共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
《河北林果研究》2015,(4)
利用退化荒草地附近种源地表层土壤,通过客土和人工播撒乔、灌木种子的方式对荒草地进行土壤种子库的补充,比较植被恢复地、种源地、对照裸地的土壤种子库组成、密度、多样性、地上植被生物量和土壤理化性质,研究土壤种子库对荒草地在植被恢复方面的改良作用,以便为今后退化土地的自然恢复提供理论依据。结果表明:植被恢复地土壤种子库物种数量比对照裸地增加6种,地上植被有常绿乔木及多种灌木物种出现,种子密度由843.75粒/m~2增加至3 645.83粒/m~2;土壤种子库Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数顺序由大到小均依次为:植被恢复地、种源地、对照裸地;与地上植被的相似性指数也由0.12增加到0.23;植被恢复地地上生物量分别是种源地和对照裸地的4.28倍、4.85倍;植被恢复地的持水量增加,土壤结构改善,有机质及N、P、K的含量均显著提高。 相似文献
2.
采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,对河西走廊中部沙漠人工梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)林土壤种子库进行研究。结果显示:(1)沙漠人工梭梭林中土壤种子库共统计到9个物种,隶属3科9属,以藜科植物最多,土壤种子库总体表现出科属组成较为集中、1年生草本的物种和密度占优势的特点;(2)在沙漠人工梭梭林土壤种子库中,0～2 cm层、2～5 cm、5～10 cm的物种数量分别为4种、5种、6种,其种子密度依次为54.71粒/m~2、58.00粒/m~2、132.86粒/m~2。物种数量和密度均呈现5～10 cm2～5 cm0～2 cm层的分布规律,5～10 cm层与2～5 cm、0～2 cm层密度差异明显。(3)不同土层种子库的Shannon—wiener、Simpson、Peilow指数变化趋势基本一致,随土层深度增加而增大,而Margalet指数和生态优势度指数与之相反;(4)种子库和地上植被的相似性系数在0.545 5～0.666 7之间,相似程度比较高。(5)从土壤种子库物种的生活型构成及各功能群优势度比例分析,整体上,种子库中以1年生植物的种子比例最高,达到86.13%;沙漠植被自我恢复的程度较低。 相似文献
3.
东洞庭湖湿地持久土壤种子库分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沿水位梯度设置三种类型样地,即高水位区、中水位区、低水位区,研究了东洞庭湖湿地持久土壤种子库的数量及分布特征。结果表明,持久土壤种子库主要由13种植物种子组成,其中高水位区最多,为7种,中水位区为6种,低水位区为4种。种子库密度在高水位区最大,为1 818.18粒/m2,中水位区次之,为1 168.83粒/m2,低水位区最小,为649.35粒/m2。土壤种子主要集中在0~15 cm的土层中,且随着土壤深度加深而明显减少。对持久土壤种子库进行丰富度分析表明,三种区域土壤种子库的Margalef丰富度指数与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均差异明显。其中,Margalef丰富度指数在高、中、低水位区分别为0.56、0.54、0.46,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分别为0.51、0.43、0.34。可见,水位是影响湿地土壤持久种子库数量及分布最为重要的生态因子。 相似文献
4.
采用种子萌发法研究太湖岸带湿地4种不同覆被类型(A:酸模岸带;B:灌草岸带;C:农作物岸带;D天然芦苇岸带)下土壤种子库的季节变化。结果表明:试验中共萌发30种植物,2010年4,8,11月分别萌发21,16,18个物种,其中以1年生和多年生草本植物为主。2010年4月,8月与11月种子库密度之间无显著差异,其种子储量分别达到(2093±948.55)粒·m-2,(1173±897.01)粒·m-2,(1100±623.50)粒·m-2。除了类型D外,A,B,C3种类型土层中种子库储量皆以4月最高,其种子库储量分别为(1040±526.91)粒·m-2,(4853±1681.91)粒·m-2,(1360±586.55)粒·m-2。太湖岸带湿地种子库密度季节动态表现为春季(4月)最多,其次为夏季(8月),秋季(11月)最少。研究结果表明太湖岸带湿地种子库在维持地表植被植物多样性中发挥着极其重要的作用,可为太湖岸带湿地的保护管理提供技术支持。 相似文献
5.
《西部林业科学》2021,(4)
为深入了解巨柏天然更新基础——土壤种子库,以巨柏稀疏纯林为研究对象,在巨柏主要分布区的雅江中游朗县选择2种地类(台地、坡地)、4个径级(0～10、10～30、30～50 cm和50 cm)每径级选1株共8株巨柏标准木单株进行土壤种子库时空特征调查。结果显示:(1)巨柏土壤种子库中其种子密度较小,平均为299粒/m~2,集中分布在距树干1～5 m和土层0～5 cm深度的范围内,分别占种子库储量的93.4%和89%,种子库的数量随地表覆盖度的增加呈波动增加趋势;(2)不同地类巨柏土壤种子库大小存在显著差异,坡地345.9粒/m~2主要分布在偏西方向;台地种子库密度为252.1粒/m~2,主要分布在偏北方向上;(3)巨柏种子库整体质量较差,有活力的种子仅占21.9%;不同径级巨柏土壤种子库变异系数在54.9%～67.5%之间;(4)两期调查土壤种子库大小差异显著,12月巨柏种子库数量达到稳定期,到翌年5月种子经过了萌发期,种子库密度从平均311.9粒/m~2降到176.4粒/m~2,减少了43.4%。研究表明,环境异质性、地表覆盖物的遮挡均对巨柏种子库产生了重要影响;巨柏种子库较小、失活率较高一定程度上影响了其天然更新基础。 相似文献
6.
采用野外取样与种子萌发相结合的方法对湖南近自然森林经营主要林分类型(杉木、马尾松林)土壤种子库特征进行了研究。结果表明,杉木林土壤种子库主要由16种植物组成,其物种组成以草本为主,马尾松林20种,其种子库组成包括乔、灌、草生活型的物种。地上植被作为土壤种子库中种子来源,与种子库物种组成具有较高的相似性。种子库萌发过程呈现先草本植物种子萌发后木本植物的现象。杉木林、马尾松林土壤种子库密度具有一定相似性,杉木林、马尾松林最大值均出现在0~10 cm土壤层,分别为434.7粒/m2、523.6粒/m2。杉木林、马尾松林土壤种子库Margalef丰富度指数在10~20 cm土壤层中最低,最大值均出现在0~10cm土壤层中。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数存在一定差异,在10~20 cm土壤层中,杉木林多样性指数为1.56,而马尾松林为1.34,为各层取样中多样性指数最低值。杉木林多样性指数最低值出现在枯枝落叶层,为0.70,多样性指数最高值均出现在0~10 cm土壤层中,分别为1.72、2.01。马尾松林土壤种子库在数量及质量上高于杉木林土壤种子库,马尾松林已逐渐演变为以马尾松占优势,青冈栎、香樟等乔木伴生的次生林,具有一定的林分自然更新能力。 相似文献
7.
通过对云南普洱地区季风常绿阔叶林原始林、恢复15年及30年群落的野外调查及土壤种子库的萌发试验,探讨其土壤种子库的基本特征、变化规律及与地上植被的关系。结果表明:试验中共有1667粒种子萌发,分属30科65属76种;恢复15年群落土壤种子库密度最高,每m2达(361±69.87)粒,原始林次之,为(142.5±27.5)粒,恢复30年群落最低,为(108.33±30.01)粒;恢复30年群落土壤种子库多样性最高。种子生存策略与群落结构是土壤种子库物种组成变化的主要原因,3种群落类型土壤种子库生活型主要由草本植物组成,恢复15年群落中1年生草本植物种子密度要显著高于恢复30年群落。恢复15年与30年群落土壤种子库与地上植被相似性系数要高于原始林群落;草本层对土壤种子库物种组成的影响要高于乔木层,幼苗库物种组成则与乔木层联系更加紧密。 相似文献
8.
以江西省万年县中北部低效马尾松改造后25年生左右的林分为研究对象,采用样地调查法调查林区植被类型,利用种子收集器收集种子,取样分析改造后马尾松林下木荷、杉木种子雨和土壤种子库特征及垂直分布格局。结果显示:改造后的马尾松林中,林下乔木以木荷、杉木为主。从垂直分布来看,木荷、杉木土壤种子库总量分布明显呈现从上到下逐渐减少的趋势。木荷枯落物层种子库总量均超过取样收集的种子数量的70%,0~5 cm土层中单位面积种子库总量在4~11粒·m~(-2),木荷无生活力种子的数量和比率都较高。杉木种子库总量平均值分别为49.6、24.8、23粒·m~(-2)。杉木土壤种子库中枯落物层、0~5 cm、5~10 cm土层有生活力种子密度均值分别为8.77、1.23、3.50粒·m·(-2),占种子库总量均值的53.02%、14.82%、45.05%。 相似文献
9.
柏木种子雨在8月底开始降落,10月达到顶峰,翌年5月结束,历经9个月左右。整个过程呈单峰曲线,10~11月的种子雨量占全年的67.5%。种子雨时间变化格局差异极显著,而水平空间分布格局没有显著差异。种子雨中柏木种子的年均密度为5 982.2粒.m-2。63.4%的柏木种子直径大于2.5 mm,构成了柏木种子雨的主体。由于这一级别柏木种子的萌发能力较强,因此三峡地区柏木林的更新能力强。柏木林中非柏木种子的种子雨每年主要发生在1月和5月,形成2个高峰,年均种子雨密度为1 842.8粒.m-2。土壤种子库中柏木种子的平均密度为608.8粒.m-2。柏木种子在土壤种子库中垂直分布格局差异极显著。0~2 cm土壤层所分布的柏木种子占种子库中柏木种子的80.49%。其它土壤层次所含有的种子比例很低,且萌发能力较低,因此,柏木林的更新主要依赖于表层土壤种子库的种子。柏木种子在种子库中的水平分布格局虽然随坡位的不同而有所变化,但是差异不显著,表明整个柏木林的更新能力在水平格局上无显著差异。 相似文献
10.
以西南桦人工林与天然林的土壤种子库为研究对象,采用室内萌发法对云南热区的西南桦人工林与天然林下0～10 cm深度的土壤种子库的种子储量及其垂直分布进行了研究。研究结果表明:①西南桦人工林有活力种子储量为2 027粒/m2,天然林有活力种子储量为3 043粒/m2;②西南桦人工林土壤种子库由21科38属的42种植物组成,其中乔木4种,占全部种类的0.69%;灌木16种,占7.70%;多年生草本10种,占14.90%;1 a生草本9种,占73.36%;藤本3种,占3.35%。西南桦天然林土壤种子库由24科43属的49种植物组成,其中乔木6种,占全部种类的10.56%;灌木15种,占18.31%;多年生草本14种,占4.38%;1 a生草本10种,占65.06%;藤本4种,占1.69%;③乔木、灌木的植物数量占总数的比例为天然林>人工林,而草本和藤本为天然林<人工林;④西南桦人工林与天然林土壤种子库有活力种子密度自上而下都呈现下降趋势,0～5 cm种子数量较5～10 cm多。 相似文献
11.
Based on an investigation on gaps and non-gap stands of the Maolan National Karst Forest Nature Reserve, Guizhou Province,
quantitative characteristics and dynamic changes of seed rain and seed banks in gaps were analyzed. The results show that
the total amount of seed rain was 117.4 ± 32.6 seeds/m2 during the period of observation. The number of immature seeds was 56.3 ± 10.3 seeds/m2, that of mature damaged seeds was 15.7 ± 4.7 seeds/m2, and the number of mature germinated seeds was 45.4 ± 8.2 seeds/m2. It is suggested that the seed number is rich for gap regeneration. Seed rain in gaps has spatial and temporal heterogeneities
which deeply affect regeneration patterns of gap plants. Along a gradient from the gap center to a non-gap stand, seed density
in the litter layer, the number of species, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index were gradually reduced, but these indices
increased in the soil. The seed density in the gap center was 2415 ± 639 seeds/m2, near the gap center was 2218 ± 421 seeds/m2 and at the gap border area 1815 ± 311 seeds/m2. This shows that plants in gaps have good latent regeneration potential. In both gaps and non-gap stands, the Jaccard similarity
index of seed in litter layer was the largest, second largest at 5–10 cm soil depth, and the least at the 0–5 cm soil layer
the index. The Jaccard index between the soil seed bank and the present plant community was large in the litter layer, but
decreased with soil depth both in gaps and non-gap stands. The results show that soil seed banks are the main source of gap
regeneration in the karst forests of Maolan and contribute significantly to gap regeneration.
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Translated from Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 2007, 29(3): 327–332 [译自: 云南植物研究] 相似文献
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13.
To better understand the potentials of the soil seed banks in facilitating succession towards a more natural forest of native tree species, we quantified the size and composition of the soil seed banks in established plantations in South China. The seed banks were from four typical 22-year-old plantations, i.e., legume, mixed-conifer, mixed-native, and Eucalyptus overstory species. Species diversity in the seed banks was low, and the vegetation species differed from those found in the seed bank in each plantation. A total of 1211 seedlings belonging to eight species emerged in a seedling germination assay, among which Cyrtococcum patens was most abundant. All species detected were shrubs and herbs, and no viable indigenous tree seeds were found in soil samples. Size and species composition of the seed banks might be related to the overstory species compositions of the established plantations. The seed bank density in soils was highest in the mixed-conifer plantation followed by Eucalyptus, mixed-native, and legume plantations. Species richness among the seed banks of plantations was ranked as follows: Eucalyptus > mixed-conifer > mixed-native = legume. The results indicated that the soil seed banks of the current plantations are ineffective in regenerating the former communities after human disturbances. Particularly, the absence of indigenous tree species seeds in the seed banks would limit regeneration and probably contribute to arrested succession at the pioneer community stage. It would appear from these data that the soil seed banks under the current plantations should not be considered as a useful tool leading the succession to more natural stages. Introduction of target indigenous species by artificial seeding or seedling planting should be considered to accelerate forest regeneration. 相似文献
14.
Sheikh Harun-or-Rashid Shekhar R. Biswas Reinhard Böcker Michael Kruse 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009
The objective of this study was to compare the variation in the soil seed banks and the aboveground vegetation in relation to three habitats, i.e., swamp forests, grassland and sand dunes within the Sundarbans mangrove forests of Bangladesh. We collected vegetation data (species and their percentage cover) by using quadrat sampling: 10 m × 10 m for swamp forests and 5 m × 5 m for grassland and sand dunes. We estimated the density of viable seeds of species in the seed bank by counting germinants from soil cores in a germination chamber. Species richness and composition of both aboveground vegetation and the soil seed banks differed significantly among habitats. We identified a total of 23 species from the soil seed bank. Of these, two were true mangrove species and the remaining were non-mangrove species, including halophytic grasses, herbs and mangrove associate species. Our results confirm that mangrove species do not possess a persistent soil seed bank. The presence of high-density non-mangrove and associated mangrove species in the soil seed bank implies that after frequent catastrophic disturbances which limit incoming propagules from adjacent forest stand, large canopy gaps can easily become invaded by non-mangrove and mangrove associate species. This would result in the formation of a cover of non-mangrove species and cryptic ecological degradation in mangrove habitats. We suggest that forest managers should actively consider gap plantations with mangrove species in the large canopy gaps created after catastrophic disturbances to counteract the invasion of non-mangrove species and cryptic ecological degradation. 相似文献
15.
尼加拉瓜废弃农田次生演替后的土壤种子库 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Benigno González-Rivas Mulualem Tigabu Guillermo Castro-Marín Per Christer Odén Benigno González-Rivas Mulualem Tigabu Guillermo Castro-Marín Per Christer Odén 《林业研究》2009,20(4):349-354
定量分析了被废弃4年、9年和14年的农田地上派生的次生林土壤中种子组成和密度,从而检测在次生林演替形成过程中,土壤种子库是否能随着植物种群的集成而集成。分别在废弃了4年、9年和14年的农田地里（15cm×15cm样方、9cm土层深）,掘取了18,37和48份土壤样品。在废弃了4,9和14年的农田地上,分别发现了3,5和9个物种。在这些不同的生命形态中,在9年和14年的迹地上,土壤种子树木占主要成分,分别为60%和33%,而4年废弃迹地主要被非木本植物所占领。三块废弃地里,4年废弃迹地植物种子的总数为327粒,相应可发育的种子密度为141粒/m2,14年废弃迹地种子的总数为46粒,相应的可发育种子的密度为26粒/m^2,指明种子数、种子密度随废弃地龄成下降趋势。在9年和14年龄废弃地上,土壤种子植物种类与立地木本植物种类的相似度较低,而4年龄地上两者比较则完全不同。我们认为：土壤种子库的物种构成是在次生演替过程中逐渐形成的,但是,所获得的总体种子密度太低,仅仅依赖于这些种子来实现树木自然再生是不可靠的。为了加快这些废弃地次生林的恢复,既要依靠自然集成的土壤种子库,还需要通过直播、所需物种的强化种植和设定人工生长环境以利于种子传播。 相似文献
16.
以人工拣种结合种子萌发法研究了庞泉沟自然保护区9种河岸林群落的土壤种子库特征,结果表明: 9种群落的土壤种子库密度间于684±108 - 2 696±266粒·m-2,69.27% - 88.65%的种子留存于0 - 5 cm的层次,沙棘灌丛的种子库密度最大,乌柳灌丛最小;离河岸10 m和20 m处的种子库密度大于岸边、离河岸30 m和40 m处;种子库包含的40种植物以多年生草本为主,灌木和草本种多为耐干扰种,存在典型的湿地植物,但种子储量以先锋种白桦最丰;辽东栎无完整种子,白桦、华北落叶松、云杉和油松的种子活力保持期为1 - 2年,多数草本的种子活力保持期超过2年;按照群落土壤种子库的相似性,将群落划分为林分开始期、林分排除期、下层再现期和老熟期4个演替阶段。演替后期群落的种子库密度、丰度以及与地上植被的相似性都小于前期群落。土壤种子库是森林自然更新及种群恢复的重要基础,本文对于研究地区河岸林的保护和重建具有重要的理论意义。 相似文献
17.
Mehdi Heydari Hassan Pourbabaei Omid Esmaelzade David Pothier Ali Salehi 《中国林学(英文版)》2013,15(4):286-301
The destruction of natural ecosystems is an important issue in many parts of the world. In the west of Iran, a vast area of the Zagros Mountain range is covered by typical vegetation including several rare plant species, of which many are currently considered endangered by anthropogenic activities. Despite the important role of soil seed banks to help conserve these degraded plant communities, the floristic studies in the Zagros forests have only focused on above- ground vegetation. In this study, the characteristics of soil seed banks and above-ground vegetation were examined at two forest sites： an undisturbed control （Un） and a disturbed （D） site. The objectives of this study were 1） to investigate the diversity of above-ground vegetation and soil seed banks in disturbed and undisturbed forests, 2） to examine the soil properties and the germination characteristics of the soil seed bank in disturbed and undisturbed oak forests and 3） to estimate the potential of soil seed banks in the restoration of disturbed sites. The results show that soil properties between Un and D sites were significantly different with higher values of pH, NH4-N, N~o,, CEC, OC, clay and canopy percentage in the Un site than in the D site. The Simpson diversity, Margalef richness and evenness indices differed significantly between sites, either for the soil seed banks or the above-ground vegetation. After a period of 26 weeks, the germination speed and the mean daily number of germinants were significantly different between Un and D sites. Without other conservation measures, soil seed banks alone cannot result in a full recovery after severe disturbances in the oak forests of Zagros. 相似文献
18.
川西南山地高山栲种群种子雨和地表种子库研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究川西南山地区两个高山栲低密度种群的种子雨模式、种子雨过程中地表种子库动态和种群的幼苗状况,讨论种子产量、种子存留和种子对成苗的贡献.结果表明:1)种子雨持续时间超过2个月,但种子下落的高峰期存在样地间差异;2)该地区高山栲的种子产量很低,种子雨散落的密度不大(2.3～2.8个·m-2).3)在种子雨过程中,地表种子库各组成的动态不同,霉烂种子和萌发种子为零,完好种子和虫蛀种子有轻微的波动,完好种子的存留密度为0.13个·m-2;和它们相反,地表的壳斗和败育种子存在积累效应.4)动物捕食是地表种子损失的主要原因,两种群分别占91.3%和97.83%,地表种子的存留率仅为8.7%和2.17%.5)研究样地的高山栲种群低的种子生产量、地表种子存留率和幼苗建成困难等3个环节都限制了高山栲种群的实生更新. 相似文献