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<正> Ⅰ.序言日本对松树枯萎病有一些防治方法。该病系松材线虫Bursaphelenchus Lignicolus及日本松天牛Monochamus alternatus所致。据信,利用天敌消灭松材线虫,防止松树枯萎病的发生是个可行的方法。当在研究线虫对松汁是否显趋化性时,偶然发现了捕食线虫的真菌。该真菌Arthrodotrys sp.在琼脂培养基上对松材线虫有捕食性,是线虫天敌的候选者。这与Mamiya和Tamura二人在日本松天牛蛹室中发现的Dactylella Ieptospora相似。 相似文献
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松材线虫在我国的适生性分析及检疫对策初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus引起的松枯萎病发生的因素即感病寄主、媒介昆虫的分布、松材线虫生存所需要的环境条件进行分析,笔者认为气候条件特别是温度的变化是影响松材线虫生存和松枯萎病发生的主要因子,在我国年平均气温10℃线以南地区为松材线虫的适生区,年平均气温14℃线以南地区为松枯萎病的易发生区,松材线虫和松枯萎病分布区为病害的疫区,并提出各区内相应的检疫对策。 相似文献
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日本松材线虫防治措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从20世纪初期开始，日本松林就不断受到松材线虫的危害。1970—1972年发现病原体松材线虫及其媒介松墨天牛后，便开始防治松材线虫的重点研究，并发现了导致松树枯死的强有力的传染病实体。1977年制定《松材线虫特别防除措施法》，采取了紧急防治对策。20多年来日本在防治松材线虫领域积累了一些经验和成果，1997年日本全国森林病虫兽害防除协会编辑出版了《松材线虫》一书，这些研究成果可供我国防治松材线虫借鉴。 相似文献
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放养管氏肿腿蜂防治松褐天牛试验成效分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
松材线虫病的传播,主要是以媒介昆虫松褐天牛携带松材线虫感染健康松木致病.根据有关研究数据证明,松褐天牛携带线虫率达62.5%,携带线虫量为4601～12737条/头,最高达到71740条/头.因此,松材线虫病的除治,其根本要素是对松褐天牛的积极除治,防治松褐天牛即直接影响着松材线虫病的防治效果. 相似文献
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松材线虫病媒介昆虫的调查 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1991—1992年从松材线虫病死木中收集的28种昆虫中检出3种天牛,1种小蠹和1种白蚁等5种昆虫携带松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,其中松褐天牛是传播松材线虫最主要的媒介昆虫,松褐天牛的携带率为62.5%,平均携带量为4601条/头。用每头天牛分离出的线虫,接种1株马尾松和黑松近200株,到秋天56%的马尾松和92%的黑松感染松材线虫病致死。其它4种携带松材线虫的媒介昆虫小灰长角天牛、台湾长角天牛、松枞坑切梢小蠹和黑翅土白蚁的携带量在10.5条/头以下,携带率在12.5%以下。 相似文献
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[目的]日本学者Kosaka与Ogura发现松褐天牛成虫除携带松材线虫外,雌成虫卵巢内还携带有另一种线虫,他们将其命名为卵巢线虫,并认为这种线虫是松褐天牛成虫的寄生性线虫。我国对该种线虫的研究迄今未见报道。为了证明这种线虫在我国是否存在和分布,开展了本项研究。[方法]分期分批捕获刚羽化的松褐天牛雌雄成虫,采用解剖松褐天牛成虫松树木质部及感病的松褐天牛幼虫等方法,调查卵巢线虫的存在与分布。[结果]通过调查研究,发现我国的松褐天牛成虫体内有该卵巢线虫存在,分布于松褐天牛成虫、幼虫体内和松树木质部3个部位;在松褐天牛成虫体内的卵巢线虫通过松褐天牛雌成虫产卵而接种、进入寄主树木木质部中。同时,木质部的卵巢线虫也有一部分进入松褐天牛幼虫体内寄生,另一部分仍在木质部生活,当松褐天牛幼虫再次发育为成虫时,在木质部中的卵巢线虫和已被寄生的松褐天牛幼虫体内的卵巢线虫再次进入松褐天牛成虫体内,完成循环。卵巢线虫在松褐天牛雌、雄虫体内均有分布,携带率为44.4%,其中松褐天牛雌成虫携带率为43.8%,松褐天牛雄成虫携带率为45.0%,两者间无显著差异;每头松褐天牛成虫平均携带卵巢线虫574条,其中雌成虫平均携带816条,雄成虫平均携带308条,具显著差异。初步研究表明,卵巢线虫在松褐天牛成虫体内只能完成产卵到1~4龄的幼虫阶段,不能完成一个完整的世代;在松褐天牛幼虫体内寄生和在木质部生活的卵巢线虫能完成一个完整世代,但具体过程尚不清楚;调查中未观察到卵巢线虫对松褐天牛成虫有寄生致病或致死的现象,但对松褐天牛幼虫有寄生致死的能力;卵巢线虫常与松材线虫同时存在,而且侵入松树及离开松树的方式与松材线虫相同。[结论]我国松褐天牛体内也发现有卵巢线虫存在;目前尚不能证明该线虫对松褐天牛成虫具有寄生致死性,但对松褐天牛幼虫具有一定的寄生致死性;卵巢线虫的生活史与松材线虫相似,是否与松材线虫一样对松树具有危害性以及其病理作用还有待于进一步研究。 相似文献
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松材线虫病的细菌参与学说 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
<正>松材线虫病是由松褐天牛为媒介者携带病原体松材线虫而引起的一种松树的传染病。因此,其防治对策应基于松树、松材线虫、松褐天牛三者之间的相互关系。 相似文献
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Six‐month‐old Japanese black pine seedlings (Pinus thunbergii) were exposed to simulated acid rain (SAR) at pH 3 and 2 three times a week. After treatment for 2 months, the seedlings were inoculated with a virulent isolate (S10) of the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchusxylophilus), at three inoculum levels (Pi = 50, 160 or 500 nematodes per seedling). In seedlings inoculated with 500 nematodes, both population growth of nematodes and disease development were accelerated by pretreatment with SAR at pH 3 or 2. In seedlings inoculated with 50 nematodes, population growth of the nematodes was suppressed and more time was needed for seedlings to die when pretreated with pH 3 SAR. This suggests that exposure to pH 3 SAR increased not only the progress of mortality, but also simultaneously enhanced the tolerance limit of the seedlings to the pinewood nematode – the critical value of physiological burden (represented as a product of time and initial nematode population) necessary to kill a seedling. Exposure to pH 2 SAR accelerated nematode reproduction in seedlings and increased seedling mortality irrespective of the number of nematodes inoculated. 相似文献
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Simulated acid rain (SAR) at three pH levels (pH 4, 3, 2) was applied to only the top or both the top and roots of 4-month-old
Japanese black pine seedlings repeatedly for two months. Then the seedlings were inoculated with a virulent isolate (S10)
of pinewood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. The exposure to SAR at any level did not kill the seedlings. When inoculated with nematodes, however, the nematode population
build-up was significantly higher in the seedlings pretreated with SAR at any level than in the control at the 7th and 17th
day after inoculation, and subsequent disease symptom development was also significantly accelerated by the exposure to SAR
at pH 2 and 3. This result indicates that even acid rain at pH 4 has the potential for promoting population growth of pinewood
nematodes in 4-month-old Japanese black pine seedlings. 相似文献
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以加勒比松(Pinus caribaea)16个种源、湿地松(P.elliottii)4个种源2.5 a生营养袋苗木为材料,定期开展生长调查,于2016年7—8月、2017年2月开展叶绿素荧光参数的测定,分析加勒比松、湿地松针叶叶绿素荧光参数对树种、种源、不同测量时间的响应.结果表明,不同种源加勒比松/湿地松的株高、地径生长均存在显著差异(P<0.01);测量时间与树种对最大PSⅡ的光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)有显著影响(P<0.01),二者互作效应不显著,与7、8月相比,测量值均在第2年2月显著提高;两个树种的实际量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学淬灭(qP)与表观量子传递速率(ETR)对测量时间的响应模式相反;加勒比松与湿地松叶绿素荧光参数受种源影响不显著;相关性分析表明,加勒比松与湿地松的株高和地径生长与2月Fv/Fm、PSⅡ有效光化学效率(Fv′/Fm′)测量值呈一定的负相关关系;高光强抑制了湿地松、加勒比松的叶绿素荧光参数,但抑制效果与生长无明显相关关系;低温造成的胁迫主要抑制了加勒比松的光化学反应,并与其生长表现有一定的负相关关系.可考虑将2月份测量的叶绿素荧光参数作为加勒比松耐寒个体的筛选指标. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):549-557
Seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and lodgepole pine (P. contorta Dougl.) provenances, as grown in Finland, were inoculated with “m”; and “r”; “forms”; of the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) from Canada, an m form isolate from France and an r form isolate from Missouri, USA. Scots pine was highly susceptible to an Alberta r form and a British Columbia m form isolate and moderately susceptible to two Quebec m form isolates. Lodgepole pine was higly susceptible to the two r form (Alberta and Missouri) isolates and moderately susceptible to the British Columbia m form and the two Quebec m form isolates. Mortality of both pines after inoculation with the French isolate was inconsistent. Mortality of both pines occurred more rapidly following inoculation with r form than with m form nematodes. Large numbers of nematodes were generally found in the tissues of both pines. Our results with seedlings need to be corroborated by inoculating larger field‐grown trees. 相似文献
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国外松菌根的接种效应研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
用广东常见的两种菌根真菌纯菌剂以及彩色豆马勃的孢子粉，对加勒比松及湿地松幼苗实施人工接种。结果表明，菌根接种对幼树生长的促生效果明显，1.5年生湿地松树高增幅达10.94%；2年生加勒比松树高增幅达20.37%；3年生加勒比松树高增幅达13.54%-22.35%；5年生加勒松树高增幅达31.13%；胸径也有较大的增幅。接种5年的加勒比松幼林蓄积量达16.82m^3/hm^2，比对照的增加87.1%，效果十分显著。菌根接种是我省松树造林及提高生产力的有效措施之一。 相似文献
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Three- or 4-year-old Japanese black pine seedlings were exposed to simulated acid rain (SAR) at pH 3 for two months, then
inoculated with a virulent isolate (S 10) of pinewood nematodes. The experiments were repeated three times in 1996–1998. The
exposure to SAR killed no seedlings, and retarded the development of disease symptoms in the seedlings inoculated with nematodes.
In the experiments in 1996 and 1997, however, cessation of resin exudation, and primary decrease in the xylem conductivity
occurred earlier in the seedlings exposed to SAR than in those exposed to tap water as a control. These results imply that
acid rain at pH 3 influenced an increase in some resistance of Japanese black pine seedlings to pinewood nematode, and that
this improved resistance could potentially overcome damage caused by acid rain. The exposure to SAR did not have any significant
effect on the water relations of the seedlings itself, suggesting that retardation of the symptom development after the exposure
to SAR could not be attributed to the improvement in the water relations.
This work was supported in part by a Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Forest Technical Association (JAFTA). 相似文献