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1.
渗水地膜对玉米水分利用效率的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了研究不同覆盖材料对土壤水热和作物水分利用效率的影响,对覆盖渗水地膜、普通地膜和秸秆相对于裸地不覆盖的效果进行了研究。研究发现覆盖渗水地膜在作物生育期具有明显的增温和保水作用,耕层土壤平均温度较裸地和覆盖秸秆提高1.09℃和2.59℃,但较覆盖普通地膜降低1.55℃。覆盖渗水地膜耗水量较覆盖普通地膜低26.7mm,并在后期干旱季节使土壤水分分布均匀。覆盖渗水地膜作物水分利用效率较不覆盖、覆盖秸秆和覆盖普通地膜分别提高8.17kg/(hm~2·mm),4.50kg/(hm~2·mm),3.71kg/(hm~2·mm)。 相似文献
2.
渭北旱塬区不同沟垄覆盖模式对春玉米土壤温度、水分及产量的影响 总被引：11，自引：7，他引：11
为提高旱作区降水利用率,改善作物的水分有效性,于2007-2010年在陕西合阳县旱农试验站,设置了垄上覆地膜,沟内分别覆普通地膜、生物降解膜、玉米秸秆、液体地膜和沟不覆盖5个不同沟垄覆盖栽培模式。以传统平作为对照,研究了不同沟垄覆盖栽培模式对春玉米田土壤温度、水分及产量的影响,并对其经济效益进行了比较分析。4a结果表明,沟覆普通地膜和沟覆生物降解膜处理玉米苗期5～25cm平均土壤温度分别较对照增高2.4和2.1℃;沟覆玉米秸秆处理较对照降低1.7℃。不同集雨处理均能显著改善玉米前期土壤水分,而后期沟覆玉米秸秆、沟覆液体地膜和和沟不覆盖处理0～200cm土层土壤贮水量与对照无差异,沟覆普通地膜和沟覆生物降解膜处理下层土壤贮水量低于其他处理。沟覆生物降解膜、沟覆普通地膜和沟覆玉米秸秆处理增产效果显著,4a平均产量分别较对照增产35.2%、34.7%和33.6%,平均水分利用效率提高30.6%、30.2%和28.6%。沟覆玉米秸秆处理净收入最高,生物降解膜次之,4a平均净收入分别较对照增加3299和2752元/hm2。因此,垄覆普通地膜沟覆秸秆和垄覆普通地膜沟覆生物降解膜处理在改善土壤水温效应的同时能显著增产增收,是渭北旱塬区春玉米的高效栽培模式。 相似文献
3.
新疆棉田地膜覆盖耕层土壤温度效应研究 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17
棉田地膜覆盖试验结果表明,窄膜或宽膜覆盖分别较露地增产46.8％和51.3％,提高出苗率和促进棉花生长发育。窄膜或宽膜覆盖分别使生育前期(4月下旬～6月底)棉田土壤积温增加105℃、和195℃,土壤温度提高0.7～3.2℃,但这种热效应随生育后期的到来而减弱。地膜覆盖提高5～20 cm土层土壤温度,其增温效应随土层深度的增加而降低。地膜覆盖对生育前期日温差影响不明显,生育中后期(7月份始)棉田早晚土壤温差降低0.8～4.2℃,宽膜覆盖比窄膜覆盖增温效应更佳。 相似文献
4.
为了探讨旱地有效蓄水保墒对冬小麦的综合效应，从1998～2000年在渭北旱原合阳县西北农林科技大学试验基地进行实验研究。3年的试验结果表明，冬小麦在生长期采用渗水地膜、秸秆、常规地膜及不同覆盖技术，均有显著增产效果，能显著增加土壤贮水量(除常规地膜覆盖外)，使土壤上层长期保持湿润状态，提高土壤温度，降低昼夜温差，避免降雨直接冲击地面，保持良好的土壤结构。与常规地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖比较，渗水地膜覆盖冬小麦增产分别为43.1%和40.4%。秸秆覆盖能增加土壤有机质，提高土壤肥力。渗水地膜和常规地膜具有相同的增温效果，当气温达35℃以上时，渗水地膜还具有降低极端温度的调节功能。但是，覆盖易造成有机质大量矿化物和NO-3-N的淋失。 相似文献
5.
滴灌条件下秸秆覆盖与施肥对夏玉米水肥利用效率的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为探索秸秆覆盖与滴灌施肥结合栽培模式下夏玉米水肥利用效率和增产效果,于2014—2015年在北京市大兴区进行无施肥覆盖(T1)、无施肥不覆盖(T2)、中肥覆盖(T3)、中肥不覆盖(T4)、高肥覆盖(T5)和高肥不覆盖(T6)6种试验。结果表明:表层土壤温度和气温具有高度线性相关关系,秸秆覆盖可降低夏玉米生长季土壤温度的增温速率,T1、T3和T5较T2、T4和T6处理的土壤增温速率分别降低23.62%,13.65%和11.47%,全生育期秸秆覆盖较不覆盖日均土壤温度平均降低1.75℃;滴灌条件下秸秆覆盖影响0—60cm土层的水分分布变化,对0—20cm土层土壤含水率保水效果明显,2014年秸秆覆盖较不覆盖土壤含水率平均提高11.73%,2015年平均提高9.56%;秸秆覆盖下E/ET较不覆盖平均减少6.99%,生育期内抽雄—灌浆阶段夏玉米耗水强度最高;2年试验T3获得籽粒产量最高,较T2提高27.62%,较T6提高15.83%,同时水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力表现最优,分别为23.73kg/(hm2·mm)和40.33kg/kg。本研究表明滴灌条件下中肥覆盖对表层土壤具有降低增温速率的效应,起到增产的同时对提高水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力的作用较优。 相似文献
6.
《水土保持学报》2014,(4)
为提高我国北方地区的旱作农田降水利用率,改善作物的水分有效性,于2008-2013年在山西省寿阳县国家旱作农业科技攻关试验区,连续定点定位设置渗水地膜与行间秸秆覆盖(SJ)、渗水地膜覆盖(S)、普通地膜与行间秸秆覆盖(PJ)、普通地膜覆盖(P)、秸秆覆盖(J)5个不同覆盖栽培模式,以传统平作为对照(CK),研究不同覆盖栽培模式对春玉米田土壤水分、产量及玉米经济效益的影响。6年研究结果表明:各覆盖处理均对土壤水分具有保持作用,0-200cm土层6年平均土壤贮水量较对照增加3.5%~8.8%。渗水地膜与行间秸秆覆盖(SJ)、渗水地膜覆盖(S)、普通地膜与行间秸秆覆盖(PJ)、普通地膜覆盖(P)和秸秆覆盖(J)处理增产效果显著,6年平均产量分别较对照增产27.8%,26.7%,19.2%,17.0%和6.9%,平均水分利用效率提高30.16%,29.63%,21.16%,15.87%和5.29%。渗水地膜覆盖(S)处理净收入最高,渗水地膜与行间秸秆覆盖(SJ)次之,6年平均净收入分别较对照增加1 924.2,1 703.6元/hm2。因此,渗水地膜覆盖(S)和渗水地膜与行间秸秆覆盖(SJ)处理在改善土壤水分效应的同时能显著增产增收,是北方半湿润偏旱区春玉米的高效栽培模式。 相似文献
7.
PBAT生物降解膜覆盖对绿洲滴灌棉花土壤水热及产量的影响 总被引：8，自引：7，他引：8
为应对农田残膜污染,探明基于聚己二酸丁二醇酯-对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)材料的完全生物降解地膜代替普通塑料地膜与滴灌结合在棉花滴灌上应用效果,于2015-2016年在新疆石河子大学节水灌溉试验站,分别设置4种不同厚度和降解诱导期生物降解地膜和普通塑料地膜共5种不同处理,研究不同覆盖对滴灌棉花土壤温度、水分及产量的影响,并对可降解膜降解性能和经济效益对比分析.2a试验结果表明,覆膜60～80 d开始出现降解,至覆盖180 d后出现均匀细纹并未完全降解,0.012mm可降解地膜覆膜180 d仅仅出现裂纹,降解速度较慢.0.010mm和0.012mm厚完全生物可降解地膜处理棉花苗期土壤0～25 cm平均温度较对照分别低0.94℃和1.34℃(P＜0.05),但随着作物生长两者差异逐渐减小.4种类型可降解膜覆盖在棉花生长前期均能提高土壤土壤水分,但随地膜降解和棉花生长后期则显著降低,与普通塑料地膜相比土壤水分显著降低1％～3％.总体而言,覆盖完全生物可降解地膜处理2a平均产量较CK减少2％～3％,水分利用效率减少4％左右(P＜0.05),净收入少1 858.5元/hm2 (10.2％),4种类型可降解地膜产投比相比,厚度较薄0.010mm处理应用经济效果较好.可见,目前全生物降解地膜若要代替普通地膜,解决残膜污染,仍需进行较大的改善. 相似文献
8.
为探明不同覆盖材料对滴灌水肥一体化条件下玉米产量和土壤水分分布的影响,以普通PE地膜和裸地为对照,分析全生物降解膜、加厚PE地膜、玉米秸秆等3种材料覆盖下对玉米产量和水分的影响。结果表明,玉米秸秆、加厚PE地膜和生物降解膜覆盖后玉米产量为13 114.5～13 708.5 kg/hm2,较普通PE地膜增产1.4%～6.0%;水分利用效率为24.17～25.11 kg/(mm·hm2),较普通PE地膜提高2.3%～3.8%。产值与效益均高于普通PE地膜,均以玉米秸秆处理最高,分别为38 383.8、24 283.8元/hm2;生物降解膜次之,分别为37 674.0、21 624.0元/hm2;加厚PE 地膜排第3,分别为36 720.6、21 570.6元/hm2。收获后覆盖处理土壤水分均呈典型的“双峰”曲线,上层含水量高于下层,对深层土壤水分影响较大。在降水量低、蒸发量高的沿黄灌区,覆膜的主要作用是减蒸保水,用可生物降解的环保型降解地膜、易回收型的加厚PE地膜或固炭培肥型的秸秆替代普通PE膜可行。 相似文献
9.
低温半干旱区不同覆盖物对地温和水分时空分布的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
建立了不同覆盖物下春小麦生长期间土壤的地温、水分时空分布图。研究表明:保水、集水、增温、降水生产率效果排序:双重覆盖(秸秆+地膜)>地膜>秸秆>裸地。干旱年降水生产率分别较裸地提高83%、70.5%、37.7%。降水生产率较丰年分别提高53.39%、1.2%、12.8%,双重覆盖仍多蓄水31mm,半干旱区春小麦生长主要依赖土壤贮蓄水,双重覆盖和地膜覆盖使180 cm土层内水以汽态水凝聚在耕层,达到秋水春用。秸杆覆盖早春不但降低耕层地温,而且截留残留降水和部分有效降水不能入土而蒸发,降低土壤贮水量。应在秋季施碎秸秆后翻耕,接纳雨水,春播前膜侧种植,可起双重覆盖蓄水、保水、增产作用。覆膜对膜外横向30 cm处10 cm土层在全生育期都有增温作用。 相似文献
10.
不同类型地膜覆盖对玉米农田水热状况及产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为提高我国北方旱地作物的水分利用效率,探索可降解类型地膜的应用前景,在山西省农科院东阳试验基地,于2015年和2016年连续定点定位设置普通地膜、渗水地膜、生物降解地膜、光降解地膜4种不同类型地膜覆盖模式,以不铺膜为对照,研究不同类型地膜覆盖模式对农田水热效应和玉米产量的影响。研究结果表明:4种覆膜处理下的土壤温度在生育前期土表处分别较不铺膜处理高3.1~5.9℃;渗水地膜和生物降解地膜处理的水分利用效率显著高于其他处理(P0.05),光降解地膜和普通地膜处理次之,不铺膜对照处理最低,渗水地膜、光降解地膜、生物降解地膜、普通地膜处理的水分利用效率分别较对照高11.0、5.9、12.8、5.4 kg/(mm·hm~2)。产量方面,与对照相比较,渗水地膜、光降解地膜、生物降解地膜、普通地膜处理2015年的增产率分别为20.3%、0.1%、15.4%、8.8%;2016年的增产率分别达到44.8%、36.1%、53.6%、31.6%,表现为生物降解地膜渗水地膜普通地膜光降解地膜。地膜增温保墒作用下,处理之间的增产效果与水分利用效率变化协同,其中生物降解地膜能够显著提高玉米的水分利用效率及产量,在未来可替代普通地膜推荐应用到旱地玉米中,同时达到缓解农田残膜污染的效果。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
18.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
19.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
20.
Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico
and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria
(Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite
amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation.
Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured
as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions. 相似文献