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1.
Compatibility of cherries in the Netherlands 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
D. P. De Vries 《Euphytica》1968,17(2):207-215
Summary Results of pollination trials, carried out between 1908 and 1963 in The Netherlands and adjacent parts of Belgium, were compiled to detect groups of inter-incompatible cherry varieties.In sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) there appeared to be at least six groups of inter-incompatible varieties; in sour cherry (P. cerasus L.) only one group of inter-incompatible varieties was found. Moreover two groups of inter-compatible sour and hybrid cherries (P. avium x P. cerasus) were encountered.A weak relation was found between fruit set of a variety and the capacity of its pollen to induce fruit set. 相似文献
2.
Ioannis Ganopoulos Anna-Maria Farsakoglou Filippos Aravanopoulos Athanassios Molassiotis Michail Michailidis Ermioni Malliarou Evangelia Avramidou Athanasios Tsaftaris Maslin Osanthanunkul Panagiotis Madesis Konstantinos Kazantzis Aliki Xanthopoulou 《Euphytica》2018,214(6):99
An increasing demand for cherry production (Prunus avium L.) in Greece led to the development of new high quality sweet cherry cultivars. Self-incompatibility in cherry is one of the most challenging issues for the species’ cultivation and top breeding priority. Τhe present study focuses on the development of new hybrids with improved traits such as productivity, fruit size, organoleptic characteristics and self-compatibility. For this purpose, thirty different cultivars were crossed and produced hybrids that were evaluated according to 34 morpho-physiological characteristics. The results were analyzed using the XLSTAT (version 2014.1) software and a dendrogram was constructed using the agglomerative hierarchical clustering method. Optimal hybrid clustering was achieved when characteristics of great economic importance such as fruit shape and size, growth habit and days to blooming were included in the analysis. Based on the results, new sweet cherry hybrids with the special character of self-compatibility were developed. Our findings provide crucial new information for sweet cherry future breeding programs and cultivation. 相似文献
3.
Summary Successful widespread use of a forage or biomass plant depends largely on its ease of establishment. Elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) is used for both forage and biomass production, due to its high dry matter production, aggressiveness, perenniality, and forage quality. However, lack of high quality seed has limited the use of elephantgrass and its hybrids to pearl millet (P. glaucum L. R.Br.). Development of a seed-propagated pearl millet x elephantgrass hexaploid cultivar, which would combine desirable characteristics from both of these species, would be highly desirable. The objectives of this study were to characterize morphological and seed-related traits from the selfed progeny of seven hexaploid hybrids, and to determine whether seed size had any influence on these traits. Traits studied included number of tillers, height, leaf length and width, panicles per plant, days to flowering, panicle length, seed set, seed production, and weight of 100 seeds. Genetic differences were found among the progeny of the seven hybrids. Differences were also found between plants derived from large- and small-seed lots within families. Plants descended from larger seed had better growth and seed-related characteristics, which resulted in more desirable plants. These hexaploid hybrids showed potential for direct seeding into the field for biomass or forage production. 相似文献
4.
Genetic mapping and QTL analysis of fruit and flower related traits in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) using recombinant inbred lines 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
X. J. Yuan J. S. Pan R. Cai Y. Guan L. Z. Liu W. W. Zhang Z. Li H. L. He C. Zhang L. T. Si L. H. Zhu 《Euphytica》2008,164(2):473-491
A set of 224 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a narrow cross between two fresh eaten types (S94 (Northern China
type) × S06 (Northern European type)) (Cucumis sativus L.) was used to construct a genetic linkage map. With the RILs a 257-point genetic map was constructed including 206 SRAPs,
22 SSRs, 25 SCARs, 1 STS, and three economically important morphological markers (small spines (ss), uniform immature fruit color (u), dull fruit skin (D)). The seven linkage groups covered 1005.9 cM with a mean marker interval of 3.9 cM. The ss locus was linked to D and u, and they were all on Linkage group 6. The RIL map contained a total of 51 sequence-specific markers, which made possible
the comparison of molecular linkage maps developed in different laboratories. Using the F6:7 derived families, a total of 78 QTLs were detected with relatively high LOD scores (2.9–84.4) for nine fruit-related traits
(fruit weight, length, and diameter, fruit flesh thickness, seed-cavity diameter, fruit-stalk length, fruit pedicel length,
length/diameter and length/stalk ratio) and three flower-related traits (first flower node, first female flower node and female
flower ratios). Several sequence-anchor markers (CSWCT25, CS30, CMBR41, CS08 etc.) were closely linked with some QTLs for
fruit weight, fruit length, fruit flesh thickness and sex expression, which can be used for the future marker-assisted selection
to improve the fruit traits in cucumber breeding.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
X. J. Yuan and J. S. Pan contributed equally to this investigation. 相似文献
5.
Jaime Prohens Mariola Plazas María D. Raigón José M. Seguí-Simarro John R. Stommel Santiago Vilanova 《Euphytica》2012,186(2):517-538
Common (Solanum melongena L.) and scarlet (S. aethiopicum L.) eggplants are cultivated for their fruits and form part of the same genepool. We have studied plant and fruit characteristics, pollen viability and seed set, phenolics content, and fruit flesh browning in accessions of S. melongena and S. aethiopicum Kumba group, as well as interspecific hybrids between these species and first backcross generations to each parental species. Respective genotypes were also characterized with seven polymorphic SSR markers. The results demonstrate that many differences exist for plant and fruit morphology among S. melongena, S. aethiopicum and the interspecific hybrids. The latter are very vigorous and generally intermediate between the two parents, except for fruit size which is smaller (and parthenocarpic due to a high pollen sterility) than those of any of the parents. Backcross progenies also exhibited morphological variation with moderate heritability values for the attributes evaluated. Variation for fruit size was present in the backcross generations but fruits were small resulting in little variation for fruit shape. Backcross plants with moderate fertility produced seeded fruits. Primary hybrids had fruit phenolics content similar to that of S. aethiopicum, the parent with lowest phenolics concentration, and were heterotic for fruit flesh browning. Backcross progenies were quite variable for both traits. SSR markers did not reveal segregation distortion in the backcross generations for these interspecific hybrids. The results demonstrate that generations derived from sexual interspecific hybridization can be a powerful tool for S. melongena and S. aethiopicum Kumba group breeding. 相似文献
6.
Summary The effect of self-pollination of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) for 6 generations in lines developed from the North Carolina Medium Base Pickle population was determined by regression of trait expression for each generation on Wright's coefficient of inbreeding. Two yield traits (total and marketable), earliness and 3 fruit quality traits (shape, color and seedcell size) were evaluated in 2 environments (spring and summer, 1983). The regression did not result in significant negative slopes, indicating that inbreeding depression was not important in the population for the traits studied. Midparent heterosis was found for most traits in many hybrids obtained from crossing S6 lines with the gynoecious inbred line, Gy 14A. 相似文献
7.
Inheritance mode of fruit traits in melon: Heterosis for fruit shape and its correlation with genetic distance 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Fruit quality traits were studied in 12 exotic accessions and their hybrids with a “Piel de Sapo” inodorus melon cultivar.
The genetic relationships among these genotypes were assessed with 16 microsatellite markers, which agreed with the classification
of Cucumis callosus, C. pubescens and C. trigonus as accessions within C. melo. There were very large differences between all the exotic accessions and “Piel de Sapo” genotype for fruit traits. When the
hybrids were analysed, three different situations regarding mid parent heterosis were found, depending on the trait: no heterosis
(soluble solid concentration), highly variable, from negative to positive (fruit weight and fruit diameter) and general positive
heterosis (ovary shape, fruit length and fruit shape). Best parent heterosis for fruit shape was also common among hybrids.
A highly significant correlation (r = 0.81) was detected between fruit shape and fruit length heterosis, suggesting that fruit shape heterosis is caused mainly
by the enlargement of the fruit longitudinally. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.84) between heterosis for fruit shape and genetic distance, as estimated with microsatellites, was also found. These
results, together with the previously reported observation that melon fruit shape is polygenic and highly heritable, makes
the genetics of melon fruit shape a suitable system for dissecting the genetic and molecular basis of heterosis. 相似文献
8.
Summary Wheat root characters which influence vital plant processes have scarcely been explored for their genetic control. This study was conducted to i) examine the diversity of root traits and associated shoot traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars; ii) study the nature of genetic control of selected traits; and iii) examine associations among root and shoot traits. Three experiments were conducted in the greenhouse with plants grown in the vermiculite medium in clear plastic tubes. In the first experiment, 42 spring wheat cultivars were grown for three weeks and measurements were taken on root length, leaf length, root number, leaf number, root dry weight, and top dry weight. In the second study, 15F1's originating from a partial diallel mating of six cultivars along with the parents were evaluated for 4 weeks. The data on root length, leaf length, and root number were subjected to diallel analysis according to Griffing's method 4, fixed model. A third experiment consisted of studying 2 F2 populations with 141 plants per population. In the first study the 42 cultivars exhibited a wide range of variation for all six traits. Diallel analysis revealed significant effects of both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for root length, leaf length, and root number. Parents with high GCA estimates were identified. Significant positive correlation coefficients were found among root and shoot traits. Analysis of F2's for root length indicated quantitative nature of inheritance of root length. 相似文献
9.
Plants were regenerated from intergeneric somatic hybridization between embryogenic protoplasts of Microcitrus papuana Swingle and leaf-derived protoplasts of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) via electrofusion. The regenerated plants were morphologically similar to the leaf parent in growth vigor, leaf and branch
structure. FCM analysis showed that they were diploids. Simple-sequence-repeat (SSR) and cleaved-amplified-polymorphic-sequence(CAPS)
were employed for hybridity characterization. SSR banding patterns of the regenerated plants were identical to the leaf parent,
sour orange, indicating that they possessed nuclear component derived from sour orange. DNA amplification with chloroplast
and mitochondrial universal primers, followed by restriction endonuclease digestion, revealed polymorphism between the fusion
parents. Therefore, this method was used to determine the cytoplasmic compositions of the regenerated plants. Banding patterns
for all the polymorphic primer/enzyme combinations of the regenerated plants were similar to those of the embryogenic parent,
M. papuana, suggesting that only the cytoplasmic components derived from the embryogenic parent were present in the regenerated plants.
FCM, SSR and CAPS demonstrated that intergeneric diploid cybrids have been successfully obtained by symmetric fusion. Related
results concerning nuclear and cytoplasmic composition of previous diploid somatic hybrids and potential mechanism for regeneration
of such kind of plants are discussed herein.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
11.
为科学评价国内肉用老南瓜品种,对参展的41个肉用老南瓜品种的始花期、第一坐瓜节位、果长、把长、茎粗、节间长、最大叶纵横径、单果重、果肉厚、可溶性固形物含量等主要植物学性状进行了多样性、相关性和聚类分析。结果表明:41个肉用老南瓜品种在把长、单果重、果长、肉厚等性状上变异幅度较大,在始花期性状上变异幅度较小;各性状之间均存在显著或者极显著的相关性。聚类分析表明41个老南瓜品种可以分为3组,其中第1组在多个性状上优于第2、3组群,但各组间及组内品种间的相似性较高。研究结果为老南瓜育种的优良性状选择和亲本选用提供了依据。 相似文献
12.
Summary The inheritance of commercially important characters in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) was investigated using a complete 5×5 varietal diallel cross. Estimates of the genetic components of variance and broad and narrow-sense heritabilities revealed that additive genetic effects were greater than nonadditive genetic effects for resistance to powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca mors-uvae Berk.), white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola Fisher) and leaf spot (Drepanopeziza ribis Kleb.) as well as for bush defoliation and length of strigs. Apart from resistance to leaf spot, narrow-sense heritabilities of these characters exceeded 0.5.Nonadditive genetic effects were greater than additive effects for plant habit, plant vigor, bush size, length of one-year-old shoots, uniformity of berry ripening and fruit yield per bush. Narrow-sense heritabilities of these characters were rather low (0.05–0.42). 相似文献
13.
Summary A total of 749 genotypes from a number of white clover (trifolium repens L.) cultivars and populations, many collected from dryland areas, were cloned and grown in field titles. Several morphological characters, including leaf size, number and diameter of large nodal roots (taproots), and proportion of root weight that was classified as taproot were measured. There was large variation between lines and genotypes for all characters measured, and differences between genotypes within lines are also reported. Broad sense heritability estimates were higher (>0.5) for leaflet width, petiole length and stolon diameter, than for all root character heritability estimates which were between 0.2 and 0.4. 相似文献
14.
J. Encheva H. Köhler W. Friedt F. Tsvetkova P. Ivanov V. Encheva P. Shindrova 《Euphytica》2003,130(2):167-175
Immature zygotic embryos from the American fertility restorer line RHA-857 were used as donor material for induction of direct
organogenesis in sunflower (Helianthusannuus L.). The range of spontaneous somaclonal variation among the progenies of regenerants was studied. The genetic modifications
observed in regenerants included agronomic traits such as oil content in seed, 1000 seed weight, plant height, leaf width,
leaf length, petiole length, internode length, head diameter, number of branches, length of branches, number of ray florets,
seed width, seed length, and seed thickness. RAPD molecular analysis carried out on sunflower materials in the R-11 generation
showed the absence of a specific 358 bp band in somaclonal line 11/2/51 R. This line showed a modified architecture, full
resistance to Phomopsis helianthiand higher oil content in seed in comparison to the standard RHA-857. Line31/3/53 R was with modified architecture and higher
1000 seed weight. Hybrid No. 144 produced with the participation of somaclonal line 20/5/52 R demonstrated high production
capacity, shorter vegetation period and reduced height. The combination of these favourable changes is desirable in breeding
work on sunflower. Somaclonal variation through director ganogenesis has facilitated the creation of genetically heritable
variation in sunflower, which can be used with great success for hybrid seed production of highly productive hybrids.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Interspecific hybridization offers potential to improve the hydroxy fatty acid (HFA) content of lesquerella. Lesquerella fendleri is currently being developed for cultivation as a potential new industrial oilseed crop because of its seed productivity. However, it has lower HFA content compared to L. pallida and L. lindheimeri. The objectives of this research were to improve the HFA oil content of L. fenderi through interspecific hybridization and to characterize hybrids and successive generations for seed oil fatty acid profile, fertility, seed set and other morphological traits. In this work, three species were successfully hybridized, self-pollinated, and backcrossed. Ovule culture was used in some cases to produce progeny where interspecific hybrids did not produce viable embryos. The traits measured were petal length, ovules per silique, seeds per silique, and weight of 1000 seed. Patterns of leaf trichomes were used to distinguish between parents and hybrids. Seed per silique indicated that autofertility occurred in L. pallida but not in the other two species. HFA oil content of L. fendleri seed were 50.5% compared to 80 and 84% for L. pallida and L. lindheimeri, respectively. The HFA oil content of the hybrids ranged from 57 to 70% in A2 and A3 generations, and the range of values depended on the parents used in the crosses. These measurements will help predict the value of different interspecific crosses for breeding. Segregation for various yield related traits should allow selection for favorable improvements in the HFA trait and in seed yield. 相似文献
16.
Summary Three Cucumis sativus L. (CS) lines adapted to USA growing conditions were used as female parents in crosses to one line each of seven Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (R.) Alef. (CH) accessions used as male parents to determine the relative combining ability of the CH accessions for six horticultural characters. The 21 F1 progenies were grown in a randomized complete block design in two locations and evaluated for fruit number, lateral branch number, fruit length, fruit length/diameter ratio, number of female flowering nodes, and days to anthesis. General combining ability (GCA) was significant for all characters in each location. Specific combining ability (SCA) was significant for all characters except days to anthesis in one location and lateral branch number in both locations. Significant location × combining ability interactions were also evident for several characters. Results suggest that CH may be useful for improving fruit yield in commercial cucumber, but that limitations may lie in the attainment of acceptable fruit.Research supported by the College of Agric. and Life Sci., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison; USDA, ARS, and by funds from Pickle Packers Intl., Inc. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee of warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply its improval to the exclusion of the other products or vendors that may also be suitable. 相似文献
17.
Genetic linkage map construction and location of QTLs for fruit-related traits in cucumber 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
X. J. Yuan X. Z. Li J. S. Pan G. Wang S. Jiang X. H. Li S. L. Deng H. L. He M. X. Si L. Lai A. Z. Wu L. H. Zhu R. Cai 《Plant Breeding》2008,127(2):180-188
A 173‐point genetic linkage map of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), consisting of 116 SRAPs, 33 RAPDs, 11 SSRs, 9 SCARs, 3 ISSRs, and 1 STS, was constructed using 130 F2 progeny derived from a narrow cross between line S94 (Northern China open‐field type) and line S06 (greenhouse European type). The seven linkage groups spanned 1016 cM with a mean marker interval of 5.9 cM. Using the F2 population and its F3 derived families, a total of 38 QTLs were detected on five linkage groups with an LOD threshold of 3.0 for nine fruit‐related traits: fruit weight, length, and diameter, fruit flesh thickness, seed‐cavity diameter, fruit‐stalk length, fruit pedicel length, length/diameter and length/stalk ratio. Of the identified QTLs, fsl4.3 for fruit‐stalk length explained the largest portion of phenotypic variation (r2 = ～30%). Several QTLs were detected in the same linkage region in different generations and different seasons. Additionally, several QTLs for various fruit traits were mapped to the same or neighbouring marker intervals, suggesting they are possible character associations for controlling cucumber fruit development. 相似文献
18.
Summary Plantain (Musa spp., AAB group) cultivation is threatened by black sigatoka, an airborne fungal (Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet) leaf spot disease. Several traits in plantains and bananas are mainly affected by major genes. The host resistance response to black sigatoka is under the control of at least three different genes, one major recessive gene bs
1 and two other independent additive alleles. Diploid and tetraploid plantain hybrids were evaluated for bunch weight, fruit weight, fruit length and fruit circumference. The F1 euploid hybrids were derived from interspecific crosses between the resistant diploid wild banana Calcutta 4 and the susceptible triploid plantain cultivars Obino l'Ewai and Bobby Tannap. Linear and multiple regression models, coefficients of determination, and Durbin-Watson statistics were used to determine the single and combined effects of the major locus for black sigatoka resistance and ploidy on the different traits in the progenies. Differences in yield were mainly due to changes in weight and girth of fruit, which are affected by black sigatoka disease. The combined effect of ploidy and resistance to black sigatoka was partially responsible for the quantitative trait variation in yield. As a result of the gene interaction in the black sigatoka resistance locus bs
1, the partially resistant and less susceptible phenotypes showed higher yield than their more susceptible full sibs. 相似文献
19.
G. Figliuolo V. Candido G. Logozzo V. Miccolis P.L. Spagnoletti Zeuli 《Euphytica》2001,121(3):325-334
Garlic cultivated in rural farms of South Italy is often a heterogeneous clone population, which can comprise different cytotypes.
A collection of cultivated garlic from the University of Basilicata gene-bank, was evaluated for ploidy level, and 16 different
morphological traits. Out of50 accessions, 7 were hexaploids (Allium ampeloprasum L.) and43 diploids (Allium sativum L.). Significant differences in yield were observed within and between ploidy levels. The heritable traits most correlated
with yield were plant height (h2 = 0.62) within diploid types and neck diameter (h2 = 0.75) within hexaploids. Discriminant analysis did show that four characters (leaf basal width, total n° of leaves, clove diameter and neck height) were able to correctly discriminate all germ plasm accessions between the two
species.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
Summary Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has a long history of obligate vegetative propagation. In this study, isozyme and morphological characters were analyzed for 110 diverse clones of garlic and the proposed progenitor species, A. longicuspis. The clones displayed 17 different electrophoretic phenotypes, which were associated with morphological traits. An isozyme-based phenetic tree was contructed to explain the possible relationships of various garlic clones and A. longicuspis. The lack of unique isozyme and morphological characters of A. longicuspis suggests an artificial species separation. 相似文献