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1.
测量及分析红椎等5种广西珍贵乡土树种4年生幼树光合参数和生长特性指标,结果表明:不同树种光合参数差异显著或极显著,各树种净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度、蒸腾速率范围分别为4.81~12.13 umol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、0.02~0.08 mol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、348.55~498.48 umol·mol~(-1)、0.89~1.96 mmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),净光合速率与气孔导度差异规律相同,胞间CO_2浓度、蒸腾速率差异规律与净光合速率、气孔导度差异规律相近似,表现为红椎各参数值最高,火力楠、红花荷次之,降香黄檀和格木各参数值均较低;除水分利用率外,树高与净光合速率等光合参数均呈极显著正相关,胸径与净光合速率、气孔导度和胞间CO_2浓度呈显著正相关,冠幅与净光合速率和蒸腾速率呈显著正相关;认为各珍贵乡土树种间光合能力差异明显,红椎光合能力强,火力楠、红花荷光合能力次于红椎,格木、降香黄檀光合能力相对最弱。光合能力的强弱直接影响5种珍贵乡土树种生长,光合能力强的树种生长表现好。 相似文献
2.
5种屋顶绿化植物抗旱性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对应用于屋顶绿化的5种园林植物的抗旱性进行研究,分析了不同水分胁迫条件下,5种植物的叶片相对电导率、叶片相对含水量、叶绿素荧光、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度等变化趋势。结果表明：随着水分胁迫强度的增大,5种植物的叶片相对电导率呈上升趋势,叶片相对含水量、叶绿素荧光、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度呈下降趋势,但不同植物的抗旱生理指标变化幅度不尽相同。主成分分析结果表明,综合抗旱能力强弱为小蚌兰>铺地锦>假花生>马缨丹>南美蟛蜞菊;叶片相对含水量是评价水分胁迫最重要的指标,其次为相对电导率。 相似文献
3.
采用盆栽控水方法,研究了翅莢木、滇楸和银荆树3树种当年生实生苗的光合特性与抗旱性的关系.结果表明:随着干旱胁迫强度的增加和时间的延长,3树种的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)均呈下降趋势,而胞间CO2浓度则呈上升的趋势;净光合速率日变化曲线逐渐从典型的单峰型转变成双峰型,出现"光合午休"现象.在轻度胁迫和中度胁迫下,净光合速率的降低是由气孔因素和非气孔因素共同引起的:而重度胁迫下,净光合速率的降低主要是非气孔因素引起的.干旱复水后,3个树种的净光合速率均有明显的恢复.利用隶属函数与反隶属函数法对3个树种的抗旱能力进行综合评价,其抗旱能力为:银荆树＞翅莢木＞滇楸. 相似文献
4.
5.
以该区年龄相同的5种主要植被恢复树种车桑子、滇柏、侧柏、花椒和香樟幼苗为研究对象,通过盆栽控水试验,测算其在不同水分梯度下的叶绿素相对含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度以及水分利用效率等生理生态指标,系统比较各参数的适应性变化及其差异性分析,结果表明:(1)随着干旱胁迫的加剧,5种幼苗叶片叶绿素相对含量呈现不同的变化趋势,车桑子逐渐降低,侧柏和滇柏先降后升,花椒和香樟先升后降;(2)各光合生理生态参数也呈现不同的变化规律:随干旱胁迫的加剧,净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度均逐渐降低,且在中度和重度干旱胁迫时极显著降低,其中在重度干旱胁迫时,侧柏的净光合速率最低比对照下降了100.5%,下降幅度最大;胞间CO2浓度在轻度干旱胁迫时下降,中度和重度干旱胁迫时上升;水分利用效率在轻度和中度干旱胁迫时增加,重度干旱胁迫时下降,其中香樟的水分利用效率在重度干旱胁迫时仍是对照的1.05倍;(3)综合分析各项生理生态参数,5种幼苗均能耐受一定程度的干旱胁迫,但香樟的控水耐旱能力明显高于其它4种树种,更能适应石漠化地区的生态环境。 相似文献
6.
水分和热胁迫处理对4种针叶树苗木气体交换和水分利用效率的影响 总被引：24，自引：2，他引：24
以杉木、马尾松、花旗松和北美乔柏为研究对象 ,研究了水分和热胁迫对生长期间苗木的气体交换、瞬间水分利用效率和稳定碳同位素组成 (δ1 3C值 )等生理生态指标的影响 ,结果如下 :(1 )水分胁迫使杉木、马尾松、花旗松和北美乔柏 4个树种的净光合速率显著下降。但热胁迫只影响杉木和北美乔柏的净光合速率 ,对马尾松的净光合速率影响不大。 (2 )对针叶气孔导度的研究发现 ,水分和热胁迫均对马尾松苗木针叶气孔导度有显著影响 ,但对杉木和北美乔柏苗木针叶的气孔导度只有轻微影响。 (3)水分和热胁迫处理对马尾松苗木的瞬间水分利用效率有显著影响 ,但对杉木和北美乔柏的瞬间水分利用效率无显著影响。 (4 )水分胁迫处理对杉木、马尾松、花旗松和北美乔柏 4个树种的稳定碳同位素组成 (δ1 3C值 )均有显著影响 ,随着水分胁迫程度的加深 ,4个树种苗木针叶的δ1 3C值增大 (负值绝对值变小 ) ,说明其永久水分利用效率更高。 (5 )热胁迫对杉木和北美乔柏苗木针叶的δ1 3C值有显著影响 ,且在热胁迫下 ,两树种苗木针叶的δ1 3C值减小 (负值绝对值增大 ) ,即永久水分利用效率下降。但热胁迫对马尾松和花旗松苗木的δ1 3C值没有显著影响 相似文献
7.
以该区年龄相同的5种主要植被恢复树种车桑子、滇柏、侧柏、花椒和香樟幼苗为研究对象,通过盆栽控水试验,测算其在不同水分梯度下的叶绿素相对含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度以及水分利用效率等生理生态指标,系统比较各参数的适应性变化及其差异性分析,结果表明：（1）随着干旱胁迫的加剧,5种幼苗叶片叶绿素相对含量呈现不同的变化趋势,车桑子逐渐降低,侧柏和滇柏先降后升,花椒和香樟先升后降;（2）各光合生理生态参数也呈现不同的变化规律：随干旱胁迫的加剧,净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度均逐渐降低,且在中度和重度干旱胁迫时极显著降低,其中在重度干旱胁迫时,侧柏的净光合速率最低比对照下降了100.5%,下降幅度最大;胞间CO2浓度在轻度干旱胁迫时下降,中度和重度干旱胁迫时上升;水分利用效率在轻度和中度干旱胁迫时增加,重度干旱胁迫时下降,其中香樟的水分利用效率在重度干旱胁迫时仍是对照的1.05倍;（3）综合分析各项生理生态参数,5种幼苗均能耐受一定程度的干旱胁迫,但香樟的控水耐旱能力明显高于其它4种树种,更能适应石漠化地区的生态环境。 相似文献
8.
高温对20个鸡爪槭品种叶片形态和光合特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用自然高温胁迫,研究了高温对20个鸡爪槭品种叶片形态、净光合速率、气孔导度、细胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率和气孔限制值等参数的影响及各参数间的相关性,并以耐热性指标隶属度进行评价。结果表明,20个鸡爪槭品种的耐热性存在明显的差异,d1118和c1116是耐热性最强的2个品种,经过自然高温处理没有出现热害症状,y1106、y1107和x1119耐热性最差,其余品种介于2者之间;多数品种经热处理后净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率下降显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01),水分利用效率提高显著(P0.05),表现出明显的气孔抑制;品种d1118高温处理与对照相比净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均显著增加,表现出极强的高温适应性;品种j1123高温条件下净光合速率下降,但仍保持较高的气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度,属于典型的非气孔抑制;高温引起的叶片热害症状与光合参数间不存在显著的相关性,但与蒸腾速率的相对变化值有显著(P0.05)的负相关。 相似文献
9.
干旱胁迫下刺槐无性系光合生理适应性研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过盆栽试验,研究了皖1号(W1)、鲁1号(L1)、鲁59号(L59)和鲁78号(L78)4个刺槐无性系在持续土壤干旱胁迫下的光合生理适应性。结果表明:在土壤持续干旱胁迫下所有无性系的净光合速率都迅速降低。而无性系之间有着不同的适应方式,其中,W1和L1对干旱胁迫反应敏感,在胁迫初期气孔导度、蒸腾速率迅速下降,水分利用效率迅速增加,有着很强的水分控制能力;而L59和L78气孔导度在胁迫后期才明显降低,而且蒸腾速率下降幅度较低,但在整个胁迫过程中保持较高的净光合速率,说明有着高的光合能力。 相似文献
10.
以3种藤本植物常春藤、扶芳藤、常春油麻藤1年生扦插苗为试验材料,采用盆栽控水法,测定其在不同水分梯度条件下叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Cond)、保护酶(SOD、CAT)、脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖(SS)、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、叶绿素(Ch1)等9个指标的变化;并利用隶属函数法对其进行抗旱性综合评价。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫程度的不断增大,3种藤本植物叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度呈逐渐降低的趋势;脯氨酸、丙二醛、可溶性总糖和可溶性蛋白含量则呈现逐渐增加的趋势;SOD、CAT呈现先上升后下降的趋势。根据隶属函数值的比较,抗旱能力为:常春藤>扶芳藤>常春油麻藤。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
17.
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献