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1.
基于夏玉米冠层内辐射分布的不同层叶面积指数模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为了模拟夏玉米冠层内各层叶面积指数垂直分布,光合有效辐射（photosynthetically active radiation, PAR）是研究作物群体光合作用和长势的重要特征参数,阐明冠层内PAR的垂直分布规律与冠层结构等参数之间的相关关系,可为遥感定量反演冠层结构参数提供模型基础。该文基于PAR在冠层内的辐射传输规律结合冠层结构模拟不同太阳高度角的PAR透过率垂直分布模型,并用地面冠层分析仪测量值进行验证,结果表明模型对封垄前玉米抽雄期冠层内PAR透过率垂直分布模拟精度较高。通过不同太阳高度角PAR透过率的垂直分布模型结合消光系数运用不同算法分别反演层叶面积指数（leaf area index, LAI）,并与不同高度层LAI实测值进行比较。结果显示：Bonhomme& Chartier算法反演不同高度层LAI精度较高,上层均方根误差（root mean square error,RMSE）为0.18,中层RMSE为0.55,下层RMSE为0.09。不同太阳高度角反演结果存在差异,30°和45°高度角均能较好地反演下层LAI,RMSE分别为0.11与0.09;30°高度角反演中层LAI精度较高,RMSE为0.30;45°高度角反演上层LAI精度较高,RMSE为0.18。结果表明基于不同太阳高度角构建的层LAI反演模型更适于实现夏玉米不同高度层LAI的遥感估算。该研究可为模拟垄行结构冠层内LAI垂直分布提供参考。 相似文献
2.
近地遥感常被用于获取作物冠层组分信息,但在提取叶片反射率时常受到土壤背景、穗和阴影效应的影响。为准确分类并提取作物冠层组分信息,该研究通过分析小麦冠层各组分（光照/阴影叶片、土壤、穗）的光谱及纹理差异,提出了一种光谱指数与数学形态学结合的作物冠层组分分类方法,探讨不同生育时期的最佳冠层组分分类方法,并定量分析不同组分的归一化光谱指数与小麦叶片氮含量的关系。结果表明：光谱指数法能较好地区分小麦抽穗前的不同冠层组分,而抽穗期的分类效果易受麦穗影响;光谱指数与数学形态学结合的分类方法能较好地消除麦穗对光照/阴影叶片提取的干扰（总体分类精度为97.80%,Kappa系数为0.97,运行时间3.87 min）,该方法的分类精度及运行效率均优于传统分类方法（迭代自组织数据分析算法（Iterative Selforganizing Data Analysis Techniques Algorithm, ISODATA）和最大似然估计（Maximum Likelihood Estimation, MLE））;而且,基于光照和阴影叶片的归一化光谱指数对叶片氮含量最敏感。研究结果可为其他作物冠层组分分类和精准农业中农学参数的定量反演提供技术参考。 相似文献
3.
叶片自由空间在环境与冠层养分交换间具有重要作用,是目前植物营养学研究的重要领域之一。通过盆栽试验,以不同株型夏玉米为试材,研究了不同施氮水平（N 0、0.15和0.30 g /kg）下玉米冠层叶片表观自由空间（AFS）的差异。结果表明,不同生育期叶片AFS差异极显著（P0.01）,表现为随生育期推进,叶片AFS、生物量和全氮含量均逐渐降低;除成熟期,其它各生育期品种与施氮水平对叶片AFS的影响均存在显著的交互作用。施氮对叶片生物量的影响不显著,但施氮后叶片全氮含量显著增加。不同施氮水平下,植株冠层叶片AFS也存在显著差异,中量施氮处理（即N 0.15 g /kg）植株叶片AFS值（9.49 %）明显高于与不施氮处理（9.03 %）,但随施氮量进一步增加,叶片AFS下降,施氮量为N 0.30 g /kg时,叶片AFS为8.62 %;不同施氮水平各生育期不同叶层间叶片AFS、生物量和全氮含量差异显著（P0.05）。不同品种间叶片全氮含量和AFS存在显著差异（P0.05）,以紧凑型品种陕单902叶片AFS最大,平均为9.24 %,显著高于其它品种;中间型品种农大108与平展型品种陕单9号间差异不显著,二者平均分别为9.06 %和8.85 %;不同株型品种各生育期不同叶层间叶片全氮含量和AFS缺乏规律性。相关分析表明,叶片全氮与叶片AFS存在极显著正相关（R=0.9481）,说明植物冠层叶片AFS大小除受遗传特性影响外,植物体和介质氮素营养水平不同,AFS也存在差异,且这些差异随生育期变化而不同。 相似文献
4.
施氮对半湿润农田夏玉米冠层氮素及叶绿素相对值(SPAD值)垂直分布的影响 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
以半湿润地区土垫旱耕人为土为供试土壤,采用田问试验,研究了不同施氮水平下夏玉米(Zea maysL.)拔节期、灌浆期和成熟期3个生育期冠层叶片氮素、叶绿素相对值(SPAt)值)的垂直分布规律及其差异;同时对各层叶片含氮量、SPAR值与施氮量进行相关分析.结果表明,在各生育期不同叶层叶片含氮量按上、中、下层顺序呈明显递减规律,从全生育期不同施氮处理看,上层比中层增加6.64%,中层比下层增加5.18%.随施氮量增加,中上层叶片含氮量差异增大,中下层叶片含氮量差异减小.冠层内叶片SPAD值垂直分布规律与叶片含氮量分布规律相类似.相关分析表明,全生育期各层叶片SPAD值与叶片含氮量呈极显著线性正相关关系(R=0.503**).进一步分析发现,各层叶片SPAD值,叶片含氮量与施氮量的相关性以上层叶关系最为密切,揭示了夏玉米氮素营养诊断的较好叶片是上层叶位. 相似文献
5.
基于Greenseeker光谱法的棉花氮素营养诊断研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用主动遥感光谱仪(Greenseeker)对新疆2个主栽棉花品种4个施氮量条件下2年生育期间的冠层归一化植被指数(NDVI)值进行测试,研究不同施氮量对棉花冠层NDVI值、植株氮素积累速率和叶片全氮含量的影响以及田间条件下简便、快速、非接触性的作物氮素营养状况诊断方法。结果表明:在棉花生育期内,冠层NDVI值呈单峰曲线变化,峰值出现在出苗后90d左右,以后逐渐降低;NDVI值和棉株氮素积累速率呈正相关关系,决定系数R~2在盛花期达到最大,为0.844.7;NDVI值变化趋势与叶片全氮含量呈正相关,决定系数R~2在盛花期达到0.7980。棉花冠层NDVI值随着施氮量增加而提高,不同氮素处理间NDVI值在盛花期和花铃期达极显著差异;主动遥感光谱仪在棉花生长的盛花期和花铃期可以预测棉花氮素养分状况。 相似文献
6.
玉米冠层叶片光谱反射率与玉米长势空间变异的关系 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了寻找一种快捷获取玉米叶绿素空间分布信息的方法,研究了玉米苗期冠层叶片光谱反射率的变化特征,分析了不同生长阶段冠层叶片光谱反射率的空间分布和叶绿素质量浓度的空间分布.研究结果表明:玉米苗期冠层叶片叶绿素的质量浓度空间分布不均匀.冠层叶片的叶绿素质量浓度与光谱指数RVI的相关性较低,与归一化差异植被指数NDV1值和550 nm波段的反射率均有较高的相关性.分析550nm波段的反射率值与冠层叶片叶绿素质量浓度值的相关关系,显示二者成负相关变化趋势,相关系数绝对值在0.69～0.88范围随着生长期的变化而逐渐增大,五叶期前期的相关性系数绝对值达到苗期最大值,表明550 nm波段反射率值能够较好的反映玉米苗期叶绿素质量浓度的水平,分析和掌握550 nm波段反射率值的变化及其空间分布特性对快速监测玉米苗期生长状况,对指导田间施肥具有重要意义. 相似文献
7.
用多角度光谱信息反演冬小麦叶绿素含量垂直分布 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：7
由于作物叶片具有一定的叶位空间垂直结构(倒一叶、倒二叶、倒三叶、倒四叶、倒五叶等)，且存在不同叶位叶绿素等生化组分垂直分布的特性，该研究提出利用遥感数据反演作物养分垂直分布，尤其是作物中、下层信息的方法。运用多角度光谱信息，通过不同角度条件下，反映的作物上层、中层、下层信息的差异等通过构建基于不同观测天顶角条件下的冠层叶绿素反演指数的组合值，形成上层叶绿素反演光谱指数、中层叶绿素反演光谱指数和下层叶绿素反演光谱指数来反演作物叶绿素的垂直分布，达到了极显著的水平。表明运用基于多角度光谱信息的光谱指数组合能够较好的反演作物叶绿素含量的垂直分布。对于生产上迫切需要对作物中、下层叶片氮素或叶绿素状况的监测来指导适时和适量施肥，保证获得既定的作物产量和品质目标，提高肥料利用率有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
基于三维冠层模型的玉米光合作用和光能利用模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
光线分布和叶片光合特征在冠层内部具有极强的时空异质性,基于三维冠层模型的玉米光合模型是精确评估品种高光效的重要手段。该研究将作物三维冠层模型、光线分布模型、光合模型与光能利用模型相耦合,建立了玉米冠层光合生产模型3DMaizeCaP,设置3个不同株型的玉米品种（矮单268、京科968和郑单958）,2种不同光照条件（晴天和阴天）,通过大田试验与模型模拟研究揭示了玉米冠层光合速率和光能利用效率对品种和环境的响应。结果表明,矮单268、京科968和郑单958的叶片最大光合速率和暗呼吸速率均随节位下降呈线性降低的垂直分布规律,各品种中矮单268的最大光合速率最大,而暗呼吸速率最小;冠层净光合速率日变化趋势明显,矮单268在阴天和晴天下的冠层最大净光合速率（以CO2计）为21.6和26.2 μmol/(m2·s),均显著（P<0.05）高于京科968（20.8和24.9 μmol/(m2·s)）和郑单958（19.6和24.4 μmol/(m2·s)）;矮单268的日CO2净同化量在阴天和晴天下均显著（P<0.05）高于郑单958,增幅分别高达14.8%和12.4%,各品种间株型虽有显著差异（P<0.05）,但冠层日累积光截获并无显著差异（P>0.05）;单叶尺度上,各叶片中第16节位的单叶日净同化量达到最大;矮单268的光能利用效率最大,在阴天和晴天下分别为3.22和3.03 g/MJ,比京科968分别高4.5%和5.6%,比郑单958分别高7.7%和7.8%;初始光量子效率对玉米冠层光能利用效率的敏感性显著高于最大光合速率（P<0.05）。从提高玉米冠层光能利用效率考虑,建议设计株型紧凑、叶片光合性能强的玉米品种。研究可为定量研究玉米冠层光合速率提供估算方法,也可为高光效品种选育提供评价依据和鉴定技术。 相似文献
9.
典型干旱指数在黄河源区的适宜性评估 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
光线分布和叶片光合特征在冠层内部具有极强的时空异质性,基于三维冠层模型的玉米光合模型是精确评估品种高光效的重要手段。该研究将作物三维冠层模型、光线分布模型、光合模型与光能利用模型相耦合,建立了玉米冠层光合生产模型3DMaizeCaP,设置3个不同株型的玉米品种（矮单268、京科968和郑单958）,2种不同光照条件（晴天和阴天）,通过大田试验与模型模拟研究揭示了玉米冠层光合速率和光能利用效率对品种和环境的响应。结果表明,矮单268、京科968和郑单958的叶片最大光合速率和暗呼吸速率均随节位下降呈线性降低的垂直分布规律,各品种中矮单268的最大光合速率最大,而暗呼吸速率最小;冠层净光合速率日变化趋势明显,矮单268在阴天和晴天下的冠层最大净光合速率（以CO2计）为21.6和26.2 μmol/(m2·s),均显著（P<0.05）高于京科968（20.8和24.9 μmol/(m2·s)）和郑单958（19.6和24.4 μmol/(m2·s)）;矮单268的日CO2净同化量在阴天和晴天下均显著（P<0.05）高于郑单958,增幅分别高达14.8%和12.4%,各品种间株型虽有显著差异（P<0.05）,但冠层日累积光截获并无显著差异（P>0.05）;单叶尺度上,各叶片中第16节位的单叶日净同化量达到最大;矮单268的光能利用效率最大,在阴天和晴天下分别为3.22和3.03 g/MJ,比京科968分别高4.5%和5.6%,比郑单958分别高7.7%和7.8%;初始光量子效率对玉米冠层光能利用效率的敏感性显著高于最大光合速率（P<0.05）。从提高玉米冠层光能利用效率考虑,建议设计株型紧凑、叶片光合性能强的玉米品种。研究可为定量研究玉米冠层光合速率提供估算方法,也可为高光效品种选育提供评价依据和鉴定技术。 相似文献
10.
日光温室黄瓜非均质冠层光合生产的模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用均质冠层结构的光合模型来模拟非均质的日光温室黄瓜冠层光合速率则误差较大.该文所建立的日光温室黄瓜非均质冠层光合速率模型考虑到日光温室黄瓜冠层内光照分布以及叶片光合特性的不均匀性,其包含了非均匀冠层的透光模型和描述冠层叶片光合特性差异的经验公式.利用该模型对冠层光照分布和冠层光合速率的模拟结果表明:当模拟时所取的植株高度小于1.2 m,则冠层内直射光透光率和散射光透光率的模拟结果与验证值相比符合程度较好,但是对于模拟冠层单位体积内叶面积的总光合速率的结果还有待于进一步的验证. 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
18.
Dhritiman Ghosh Velusamy Srinivasan Olli H. Tuovinen Aaron Peacock Mark Radosevich 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(6):1331-1334
We examined the community composition of microbes that colonized atrazine-containing beads buried in agricultural soils that differed in atrazine treatment history. Bacterial abundance was 5-40-fold greater in atrazine-fortified beads. In beads containing 20 mg atrazine kg−1 buried in soil with a history of atrazine application (conditioned soil), the abundance of Actinobacteria increased approximately 80-fold whereas in control soil, Actinobacteria were enriched only 10-fold and the gamma-Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes increased by 60- and 25-fold, respectively. The gamma-Proteobacteria were enriched by 120- and 230-fold in beads containing 200 mg atrazine kg−1 in conditioned and control soil, respectively. The results demonstrate that BioSep® beads are a suitable matrix for recruiting a diverse subset of the bacterial community involved in atrazine degradation. 相似文献
19.
Pilar García Juan-Vicente Monte Carlos Casanova Consuelo Soler 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2002,49(1):103-109
Arbitrary oligonucleotides were used as primers to amplifygenomic DNA of 48 wild Spanish populations of Agropyroncristatum, Elymus hispanicus,E. caninus,E. repens,Thinopyrum curvifolium, Th.junceum and Th.intermedium. Genetic diversity was analysedusing nineteen primers. The number of amplified products ranged from8 to 18 per primer and a total of 240 markers were scored. Differentlevels of intraspecific genetic diversity were found, the allogamousspecies E. repens andTh. intermedium being themost variable. Jaccard's similarity coefficients for internalmeasure within and between populations were used to produce a clusterdiagram. The results demonstrate differences in the degree ofsimilarity between taxonomic units. Interpopulational variability andinterspecific genomic relationships of these species arediscussed. 相似文献
20.
The effects of three commonly used fungicides on the colonization and sporulation by a mixture of three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi consisting of Glomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerd.), Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, and Gigaspora rosea (Nicol. & Schenck) in symbiosis with pea plants and the resulting response of the host-plant were examined. Benomyl, PCNB, and captan were applied as soil drenches at a rate of 20 mg active ingredient kg-1 soil 2 weeks after transplanting pea seedlings in a silty clay-loam soil containing the mixed inocula of AM fungi (AM plants). Effects of fungicides were compared to untreated plants that were inoculated with fungi (AM control). The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth was also examined by including nonmycorrhizal, non-fungicide-treated plants (non-AM control). Fungicides or inoculation with AM fungi had only a small effect on the final shoot weights of pea plants, but had greater effects on root length and seed yield. AM control plants had higher seed yields and lower root lengths than the corresponding non-AM plants, and the fungicide-treated AM plants had intermediate yields and root lengths. Seed N and P contents were likewise highest in AM control plants, lowest in non-AM plants, and intermediate in fungicide-treated AM plants. All three fungicides depressed the proportion (%) of root length colonized by AM fungi, but these differences did not translate to reductions in the total root length that was colonized, since roots were longer in the fungicide-treated AM plants. Pea plants apparently compensated for the reduction in AM-fungal metabolism due to fungicides by increasing root growth. Fungicides affected the population of the three fungi as determined by sporulation at the final harvest. Captan significantly reduced the number, relative abundance, and relative volume of G. rosea spores in the final population relative to the controls. The relative volume of G. etunicatum spores was greater in all the fungicide-treated soils, while G. mosseae relative volumes were only greater in the captan-treated soil. These findings show that fungicides can alter the species composition of an AM-fungal community. The results also show that AM fungi can increase seed yield without enhancing the vegetative shoot growth of host plants. 相似文献