共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
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玉米高频率孤雌生殖单倍体诱导系的选育与鉴定 总被引：44，自引：1，他引：43
本试验从单倍体诱导系Stock6与高油玉米群体BHO的杂交后代中经过不断的测交和选择, 育成了我国第一个孤雌生殖单倍体诱导系农大高诱1号。 在16个测交组合中高诱一号对411自交系的单倍体诱导率最高(9.2%); 而对H4自交系的单倍体诱导率最低(1.92%); 其平均单倍体诱导率为5.34%。 以黄绿苗自交系Syn695yg为测验种, 高诱1号的 相似文献
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以6个不同来源糯玉米基础材料(人工合成群体、地方品种、单交种)为母本,引进的3个单倍体诱导系为父本进行杂交诱导,对糯玉米单倍体诱导率及化学加倍效率进行研究。结果表明,单倍体诱导率受母本基础材料和父本诱导系影响均较大,而散粉株率、结实株率则主要受母本基础材料的影响。从基础材料的来源看,单倍体诱导率从高到低依次是人工合成群体、地方品种、单交种,散粉株率和结实株率从高到低依次是地方品种、人工合成群体、单交种。从诱导系的单倍体诱导率来看,YD 2的诱导率为5.3%,显著高于YD 1和YD 3,在糯玉米单倍体诱导育种中可加大对YD 2的利用。 相似文献
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高油玉米杂交种品质及其花粉直感效应的稳定性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨环境对高油玉米品质的影响,以100个高油玉米杂交种和200个高油花粉直感的当代组合为材料,对品质性状的稳定性进行了分析。结果表明,高油玉米杂交种组合在不同年份和不同地点间的含油量差异平均为1.00%,最小为0.17%,最大相差可达1.91%,不同组合间油分变化有一定差异,即不同品种在油分性状表现的稳定性上存在差异。年份和地点效应对蛋白质含量影响的程度接近,不同年份和地点间的最大差异在1.00%左右;年份间的淀粉差异在0.4%左右,地点间的差异在1.7%左右,而单个组合在不同年份和不同地点间籽粒淀粉含量的最大差异则达到5.81%。普通玉米籽粒高油花粉直感后,在地点和年份间油分变化最大的组合其油分变化达到1.88%,最小的组合为0.37%,总体平均为1.00%;单个组合的蛋白质含量在不同年份和不同地点间的最大差异达到3.37%,最小为0.61%,总体平均为1.78%;单个组合的淀粉含量在不同年份和地点间最大相差6.21%,变化最小的组合相差0.71%,所有组合平均为2.95%。 相似文献
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以5份糯玉米杂交种为母本,以RH 20为父本进行杂交诱导获得的糯玉米单倍体籽粒为供试材料,比较不同化学加倍方法、处理浓度和处理时间对糯玉米单倍体的加倍效率.结果表明,滴心叶法的加倍效率最高,均值达11.14％;秋水仙素浓度为0.7 mg/mL时,加倍率最高,均值达11.00％;处理时间以10 h最好,加倍率均值达7.70％. 相似文献
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ALEXHO高油玉米杂交当代单株产量与籽粒油分含量的遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用黄淮海地区分属于不同杂种优势群的21个普通玉米自交系为母本,以引进中国农业大学选育的8个ALEXHO高油玉米自交系为父本,采用NCⅡ遗传设计,测定并分析了高油玉米杂交当代单株产量和籽粒油分含量的配合力。结果表明:GY246A的单株产量和籽粒油分含量的GCA均为极显著最大正值,具有较高的直接组配价值,其次为GY246B和GY220。8085泰、246、P138、8622和87-1单株产量和籽粒油分含量的GCA均为极显著正值或显著正值,应进一步利用这些自交系与ALEXHO高油玉米自交系较强的杂种优势。246×GY246B、Q1261×GY246A和478×GY956在单株产量和油分含量的SCA均较高,其中246×GY246B单株产量居首位,较对照增产25.96%,油分含量为6.6%,具有较高的生产利用价值。 相似文献
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双单倍体(doubled haploid,DH)育种技术具有加速育种进程的突出优势,已成为玉米育种关键性核心技术并在国外广泛应用.本试验选用47份玉米地方种质,进行单倍体诱导和单倍体加倍特性研究.结果表明,47份玉米地方种质材料之间杂交诱导的拟单倍体率有显著差异,介于1.64％～14.50％之间,平均为5.95％.种植12份玉米地方种质的拟单倍体籽粒进行田间鉴定,标记鉴定准确率介于40.2％～82.3％之间,校正单倍体诱导率介于2.33％～6.45％之间,表明玉米遗传背景影响到籽粒标记的表达,单倍体诱导率有明显差异.将15份玉米地方种质拟单倍体于冬季在海南田间种植,加倍授粉株率介于2.7％～27.2％之间,加倍结实株率介于0.7％～8.9％.说明我国玉米地方种质的遗传多样性丰富,单倍体诱导率和加倍率具有明显差异,利用DH育种技术可以拓宽和加强我国玉米地方种质在玉米育种中的利用. 相似文献
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Andrew Smelser Michael Blanco Thomas Lübberstedt Axel Schechert Adam Vanous Candice Gardner 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(3):283-285
The doubled haploid breeding method can produce maize inbred lines faster than traditional methods, but there are challenges associated with it. Sorting haploid from hybrid seed based on visual colour markers is time consuming and can be difficult due to colour inhibitors that obscure pigmentation needed to distinguish between haploid, hybrid and outcrossed seed. In this study, weight was evaluated as a method to sort haploid from hybrid seed. A first experiment utilized two families for analysis in a preliminary study. Eleven haploid and hybrid kernels from both families were weighed for a total of 44 experimental units. A second experiment was carried out using six families, using the same format as the previous, for 132 experimental units. Hybrid seed weighed significantly more than haploid seed in both experiments. However, the interaction between line and kernel type was significant in the second experiment. In conclusion, efficacy of sorting haploid from hybrid kernels based on weight depends on the genotypes involved. 相似文献
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Jeffery L. Gustin Ursula K. Frei John Baier Paul Armstrong Thomas Lübberstedt A. Mark Settles 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(6):1103-1112
Doubled haploids (DHs) are an important breeding tool for creating maize inbred lines. One bottleneck in the DH process is the manual separation of haploids from among the much larger pool of hybrid siblings in a haploid induction cross. Here, we demonstrate the ability of single-kernel near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (skNIR) to identify haploid kernels. The skNIR is a high-throughput device that acquires an NIR spectrum to predict individual kernel traits. We collected skNIR data from haploid and hybrid kernels in 15 haploid induction crosses and found significant differences in multiple traits such as percent oil, seed weight, or volume, within each cross. The two kernel classes were separated by their NIR profile using Partial Least Squares Linear Discriminant Analysis (PLS-LDA). A general classification model, in which all induction crosses were used in the discrimination model, and a specific model, in which only kernels within a specific induction cross, were compared. Specific models outperformed the general model and were able to enrich a haploid selection pool to above 50% haploids. Applications for the instrument are discussed. 相似文献
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Genetic analysis on oil content in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
High oil content is one of the most important characteristics of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) breeding. In order to understand the genetic basis of seed oil content, a series of reciprocal crosses between rapeseed parents with high oil content (53110, 61616 and 6F313), medium-oil content (Zhongshuang 9) and low oil content (51070 and 93275) were conducted. It was found that the oil content of F1 hybrid seeds in rapeseed was mainly controlled by the maternal genotype. The maternal effect value of oil content was estimated to be 0.86. The pollen parent had a xenia effect on oil content, estimated to be 0.14 which changed the mean value by 1.86 percent. The inheritance of oil content was studied in a set of 8 × 8 diallel crosses of different varieties. The results indicated that the inheritance of oil content could be explained by an additive-dominant-epistasis model. Although the dominant and additive effects played major roles and accounted for more than 70% of the total variance, there was also a small epistatic effect. The broad and narrow sense heritability of oil content was 83.88 and 36.94%, respectively. Based on the oil content differences between the reciprocal crosses in the same offspring generation (F1 and F2) in rapeseed, it could be concluded that there were significant cytoplasmic effects on oil content. In this study, two lines with significantly cytoplasmic effects, either positive or negative, were selected. 相似文献
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显性低酚棉新品系种仁营养品质与利用评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以自主选育的7个显性无腺体新品系为材料,通过种子性状考察,种仁游离棉酚、脂肪酸和氨基酸含量测定,研究了低酚棉种仁具有重要的油用、食用价值和保健功能。结果表明：4个新品系种仁棉酚含量低于国家食用标准,其中苏显无154、苏显无156棉酚占种仁质量低于3 mg·kg-1,成为名副其实的无酚棉新种质。低酚新品系种仁粗脂肪含量高于有酚品种,不饱和脂肪酸总含量超过70%,油酸相对含量略低于有酚品种,亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈油酸相对含量以及不饱和脂肪酸总含量与有酚品种相同。低酚新品系种仁色氨酸含量高于常规有酚品种,其它必需氨基酸含量以及氨基酸总含量与有酚品种相近。低酚基因Gl2e对棉花种仁脂肪酸、氨基酸组成及其含量未产生负效应。 相似文献
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通过分析玉米新品种‘豫单112’的特征特性,以期为该品种的大面积推广提供理论依据。利用二环系法结合单倍体技术选育的优良玉米自交系‘L217’和‘L119A’组配成优良玉米杂交种‘豫单112’,基于两年17个点的区域试验,对其产量、品质以及抗病特性进行分析。结果表明,该品种产量比对照种‘郑单958’平均提高9%以上,在穗长、行粒数、轴粗、穗粒重和出籽率等穗部性状方面优于对照;籽粒容重达782 g/L、粗蛋白12.4%、粗脂肪4.04%、粗淀粉70.84%和赖氨酸0.33%,属优质品种;抗多种主要病害,并在小斑病、弯胞菌叶斑病、矮花叶病等抗性方面明显优于对照;其遗传基础不同于目前生产上大面积利用的杂交种‘郑单958’和‘先玉335’。该品种是新型的强优势玉米杂交种,具有广阔的推广应用前景。 相似文献
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高产优质商品玉米生产模式：—三种遗传效应集成利用（TEU） 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过大量详实资料，对玉米杂种优势、雄性不育，油分基因花粉直感等3种遗传效应的研究现状作了详细概述，根据相关的遗传理论与实践，提出了将三种遗传效应进行技术集成的可能性，从而形成一种高产高油玉米生产模式，有可能是未来玉米生产的发展方向。 相似文献
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Gustavo Vitti Môro Mateus Figueiredo Santos Dyeme Antônio Vieira Bento Aurélio Mendes Aguiar Cláudio Lopes de SouzaJr. 《Euphytica》2012,185(3):419-428
Oil content and grain yield in maize are negatively correlated, and so far the development of high-oil high-yielding hybrids
has not been accomplished. Then a fully understand of the inheritance of the kernel oil content is necessary to implement
a breeding program to improve both traits simultaneously. Conventional and molecular marker analyses of the design III were
carried out from a reference population developed from two tropical inbred lines divergent for kernel oil content. The results
showed that additive variance was quite larger than the dominance variance, and the heritability coefficient was very high.
Sixteen QTL were mapped, they were not evenly distributed along the chromosomes, and accounted for 30.91% of the genetic variance.
The average level of dominance computed from both conventional and QTL analysis was partial dominance. The overall results
indicated that the additive effects were more important than the dominance effects, the latter were not unidirectional and
then heterosis could not be exploited in crosses. Most of the favorable alleles of the QTL were in the high-oil parental inbred,
which could be transferred to other inbreds via marker-assisted backcross selection. Our results coupled with reported information
indicated that the development of high-oil hybrids with acceptable yields could be accomplished by using marker-assisted selection
involving oil content, grain yield and its components. Finally, to exploit the xenia effect to increase even more the oil
content, these hybrids should be used in the Top Cross™ procedure. 相似文献
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Brett W. Boote Daniel J. Freppon Gerald N. De La Fuente Thomas Lübberstedt Basil J. Nikolau Emily A. Smith 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(4):439-445
A new fluorescence‐based method for inbred haploid differentiation in maize kernels was developed by utilizing the R1‐nj colour marker in combination with fluorescence microspectroscopy and imaging. Seven inbred lines with varying R1‐nj expression were used in this study. The fluorescence response of the diploid kernels at the embryonic dye spot was shown to simultaneously exhibit lower intensity and occur at a higher wavelength than the fluorescence of the dye‐lacking haploid embryos. Intensity and area thresholds were applied to fluorescence images to sort the haploids from mixed sample populations, and sorting efficiencies of greater than 80% were achieved in all seven inbred lines (with values greater than 90% for five lines). The potential for high‐throughput sorting when fluorescence imaging is combined with existing technologies for seed handling as well as high sorting efficiency may make fluorescence a viable and promising alternative to current sorting methods for some inbred lines. 相似文献
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The implementation of modern inducer lines in maize breeding can substantially decrease the time required to create elite
inbred lines. In industrialized countries, this method has already largely replaced conventional backcross methods. However,
the application of in vivo gynogenesis for inducing doubled haploids is still limited to European and US maize germplasms
and has still to be adapted for exotic plant material. The reliability of three modern European inducer lines from the University
of Hohenheim (Germany) was investigated for the production of haploid progenies from subtropical specialty maize. Three Chinese
hybrids heterozygous for waxy maize and opaque 2 were used as maternal donor material, as maize double recessive for waxy
and opaque 2 may improve the nutrition of ethnic minorities in Southeast Asia. However, many false positives were detected
by flow cytometry among putative haploid seeds based on anthocyanin pigmentation because the color expression was inhibited
in almost 50% of the induced seeds from this maternal plant material. Based on flow cytometry, the haploid induction rates
were high with 10.2–12.3%, and the chromosome doubling rates were around 50%; therefore the principal potential of producing
DH was confirmed for subtropical maize. However inducer lines for the precise and fast recognition of truly induced haploid
seeds still need to be developed. 相似文献