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绵羊规模化胚胎移植试验效果与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用2 个绵羊品种（德克赛尔和道赛特）作为供体羊,采用当地的小尾寒羊作为受体羊,进行规模化胚胎移植试验研究,以探索规模化胚胎移植的效果。通过供体羊的超数排卵、人工授精、采胚以及受体羊的同期发情和胚胎移植等,研究结果表明：供体母羊的平均可用胚胎数和可用胚胎率受供体公羊的影响;移植1 枚鲜胚可获得68.1%的妊娠率、移植2 枚鲜胚可获得71.9%的妊娠率的效果;移植2 枚冻胚可获得43.2%的妊娠率的效果。同时移植2枚胚胎的受体羊能获得51%以上的双羔率。 相似文献
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将分选X型冻精与常规冻精品质进行比较,结果显示:分离x精子精液密度、活率、存活指数等各方面均明显低于常规冻精(P0.05);使用分选X型冻精4支进行体内受精胚胎生产,结果显示:对排卵数小于17枚的供体母牛进行体内受精胚胎生产效果良好,大于17枚则部分未受精;分选X型冻精奶牛鲜胚双胚移植与分选X型冻精奶牛鲜胚单胚移植进行比较,结果显示:性控奶牛鲜胚双胚移植与单胚移植产犊率差异不大,双胚移植经济效益较高;分选X型冻精与常规冻精所产母犊比较,结果显示:性控胚胎移植所产犊牛出生时和60日龄时体重与常规冻精所产犊牛差异不显著(P0.05)。 相似文献
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为了充分挖掘进口乳肉兼用牛弗莱维赫的繁殖潜力,探寻在北京地区饲养的乳肉兼用牛超数排卵的可行性方案,实现快速建立核心群的目标,在春季(3月份)和秋季(9月份)对同一牛群进行2次超排处理,2次超排程序相同,超排用药量主要依据其体重与营养状况。结果表明:春季的头均可用胚数和妊娠率分别为(5.33±1.51)枚、81.82%,秋季的头均可用胚数和妊娠率分别为(6.00±1.83)枚、69.57%,二者之间差异不显著(P0.05)。经产牛在春季、秋季的头均可用胚数分别为(6.50±2.21)、(5.33±0.58)枚,二者之间差异不显著(P0.05)。育成牛在春季、秋季头均可用胚胎数分别为(5.75±1.26)、(4.50±2.38)枚,二者之间差异不显著(P0.05)。该试验方案可用于北京地区不同胎次弗莱维赫牛的超数排卵,超排季节可选春季或秋季。 相似文献
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影响西门塔尔牛超数排卵效果的因素研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为探讨影响西门塔尔牛超数排卵效果的因素,提高供体母牛利用率,加速胚胎移植技术产业化。以头均回收胚数和头均可用胚数为主要技术指标,在湖北和内蒙古乌拉盖进行超排试验,比较经产牛与青年牛、中科院产与加拿大产FSH两种不同超排方案及不同季节等因素对超排效果的影响。结果表明：（1）在农区,青年母牛的头均回收胚数和头均可用胚数分别为9.8、7.5枚,经产母牛分别为7.5、4.2枚,青年母牛显著高于经产母牛(P<0.05);在牧区,青年母牛头均回收胚数和可用胚数分别为10.3、8.4枚,经产母牛分别为8.0、5.5枚,青年母牛显著高于经产母牛 (P<0.05)。（2）在农区,使用中科院产FSH的头均回收胚数和可用胚数分别为8.0、4.8枚,使用加拿大产FSH分别为9.0、5.9枚,中科院产FSH与加拿大产FSH之间差异不显著(P>0.05);在牧区,使用中科院产FSH头均回收胚数和可用胚数分别为8.8、5.5枚,使用加拿大产FSH分别为9.5、6.5枚,中科院产FSH与加拿大产FSH之间差异亦不显著(P>0.05)。（3）在牧区,方案A(FSH+PG)的头均回收胚数和可用胚数分别为7.5、4.8枚,方案B(CIDR+E2+P4+FSH+PG)分别为10.5、8.0枚,方案B显著高于方案A (P<0.05);在农区,方案A的头均回收胚数和可用胚数分别为7.0、4.2枚,方案B分别为9.6、7.1枚,方案B亦显著高于方案A (P<0.05)。（4）在牧区,夏季的头均回收胚数和可用胚数分别为9.6、7.5枚,春季分别为6.0、3.5枚,夏季显著高于春季(P<0.05);在农区,春季的头均回收胚数和可用胚数分别为8.2、5.4枚,秋季分别为9.0、6.7枚,春季与秋季之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论：（1）青年母牛可作为供体牛的首选;（2）中科院产FSH能获得好的超排效果,且价格便宜,应为超排首选;（3）CIDR+E2+P4+FSH+PG法的超排效果优于FSH+PG法,前者为首选超排方案;（4）牧区应在夏季超排,农区应在春季和秋季超排。 相似文献
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不同处理方法对波尔山羊胚胎移植效果的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
为了提高波尔山羊繁殖力，应用两种处理方法对波尔山羊进行了同期发情及超数排卵研究。结果表明：两种处理方法（PG-FSH法与CIDR-FSH法）对波尔山羊的同期发情率无显著差异（P>0.05），波尔山羊同期发情率达到92.5%；CIDR-FSH法处理的供体卵巢上的平均黄体数及平均采卵数均显著高于（P<0.05）PG-FSH法，而两者的平均获胚数与平均可用胚数差异不显著（P>0.05），说明CIDR-FSH法对波尔山羊的超排处理效果要优于PG-FSH法。试验还表明，移胚数量对受体妊娠率无显著影响（P>0.05），而对受体产羔率有极显著（P<0.01）的影响。移植双胚可以提高受体的产羔率。 相似文献
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波尔山羊胚胎克隆的研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
以波尔山羊早期胚胎卵裂球作为核供体进行核移植,比较受体卵母细胞来源以及不同发育阶段胚胎的卵裂球对核移植重构胚的融合率的影响,研究Vero细胞对重构胚体外发育的影响,检测重构胚发育成为个体的能力。结果表明:以体内成熟和体外成熟卵母细胞做核移植受体,重组卵的融合率分别为85.7%和88.7%,二者之间差异不显著(P>0.05);以来源于8,16,32细胞阶段的卵裂球做核供体,重组卵的融合率分别为91.6%,86%,89.2%,三者之间差异不显著(P>0.05);融合后的重构胚与Vero细胞单层共培养,卵裂率65.5%和桑椹胚率32.7%均高于单纯TCM199培养的53.1%和10.6%(P<0.05);移植18枚融合后的重构胚于2只受体山羊输卵管,结果未获得妊娠;移植经体内培养得到的3枚桑椹胚于受体山羊子宫内,获得妊娠1只,总体的妊娠率为33%(1/3),怀孕的受体羊维持妊娠到期,产下1只母羔,初生重3.45 kg,一周岁时体重达到42.5 kg。通过自然交配产下一对波尔山羊羔。 相似文献
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胚龄对Dorper羊冷冻胚胎移植效果的影响研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过胚胎移植技术 ,将 4胚龄、 5胚龄、 6胚龄、 7胚龄Dorper羊冷冻胚胎共计 1 1 9枚移植到 1 1 9只中国优秀地方绵羊品种—小尾寒羊体内 ,观察统计不同胚龄冷冻胚胎的移植妊娠率。以产羔记录统计的 4胚龄、 5胚龄、 6胚龄、 7胚龄冷冻胚胎的移植妊娠率分别为 4 3 75 %、6 5 1 2 %、 6 3 6 4%和 4 5 4 5 %。该试验结果表明 ,胚胎发育阶段即胚龄对冷冻胚胎移植效果具有明显影响。 相似文献
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Summary Callus culture of immature wheat-rye hybrid embryos was compared with embryo culture in two experiments. Embryos were rescued from field grown mother plants at two day intervals 13–21 days after pollination and plated for 1) callus culture on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 2 mg/12,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid followed by plant regeneration on hormone free MS medium with half strength mineral salts, 2) embryo culture on Taira and Larter medium (TL). Observations were made on embryo size and condition at time of rescue (Experiment 1) and embryo development directly into plants (embryo culture) or through embryogenesis (callus culture). Fewer 19 and 21 day old embryos developed into plants from callus culture than from embryo culture in Experiment 1. Callus culture was more efficient than embryo culture in promoting plant recovery from 17 day old embryos in Experiment 2. The number of plants per embryo was significantly higher from callus culture than from embryo culture. In both experiments callus culture promoted embryogenesis in more embryos than developed in embryo culture. Embryo rescue 15–17 days after pollination was optimal in both experiments. 相似文献
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Summary The 6×6×4 analysis of variance of the mean percentage embryo survival for six variegated cultivars of Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey, with mutant plastids in their germ layers, and for their isogenic green (G) clones, shows highly significant differences between females (81 to 91 per cent) and between plastid crosses (83 to 91 per cent). Between cultivar differences are attributed largely to additive effects corresponding to additive gene action, and between plastid differences to a lower survival after crosses with white (W) males than with green males. The relationship between overall fertility (% fertilization × survival) and plastid crosses is a stepwise decline in the order G×G>G×W>W×G>W×W (28 to 19 per cent) in which the white embryos growing in a white mother are approximately 30 per cent less fertile than the green embryos in a green mother. The non-surviving embryos are classified into empty, undeveloped and dwarf embryos and submitted to a 6×4 analysis of variance after summing through males. The significant heterogeneity between females is attributed largely to a difference between one cultivar-with a high frequency of dwarf and a low frequency of undeveloped embryos-and the other five cultivars. The absence of a significant plastid effect upon any stage of embryo breakdown indicates that the depressive effect of white plastids is spread evenly throughout development. 相似文献
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Summary The plant breeders usually rescue inherently weak, immature or hybrid embryos to prevent degeneration. The successful production of plants from the cultured embryos largely depends upon the maturation stage and the composition of the medium. Abortion of embryos at one or the other stage of development is a characteristic feature of distant hybridization. For the first time successful embryo culture to obtain an interspecific cross between Linum perenne × L. austriacum was demonstrated by Laibach (1925, 1929). Since then several refinements have been made in embryo culture/embryo rescue techniques which have been a popular approach for raising hybrids from a number of incompatible crosses. Currently embryo rescue holds great promise not only for effecting wide crosses, but also for obtaining plants from inherently weak embryos, obtaining haploid plants as well as for shortening the breeding cycle. 相似文献
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Callus induction and plant regeneration from immature and mature embryos of winter durum wheat genotypes 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Seven genotypes of winter durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were cultured to establish an efficient method of callus formation and plant regeneration from mature embryo culture, and to compare the responses of immature and mature embryo cultures. Immature embryos were aseptically dissected from seeds and placed, with the scutellum upwards, in dishes containing Murashige and Skoog's (MS) mineral salts and 2mg 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) per litre. Calli and regenerated plants were maintained on 2,4-D-free medium. Mature embryos were moved slightly on the imbibed seeds. For callus formation, the seeds with moved embryos were placed, furrow downwards, in dishes containing 8 mg 2,4-D per litre. The developed calli and regenerated plants were maintained on the MS medium. Plants regenerated from both embryo cultures were vernalized and grown to maturity in soil. Variability was observed among the wheat genotypes tested for various culture responses in both explant cultures. Callus induction rate and regeneration capacity of callus were independent of each other. Mature embryos have a low frequency of callus induction but a high regeneration capacity. Considering availability, rapidity and reliability, this form of mature embryo culture can be used as an alternative method for immature embryo culture. 相似文献
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Main Factors Affecting Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Haploid Embryo Development and Haploid Plant Characteristics 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
This report gives the first detailed analysis of cucumber haploid plants and the first evaluation of genotype and season effects on haploid embryo development. Female flowers of four F1 varieties and two inbred lines were pollinated with 300 Gy-treated pollen and three-week old embryos were cultured in vitro on E20A medium. The variety ‘Polan’ produced the greatest number of embryos (1.34 per 100 seeds), 51 % of which were capable of further development. The number of embryos able to develop was four times higher in summer than in spring. All the plants obtained, except one, were haploids or aneuhaploids. Haploid plants grew slowly and were sterile, although they occasionally set seedless fruits. The length of the stems, leaves and guard cells was smaller than those of diploids. 相似文献
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花生体细胞胚诱导及植株再生研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为了建立花生体细胞胚诱导及植株再生体系,为花生分子育种提供技术支撑,以花生品种‘桂花30’和‘桂花771’为材料,采用预培养3天的种子胚小叶、下胚轴、子叶节为外植体,在添加外源激素的MS培养基中使体细胞脱分化形成体细胞胚,再分化成植株。结果表明,在所设定2,4-D浓度（3,5,10,15,20 mg/L）范围内,胚小叶最容易诱导形成体细胞胚,2,4-D的适宜浓度为10 mg/L,经过约30天培养,可产生大量体细胞胚,‘桂花30’和‘桂花771’的平均诱导率分别为55.37%和36.72%。平均每个外植体产胚量分别为5.68个和4.27个。将诱导形成的体细胞胚转接到6-BA浓度由5 mg/L逐渐降低到1.5 mg/L的MS培养基中,体细胞胚萌发再生成无根小苗,正常植株再生率‘桂花30’为32.6%,‘桂花771’为23.5%。将无根苗转接到生根培养基中可获得完整植株。花生是较难诱导体细胞胚形成的作物之一,筛选合适的基因型、外植体和激素浓度是获得较高体细胞胚发生率和植株再生率的关键技术。 相似文献
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High Frequencies of Fertilization and Haploid Seedling Production in Crosses Between Commercial Hexaploid Wheat Varieties and Maize 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Nineteen commercial hexaploid wheat varieties were crossed with the maize F1 hybrid ‘Seneca 60’. Fertilization frequencies ranged from 32.1 % to 47.5 % of pollinated florets (mean 39.5 %) in the 14 winter wheat varieties and from 40.7 % to 51.4 % (mean 47.8 %) in the five spring wheat varieties. In some cases only an endosperm was formed and the frequencies of embryo formation were therefore slightly lower, being 28.2 % to 45.9 % (mean 36.4 %) for winter wheats and 39.8 % to 48.6 % (mean 45.1 %) for spring wheats. Mean values were significantly higher in the spring wheats but no significant variation was found between varieties within the spring or winter categories. In the five spring wheats the mean yield of embryos, and hence the potential yield of haploid plants, was 3.4-fold higher than with the tetraploid Hordeum bulbosum clone PB179. For the 14 winter wheats the figure was 10.9-fold higher. These differences were highly significant (p < 0.001) in all varieties. A single 2,4-D treatment given to spikes one day after pollination with maize enabled embryos to be recovered from all 19 varieties. A total of 311 embryos were recovered from 950 florets (an average of 7.3 embryos per spike) of which 191 germinated, giving an average yield of one haploid plant for every 5.0 florets pollinated (4.4 haploid plants per spike). 相似文献
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季节对放牧条件下安格斯和海福特肉牛超数排卵的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用放置CIDR和FSH-PG注射法,于2004年5至6月和8至9月间对进口的安格斯和海福特肉牛进行超数排卵研究,并对安格斯和海福特肉牛随机分组。通过对超排有效率、平均采胚数、平均可用胚数、胚胎可利用率和A、B级胚胎在可用胚胎中的比率进行统计,结果为草原放牧条件下,5至6月间安格斯肉牛平均采胚数为10.78枚,平均可用胚数为5.75枚,其中平均A级胚胎数为4.52枚,海福特肉牛的平均采胚数为12.18枚,平均可用胚数为7.86枚,其中平均A级胚胎数为6.5枚。在8至9月间安格斯肉牛平均采胚数为12.55枚,平均可用胚数为8.14枚,其中平均A级胚胎数为6.62枚,海福特肉牛平均采胚数为10.25枚,平均可用胚数为5.75枚,其中平均A级胚胎数为4.32枚。研究证实海福特肉牛的适宜超排季节为5至6月份,安格斯肉牛适宜超排季节为8至9月份。 相似文献
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The efficiency of 14 commercial cultivars of melon (Cucumis melo L.) for callus induction, plant regeneration and somatic embryogenesis under different photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs) (150 or 50μmol m?2 s?1) was investigated. Cotyledonal explants were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented either with 9.0 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 23.2μM kinetin or with 0.05 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.26 μM 6-benzyladenine for the induction of somatic embryogenesis and shoots, respectively. For embryo maturation and root induction, growing callus tissues were transferred on growth regulator-free MS medium. Both genotype and the intensity of light significantly affected the rate of somatic embryo-genesis, embryo maturation and plant regeneration. On average, 12–47 primary globular-stage embryos were produced per mm2 of explant surface. Fully developed, cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos were obtained from only three cultivars. Relatively high root induction rates were observed both on the shoot induction medium (11 cultivars) and on growth regulator-free medium (seven cultivars). In contrast, only six cultivars responded positively to the shoot induction treatment. Callus growth and somatic embryogenesis were significantly improved if cultures were incubated under higher PPFD values, although plant regeneration from all cultivars was significantly reduced under the same conditions. 相似文献