO countries, there is no existing widely agreed method to identify those alien plants that are considered invasive and represent the highest priority for pest risk analysis. In the framework of the ad hoc Panel on Invasive Alien Species, EPPO proposes a prioritization process for invasive alien plants designed (i) to produce a list of invasive alien plants that are established or could potentially establish in the EPPO region and (ii) to determine which of these have the highest priority for an EPPO pest risk analysis. The process consists of compiling available information on alien plants according to pre‐determined criteria, and can be run at the EPPO region level, or at a country or local area level. These criteria examine whether the species is alien in the area under study, and whether it is established or not. The criteria used primarily rely on observations in the EPPO region but, if the species is not established, the invasive behaviour of the species in other countries should be investigated, as well as the suitability of the ecoclimatic conditions in the area under consideration. The spread potential, the potential negative impacts on native species, habitats and ecosystems, as well as on agriculture, horticulture or forestry are considered. If the species qualifies as an invasive alien plant of major concern through this first set of questions, the process then investigates the efficiency of international measures (to be justified through a pest risk analysis) to prevent the entry and spread of the species. The second set of questions are designed to determine whether the species is internationally traded or enters new countries through international pathways for which the risk of introduction is superior to natural spread, and whether the species still has a significant suitable area for further spread. If used by several EPPO countries, this prioritization process represents an opportunity to provide consistent country lists of invasive alien plant species, as well as a tool for dialogue and exchange of information. 相似文献
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This study presents a list of invasive alien plants that are found along roadsides in seven selected European countries – Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland, Norway, Slovenia and Sweden – and an overview on the role of roadsides as a habitat for invasive alien plants. This compilation is based on national lists of invasive alien plants, a literature search and expert consultation. Comprising 89 species from 31 plant families, species introduced for horticulture dominate the list (65%). Thirteen species (14%) are widespread (occur in four or more countries) and include well‐known invasive plants such as Fallopia japonica, Heracleum mantegazzianum, Solidago canadensis and Solidago gigantea. Seventeen species are listed either on the EPPO List of Invasive Alien Plants or on the EPPO A2 List of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests. Five species are on the List of Invasive Alien Species of Union Concern (EU Regulation 1143/2014). The compiled list provides a snap‐shot of invasive alien plants currently found along roadsides in the selected countries. It allows for a more targeted approach to monitoring, containment and control of the most problematic invasive alien plants identified in each country. Moreover, the list may also be used to identify emerging (potentially) invasive alien plants along roadsides in other European countries that warrant monitoring and/or management. 相似文献
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农业外来生物入侵种研究现状与发展趋势 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
目前国际上对外来生物入侵种的研究主要在个体水平上研究外来种对新环境的进化与适应,本地种对生物入侵后发生的进化调整;种群和群落水平上研究外来种的定居、潜伏、竞争和暴发;生态系统水平上研究生境的可入侵性和外来种对生态系统结构和功能的影响等几个方面。风险分析标准化与定量化、检疫鉴定快速化、除害技术安全化、信息管理全球化是全世界对外来物种入侵管理与科研的焦点问题。本文依据外来物种入侵的形成和扩散暴发过程,提出了超前预防和综合管理等未来需要解决的关键问题。 相似文献
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The International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) provides the background for National Plant Protection Organisations (NPPOs) to regulate and control invasive alien species that are harmful to plants. This subject was specifically discussed for the first time 10 years ago at IPPC level, and further explored by an IPPC open‐ended working group. The resulting concept was considered at EU level, and the EU Council supported the suitability of the plant health framework for these species, requesting the EU Commission to further analyse the needs for regulatory work in the EU plant health regime. Subsequently the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) started a new working programme. The international conference ‘Invasive alien species and the IPPC’ set a signal for IPPC contracting parties to encourage their NPPOs to enforce actions on invasive alien species. IPPC standards on pest risk analysis (PRA) were adapted so as to include invasive alien species harmful to plants, and a memorandum of cooperation was adopted between the Secretariats of the IPPC and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). At present, the EU Commission, DG Environment is developing a European strategy on invasive alien species. The EU Plant Health Regulatory System is currently subjected to a major evaluation process in which a clearer inclusion of invasive alien species into the system is one of the strategic discussions. 相似文献
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为明确外来入侵植物对本地湿地植物多样性的影响，在北京市湿地选择23个样地共245个样方进行物种多样性调查，并从不同植物性状数据库获取样方中所有植物的株高、叶长、叶宽、叶面积和比叶面积等10个功能性状数据，对比分析入侵群落与本地群落的物种多样性、系统发育多样性和功能多样性特征。结果显示，在北京市湿地共记录到26种外来入侵草本植物，隶属10科19属，其中，菊科外来入侵植物种类最多，有10种。除比叶面积、叶片碳含量和株高的系统发育信号显著外，其余7种植物功能性状的系统发育信号均不显著，表明大多数功能性状未表现出系统发育保守性。入侵群落所有物种的物种多样性指标Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、物种丰富度指数和Simpson优势度指数以及系统发育多样性指标谱系多样性和平均最近谱系发育距离均显著高于本地群落和入侵群落本地物种，而入侵群落本地物种的功能分散指数和Rao''Q二次熵指数均显著高于本地群落，表明外来物种入侵改变了湿地植物的生物多样性，且外来物种入侵后群落谱系多样性趋于发散，说明与本地植物亲缘关系越远的入侵物种越容易在湿地群落中建立种群，符合达尔文归化假说。 相似文献
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The establishment of invasive species is widely recognised as a pivotal issue in the preservation of biodiversity. Salvia reflexa, a species native to the south‐central United States and Mexico, has been widely introduced in Argentina, Australia, New Zealand and Japan. In China, the first population of this plant was found growing adjacent to a grain depot in Shahai village, Jianping County, Liaoning Province, on 25 July 2007. Since the grain depot imported foodstuffs from regions where the plant is native, we infer that S. reflexa was introduced into China via imported foodstuff in the early to mid‐2000s. Based on field observations, at least seven populations of this plant were observed in north‐east China. The plants displayed vigorous growth in midsummer and produced prolific seeds to overcome the cold environment in winter. Salvia reflexa occurred in both dense monocultures and in mixed stands with native plants. In order to validate a system for recognising and categorising non‐native plants in China, the Australian Weed Risk Assessment system was used to assess the invasiveness status of 19 exotic and 16 native plants in north‐east China. Salvia reflexa exhibited a high score of 10, suggesting it is a potentially pernicious alien invasive plant. Although the current distribution of S. reflexa is restricted to Liaoning province and thus far has limited impact on local environments, local regulatory authorities should pay close attention to this plant and take measures to stop its expansion. This is the first time that an invasive plant from the Lamiaceae (mint family) has been documented from cold environments in China. 相似文献
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为了全面摸清长沙地区典型生境中外来入侵植物的种类构成、区系组成,为保护长沙地区本地生态系统,防止外来植物的入侵危害提供决策依据,以长沙市9种土地利用类型、22种生境类型为调查对象,采取标准样地法、样方法、样线法进行外来入侵植物实地调查,通过文献资料对调查物种进行了补充。调查结果表明,长沙地区有外来入侵植物116种,隶属38科83属,其中菊科(29种)、豆科(12种)及苋科(11种)为优势科,占物种总数的44.83%;种类最多的属为苋属(5种)和大戟属(5种)。原产地分析结果表明,81种外来入侵植物来自美洲地区,占物种总数的69.83%。从入侵等级来看,处于恶性入侵种(1级)、严重入侵种(2级)、局部入侵种(3级)的物种数分别为21、24、14种。植物区系分析结果显示,长沙地区外来入侵植物科的主要分布类型为世界广布、泛热带分布;属的主要分布类型依次为泛热带分布、世界分布、东亚(热带、亚热带)及热带南美间断分布、北温带分布。 相似文献