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中国硬叶常绿高山栎类植物的分类与现代地理分布 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
硬叶常绿高山栎类植物是指壳斗科栎亚属中的高山栎组(Quercus subgenus Quercus sect.Brachylepides)的8种植物及1个存疑种,巴东栎组(Quercus subgenus Quercus sect.Engleriana)的7种植物.本文依据已有的文献和多年的野外考察,综述了中国硬叶常绿高山栎类植物的分类及种类.同时,阐述了硬叶常绿高山栎类植物的现代地理分布规律,为进一步系统研究和解释这类植物对环境的适应力提供基础资料. 相似文献
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栎属植物数量分类初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据栋属植物形态特征,木材解剖特征和脂肪酸特征,对栋属植物进行聚类分析,其结果表明:栎属(Quercus L.)植物和青冈属(Cyclobalanopsis)是一个自然种群,应归为1属,建议栎属分为3个亚属,即青冈亚属(Subg.Cyclobalonopsis)高山栎亚属(Subg.suber)和落叶栎亚属(Subg.Quercus).这3个类群无论是在主要特征,还是在次要特征上,都表现出明显的区别,而高山栎亚属和青冈亚属的亲缘关系较近,落叶栎的分化程度较高,进化程度较高。 相似文献
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川滇高山栎研究综述 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
川滇高山栎(Quercus aquifol,ioides)自被定名以来,国内外学者对其开展了很多研究.本文通过收集和参阅相关文献,从分类、生物学、生态学和遗传学等几个方面综述了自开展研究以来所取得的成果.由于不同的分类学家所采用的依据不同,导致栎属乃至壳斗科的分类系统目前在学术界还有很多争议,分布在我国的高山栎组植物同分布在地中海冬雨区的冬青栎的相似性和亲缘关系也是目前分类学界讨论的热点.目前对川滇高山栎生长特点与生物量研究较多,遗传和分子生物学研究还刚刚开始,种群群落生态学研究较为零碎,并且多停留于定性描述.重点针对分子生物学和生态学领域对其开展进一步的系统的定量化研究是下一步工作的重点. 相似文献
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川滇高山栎林是中国植被非常特殊的亚高山硬叶栎林类型,广泛分布在横断山地区。为了阐明川滇高山栎群落植物科组成对海拔梯度的响应,用群落学调查方法研究了组成群落的植物科沿海拔梯度(15个海拔梯度,海拔2 200 m~3 600 m)的变化特征。研究结果表明:巴郎山川滇高山栎群落植物科的分布区类型,有世界分布31科、热带分布21科和温带分布21科,分别为占42.47%、28.77%和28.77%。川滇高山栎群落的植物科数具有低海拔比高海拔多的特点,在海拔3 100 m以上,分布的植物科数没有变化。在各个海拔梯度以世界分布科占主要地位,其次为热带分布科和温带分布科。热带分布科随海拔的升高具有递减的趋势,温带分布科随海拔的升高出现2个峰值。在海拔2 200 m~2 800 m范围,热带分布科和温带分布科相当,海拔2 900 m以上,温带分布科明显增多。 相似文献
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川滇高山栎种群统计特征的海拔梯度变化 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
川滇高山栎广泛分布于横断山地区,属于亚高山硬叶栎林,是中国植被非常特殊的类型.种群统计是种群生态学研究的核心,主要研究种群在时间和空间上的数量变化规律.本文采用标准地法和样方收获法,对卧龙林区五个海拔梯度的川滇高山栎种群的大小结构、高度结构和生物量结构等方面探讨川滇高山栎种群的海拔梯度变异性规律.结果表明(1)川滇高山栎种群径级分布表现为两类,一类为海拔3000 m以下地带的双峰型,径级峰值出现在2 cm～4 cm,约占70.33%;另一类为海拔3000 m以上地带的单峰型,径级峰值出现在1 cm～3 cm,约占76.35%.(2)川滇高山栎种群高度级分布表现为两类,一类为海拔3000 m以下地带,高度级峰值出现在2 m～3 m左右,约占65.38%;另一类为海拔3000 m以上地带,随高度级增大,高度级百分率呈递减趋势.(3)川滇高山栎种群总生物量随海拔升高呈递减趋势,其平均总生物量为26 408.7 kg·hm-2,各器官平均生物量大小排序为干＞枝＞叶＞皮,其生物量占种群总生物量的百分率分别为29.85%、18.54%、18.54%和6.91%.海拔2 720 m～2 920 m地带川滇高山栎种群地上部分器官生物量,干枝叶1皮的比例约为4321;海拔3 020 m～3 120 m地带川滇高山栎种群地上部分器官生物量,干枝叶皮的比例约为4221. 相似文献
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栎掌舟蛾发生规律观察与防治技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
栎掌舟蛾Phalera assimilis Bremer et Grey主要危害栎类树种,危害较多的是栓皮栎Quercus variabilis forest、麻栎Quercus dentata Thunb．,主要以幼虫食叶危害。据多年的调查与研究,凡有栎树分布的地方均有发生。发生较多的是在背风向阳和人为活动频繁的地方。混交林中,栎类树种占林分4成以下的发生较少,2m以上的栎类树上发生的较少。纯林和2m以下的栎类林中发生的较多。它是栎类的主要病虫害之一。经对栎掌舟蛾生活史的观察,其结果如下： 相似文献
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Regeneration by seeds for cork oak (Quercus suber) and companion oaks (holm oak Quercus ilex and downy oak Quercus pubescens) is likely to be poor in the fire-prone Maures massif (southern France) but the causes are poorly known. Our objective was to assess the effective recruitment for these three oak species and their temporal pattern of recruitment, in order to determine the main limitation factors and the regeneration window of each species. We studied oak recruits (height <3 m) in naturally regenerated populations according to a gradient of fire recurrence and in five main vegetation types including shrublands and mixed mature woodlands. Fire recurrence was the main explanatory factor of oak recruitment, either directly or through vegetation type and microsite characteristics. The results indicate nil to low recruitment for holm oak and downy oak in shrublands, especially those recurrently burned and dominated by Cistus species. Cork oak recruited better than the other oaks in medium and high shrublands dominated by Erica arborea. In contrast, recruitment was high for holm and downy oak in mixed oak stands and mixed pine-oak stands that have not burned for decades. Microsite conditions such as coverage by litter and shrubs influenced oak recruitment, whereas landscape configuration and stand basal area had no influence. Our results suggest that strategic shrub-clearing, oak planting and protection of mixed oak woodlands as seed sources would help maintaining oak populations in the woodland–shrubland mosaic. 相似文献
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Jacob Royse Mary A. Arthur Angela Schörgendorfer David L. Loftis 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010
Recurrent problems with regeneration of oaks (Quercus spp.) have been documented across a wide range of ecosystems. In oak-dominated forests of the central and Appalachian hardwood regions of the United States, a lack of competitive oak regeneration has been tied, in part, to fire suppression in these landscapes, and managers throughout the region are using prescribed fire to address this concern. To examine fire effects on oak regeneration, researchers have generally relied on inventories or population studies of existing seedlings. These studies are valuable but do not permit examination of the role of fire in enhancing the establishment and growth of new oak seedlings stemming from oak mast events. In this study, white (Quercus alba) and chestnut oak (Quercus prinus) acorn mast crops serendipitously occurred in year three (fall 2005) of a landscape-scale prescribed fire experiment. We examined establishment, survival, height and diameter of new seedlings on sites on the Cumberland Plateau in eastern Kentucky. Treatments were fire exclusion, a single prescribed fire (1x-burn; 2003), and repeated prescribed fire (3x-burn; 2003, 2004, and after acorn drop in 2006), all conducted in late spring. Initial densities of newly established chestnut and white oak seedlings were statistically similar across treatments (P = 0.42), despite fires on the 3x-burn site having occurred after acorns were on the ground. Oak seedling density was significantly predicted by oak basal area on all sites (R2 = 0.12–0.46), except for chestnut oak on fire-excluded sites (R2 = 0.04). Litter depth was less on 3x-burn sites compared to 1x-burn and fire-excluded sites, whereas canopy openness was greater on both burn treatments compared to fire-excluded sites. Seedling mortality was generally higher on fire-excluded sites compared to burn sites, especially for white oak. Oak seedling mortality in the first two growing seasons was significantly predicted by initial litter depth and open sky, with greater litter depth and lower percent open sky leading to higher mortality. In the third growing season none of the measured variables predicted chestnut oak seedling survival; for white oak, percent open sky remained a significant predictor of mortality. Initially, seedlings on the fire-excluded sites had similar height but smaller diameter; after three growing seasons there were few differences in seedling height or diameter among treatments. Our findings suggest a potential role for prescribed fire in establishing forest floor and light conditions that may enhance the success of new oak germinants, although different responses among species may suggest the need to target management for individual oak species. 相似文献
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Dylan N. Dillaway Jeffrey W. Stringer Lynne K. Rieske 《Forest Ecology and Management》2007,250(3):227-233
Oaks (Quercus spp.) are experiencing recurring regeneration failures associated with pervasive mid- and under-story strata of shade tolerant species in intact, undisturbed forests. Where oak regeneration occurs, inadequate vertical height and depleted root carbohydrate stores impede the ability of regenerating oaks to respond when light does become available. A variety of silvicultural techniques have been developed to increase the penetration of diffuse light, enhancing the light environment on the forest floor, and thereby increasing the likelihood of regenerating oaks to successfully respond to increased light transmittance. We measured shoot and root characteristics, and root soluble non-structural carbohydrate concentrations of white oak (Q. alba L.) advance regeneration exposed to enhanced light intensities associated with a mid-story removal and a clearcut, and compared white oak regeneration vigor to untreated controls.
Root diameter and soluble non-structural carbohydrates increased with increasing light availability. Our data suggest that white oak responds to increases in light transmittance by building below-ground biomass and carbohydrates in the root system prior to an above-ground response. Our study shows that white oak regeneration vigor increases with only modest increases in light. In the absence of other pressures, enhancing the light environment to the forest floor should contribute to successful regeneration of this species. 相似文献
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采集适合湘南地区栽培的北方红栎、猩红栎、娜塔栎、沼生栗栎和柳栎等北美橡树品种的枝条作为接穗,以麻栎实生苗为砧木,开展北美橡树嫁接育苗试验。试验结果为:就嫁接成活率而言,北方红栎的最高,为99.34%;其次是猩红栎的,为98.14%;沼生栗栎和柳栎的分别为94.15%和92.86%;娜塔栎的最低,为76.09%;各品种嫁接成活率排序为北方红栎>猩红栎>沼生栗栎>柳栎>娜塔栎。就保存率而言,北方红栎的最高,为89.40%;其次是柳栎的,为71.79%;沼生栗栎和猩红栎的分别为39.13%和32.28%;娜塔栎的最低,为29.29%;各品种嫁接苗保存率排序为北方红栎>柳栎>沼生栗栎>猩红栎>娜塔栎。不同北美橡树品种间苗高、地径均存在显著差异。就苗高而言,猩红栎及娜塔栎的较高,猩红栎的为149.08cm,娜塔栎的为140.88cm,两者间无显著性差异;北方红栎、沼生栗栎、柳栎的较低,北方红栎的为106.44cm,沼生栗栎的为95.20cm,柳栎的为110.00cm,且三者苗高生长均显著劣于猩红栎及娜塔莉。就地径而言,北方红栎的最大,为16.36mm,且显著优于其他品种;猩红栎与娜塔栎间无显著差异,其地径分别为13.28mm和11.87mm;沼生栗栎与柳栎间无显著差异,其地径分别为9.17mm和8.77mm,且两者均显著劣于其他品种。 相似文献
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Li Junqing College of Forest Resources Environment Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing P.R China Frangois Romane CNRS-CEFE Louis Emberger Route de
Mende BP Montpellier France 《中国林学(英文版)》1994,(2)
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):223-234
Absence of, or poor, oak (Quercus spp.) regeneration is a problem in uneven-aged, mixed closed-canopy broadleaved forests. Browsing by ungulates on small trees may contribute to poor oak regeneration in such forests. This possibility was investigated in 25 Swedish stands, and browsing damage was analysed in relation to landscape and stand factors. The proportion of browsed small (<20 cm tall) oak seedlings and other seedlings was low, and apparently a minor mortality factor. For saplings (20–130 cm tall), accumulated browsing damage was generally higher on oak than on five major competing tree species: Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana, Tilia cordata, Acer platanoides and Sorbus aucuparia. Leaf removal was rare in late summer, except for rowan. The amount of cover (shelter) for ungulates near plots was positively correlated with oak browsing intensity; within plots, a high density of ash saplings may reduce browsing on oak saplings. In these forests, browsing probably retards growth of oak saplings relative to competing trees. Oak may persist as a minor stand component, but monitoring is needed to study future changes. 相似文献
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António M. Jordão Jorge M. Ricardo-da-Silva Olga Laureano An Adams Jan Demyttenaere Roland Verhé Norbert De Kimpe 《Journal of Wood Science》2006,52(6):514-521
The purpose of this study was to investigate the sorption of selected volatile substances from oak wood-chip samples (Quercus pyrenaica Willd. and Quercus petraea L.) subjected to different toasting levels, namely, without toasting, with medium toasting, and with strong toasting, through
the use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The main volatile compounds identified as a function of the toasting level
and botanical species were furfural, hexanal, α-pinene, d-limonene, decanal, vitispirane, ethyl hexanoate, cis-3-methyl-γ-octalactone (“oak lactone” or “whisky lactone”), α-terpineol, p-xylene, and nonanal. Considering the data obtained from the toasted woods (medium and strong intensity) in comparison with
those of nontoasted woods, it can be pointed out that the average peak area and the number of compounds identified in the
gas chromatogram decreased during the toasting process. In general, regarding the compounds analyzed, quantitative differences
were found between the two oak wood species under study. High values of volatile compounds were found in Quercus pyrenaica oak wood chips. In addition, for the number of compounds identified in oak wood extracts and directly extracted from solid
oak wood chips by SPME, it is concluded that the best extraction process for volatile compounds from oak wood is the use of
oak wood-chip liquid extracts. 相似文献
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Zouheyr Benbrahim Abdellatif Zerizer Louis Denaud Remy Marchal 《Wood material science & engineering》2020,15(4):241-249
ABSTRACT Veneer checking is a common enough occurrence in woodworking. It appears as cracks in the veneer and generally following the grain. Their appearance and the variation of their depth and frequencies have tremendous impact on their utilization. Finding a means of identifying and characterizing the veneer checks is an important ongoing challenge. An automated device, named SMOF, was developed in LABOMAP (Arts et Metiers – France) and achieves this task. By using the SMOF device, the lathe checks occurred in veneers of two species: zeen oak (Quercus canariensis Willd.) and afares oak (Quercus afares Pomel) were detected, automatically imaged and then, the depth and intervals of checks measured. The results were described by statistical distributions that exhibited abnormalities, such as skewness and kurtosis, which were assessed by mode analysis. It has been established that hot soaking temperature (from 60°C to 90°C) reduce slightly the cutting forces for both species, no produce significant heart checks within the loose side of veneers. However, low soaking temperature (from 50°C to 65°C) allow avoiding deeper lathe checking, producing shallower ones acceptable for veneer production. 相似文献