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1.
《植物检疫》2019,(5)
西花蓟马是危害蔬菜、花卉等植物的世界性入侵害虫,本文研究了西花蓟马入侵后银川设施辣椒上的蓟马种群动态,为深入了解西花蓟马和花蓟马的种群竞争关系及其发生态势提供依据。本研究通过大量采集银川设施辣椒蓟马、制作玻片标本进行显微镜观察鉴定,以及通过室内西花蓟马与花蓟马两个种群混合饲养和单种群饲养研究,明确了银川设施辣椒上西花蓟马和花蓟马的发生分布情况、种群竞争及发生趋势。结果表明:银川设施辣椒上西花蓟马种群数量明显占优势,占总量的73.62%,极显著多于花蓟马种群数量;两种群单独生存并经过一个世代,两种群的虫口数量和雌性比均无显著差异;两个种群混合饲养条件下,西花蓟马种群虫口数量和雌性比均略高于花蓟马。分析表明,共存时西花蓟马具有较强的竞争能力,对银川设施辣椒本土蓟马种群造成较大威胁,为做好该虫的预测预报及有效控制奠定基础。 相似文献
2.
温度对西花蓟马、花蓟马存活和繁殖的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
在室内研究了19、22、25、28和31℃条件下两种蓟马在辣椒上的存活率、成虫寿命、繁殖力及生命参数,以揭示温度对入侵害虫西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis和本地害虫花蓟马Frankliniellaintonsa的影响。结果显示,在19～31℃范围内两种蓟马雌、雄成虫寿命均随温度的升高而缩短,内禀增长率随温度的升高而增大,西花蓟马和花蓟马皆是在31℃时最高,分别为0.1347和0.1822。两种蓟马的种群趋势指数及净增殖率与温度之间呈曲线关系。在相同温度条件下,西花蓟马在各温度下的存活率高于花蓟马,但内禀增长率低于花蓟马。西花蓟马的繁殖力、种群趋势指数及净增值率在22℃时最高,花蓟马在25℃时最高。两种蓟马对温度的适应能力不同,22℃是西花蓟马的最适温度,而25℃更适合于花蓟马。 相似文献
3.
为明确不同外源因子对菜豆的诱导抗性及对西花蓟马的影响, 研究了茉莉酸、水杨酸甲酯、西花蓟马为害、机械损伤诱导处理的菜豆对西花蓟马生长发育和种群动态的影响。结果表明外源茉莉酸、水杨酸甲酯、西花蓟马为害处理菜豆植株显著延长了西花蓟马未成熟期的发育时间, 较健康植株分别延长4.72、2.87和4.95 d, 也造成西花蓟马的存活率不同程度的下降。西花蓟马在机械损伤处理和健康植株发育时间差异不显著。不同处理均使西花蓟马种群数量明显下降, 并且茉莉酸的抑制作用最明显。因此, 外源茉莉酸和水杨酸甲酯诱导的菜豆可对西花蓟马生长发育和种群动态产生不同程度的影响, 且茉莉酸的诱导抗性要优于水杨酸甲酯。本结果对探索西花蓟马的防治新策略有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
4.
辣椒开花对西花蓟马种群的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国植保导刊》2018,(11)
为揭示寄主植物开花与否对西花蓟马种群增长的作用,研究了辣椒是否有花对不同密度下西花蓟马种群数量的影响。结果显示,开花辣椒上的西花蓟马种群数量明显高于无花辣椒,在接入30头/株密度下,7 d、14 d、21 d和28 d 4个时间段开花辣椒上西花蓟马种群数量分别是未开花的2.3倍、1.5倍、1.8倍和2.5倍;15头/株密度下,开花辣椒上种群数量是未开花的2.0倍、1.3倍、1.5倍和1.7倍。结果表明,开花的辣椒植株对西花蓟马种群数量的增长有明显的促进作用。 相似文献
5.
入侵种西花蓟马与本地近缘种花蓟马的双基因鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
快速准确的害虫种类识别是有效筛选天敌昆虫开展靶向性生物防控的关键。入侵种西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis与本地种花蓟马F.intonsa常同域同期同种寄主上发生,因体型小、形态相似,难以快速准确鉴定。本研究以mt DNA COI与r DNA ITS2基因为标记对我国10个采样点的西花蓟马和花蓟马开展分子鉴定研究。结果显示,当以COI或ITS2基因为靶标时,西花蓟马与花蓟马间的平均遗传距离分别为0.221和0.113,是种内遗传距离的22.1和18.8倍,且种内、种间遗传距离间无重叠,并在系统发育树上聚为独立的分支,表明2种基因均可准确区分西花蓟马和花蓟马。此外,基于COI基因构建的系统发育树,西花蓟马的各单倍型聚为了2个亚分支,并分别对应温室品系和羽扇豆品系,表明COI基因还可用于西花蓟马品系的识别鉴定。研究结果对近缘种花蓟马的快速鉴定、专食性天敌昆虫的筛选,及其生防效果评价具有重要意义。 相似文献
6.
西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)是一种世界性的入侵害虫,近年来传入我国并迅速扩散蔓延,持续监测广州市输入性花卉中蓟马的种类组成及种群动态,对西花蓟马的早期监测预警具有重要的意义。2011年4月-2013年7月对广州市岭南花卉市场玫瑰、百合、康乃馨三种输入性花卉的蓟马种类及种群动态进行系统调查,利用用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对蓟马若虫的表皮碳氢化合物进行分析。结果表明:广州地区输入性花卉上蓟马包括西花蓟马F.occidentalis、烟蓟马Thrips tabaci、花蓟马F.intonsa、黄蓟马T.flavidulus 4种,其中西花蓟马是蓟马优势种,而康乃馨是携带西花蓟马的主要花卉品种。西花蓟马在康乃馨上常年发生,成虫种群消长呈单峰型,高峰期在6-8月,冬季最少。此外,康乃馨上蓟马若虫的各色谱峰保留值与西花蓟马若虫的基本一致,比例为83.33%。 相似文献
7.
西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)是世界性的重要害虫,明确其在广东省的适生区域对该虫的科学监测及防治意义重大。本研究根据西花蓟马的生物学特性,利用气候相似距原理和ArcGIS对西花蓟马在广东省的适生性、寄主分布情况进行了分析,结果表明:西花蓟马在广东省有广泛的适宜分布区,但存在地域性的差异,其中雷州半岛、韶关、清远、河源、梅州、惠州等地区的适生程度相对较高,而珠三角及潮汕地区适生程度较低。有效积温结果表明西花蓟马在广东省一年可发生18～24代。 相似文献
8.
云南石榴蓟马种类组成及其种群动态 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2007-2008年对云南甜石榴和酸石榴两种石榴上蓟马种类及其种群动态进行了系统调查、标本采集、种类鉴定。结果表明,为害石榴的蓟马有10种,分别为西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)、丽花蓟马(F.intonsa)、黄蓟马(Thripsflavus)、黄胸蓟马(T.hawaiiensis)、棕榈蓟马(T.palmi)、烟蓟马(T.tabaci)、茶黄硬蓟马(Scirto-thrips dorsalis)、端大蓟马(Megalurothrips distalis)、华简管蓟马(Haplothrips chinensis)和Thripssp.,其中西花蓟马是云南石榴蓟马的优势种。不同石榴品种上蓟马种类不同,甜石榴上有西花蓟马、丽花蓟马、黄蓟马、棕榈蓟马、烟蓟马、黄胸蓟马、端大蓟马、茶黄硬蓟马和蓟马属1种,酸石榴上蓟马种类有西花蓟马、丽花蓟马、黄蓟马、棕榈蓟马、烟蓟马、端大蓟马、茶黄硬蓟马、华简管蓟马和蓟马属1种,黄胸蓟马仅在甜石榴上发生为害。在石榴不同生育时期,发生为害不同,其中成虫和若虫集中为害花,造成麻点特征。 相似文献
9.
花粉和植物不同生长阶段对西花蓟马种群的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在凤仙花的Impulse Orange和Cajun Carmine品种上开展了花粉和植物不同生长阶段对西花蓟马种群的影响。结果表明:在植物未开花前,添加花粉和不添加花粉西花蓟马的种群数量差异显著,添加花粉能显著增加两个品种上西花蓟马的种群数量,其西花蓟马数量分别为174.50、43.67头,而未添加花粉时分别为138.33头和27.00头。在植物开花后,添加花粉对西花蓟马的种群数量虽有一定影响,但差异不显著。植物不同生长发育阶段对西花蓟马的种群数量影响很大,无论是添加花粉还是不添加花粉,在两个品种上均表现为开花后的数量显著大于开花前的数量,说明凤仙花植物本身的花对西花蓟马种群的迅速增长影响很大。 相似文献
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Bielza P 《Pest management science》2008,64(11):1131-1138
Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is an economically important pest of a wide range of crops grown throughout the world. Insecticide resistance has been documented in many populations of WFT. Biological and behavioural characteristics and pest management practices that promote insecticide resistance are discussed. In addition, an overview is provided of the development of insecticide resistance in F. occidentalis populations and the resistance mechanisms involved. Owing to widespread resistance to most conventional insecticides, a new approach to insecticide resistance management (IRM) of F. occidentalis is needed. The IRM strategy proposed consists of two parts. Firstly, a general strategy to minimise the use of insecticides in order to reduce selection pressure. Secondly, a strategy designed to avoid selection of resistance mechanisms, considering cross-resistance patterns and resistance mechanisms. 相似文献
12.
Bielza P Quinto V Fernández E Grávalos C Abellán J Cifuentes D 《Pest management science》2008,64(5):584-588
BACKGROUND: The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is an economically important pest. The genetic basis of acrinathrin resistance was investigated in WFT. RESULTS: The resistant strain, selected in the laboratory for acrinathrin resistance from a pool of thrips populations collected in Almeria (south-eastern Spain), showed a high resistance to acrinathrin (43-fold based on LC(50) values) compared with the laboratory susceptible strain. Mortality data from reciprocal crosses of resistant and susceptible thrips indicated that resistance was autosomal and not influenced by maternal effects. Analysis of probit lines from the parental strains and reciprocal crosses showed that resistance was expressed as a codominant trait. To determine the number of genes involved, a direct test of monogenic inheritance based on the backcrosses suggested that resistance to acrinathrin was probably controlled by one locus. Another approach, which was based on phenotypic variances, showed n(E), or the minimum number of freely segregating genetic factors for the resistant strain, to be 0.79. CONCLUSION: The results showed that acrinathrin resistance in WFT was autosomal and not influenced by maternal effects, and was expressed as a codominant trait, probably controlled by one locus. 相似文献
13.
López-Soler N Cervera A Quinto V Abellán J Bielza P Martínez-Pardo R Garcerá MD 《Pest management science》2011,67(12):1549-1556
BACKGROUND: Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is among the most important crop pests in the south‐eastern region of Spain. Its increasing resistance to insecticides constitutes a serious problem, and understanding the mechanisms involved is therefore of great interest. Use of synergists to inhibit the enzymes involved in insecticide detoxification is widely used to determine their responsibility for insecticide resistance. However, they do not always act as intended or expected, and caution must be exercised when interpreting synergist results. RESULTS: Laboratory‐selected strains of WFT were used to analyse the effects of the synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S‐tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and methiocarb on total esterase activity. Significant differences were found, indicating esterase activity inhibition by DEF, a lower effect for methiocarb and a small inhibition of the activity by PBO. Esterase isoenzyme inhibition by these compounds showed a similar result; this assay revealed an extreme sensitivity of Triplet A (resistance‐associated esterases) to DEF. In an in vivo assay carried out with these compounds at different incubation times, only DEF caused posterior in vitro esterase activity inhibition, with a maximum effect 1 h after treatment. CONCLUSION: In this work, only DEF shows true synergistic inhibition of WFT esterases. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
14.
Insecticide resistance continues to be one of the most important issues facing agricultural production. The challenges in insecticide resistance and its management are exemplified by the situation with the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). This highly invasive pest has a great propensity for developing insecticide resistance because of its biological attributes, and cases of resistance to most classes of insecticides used for its management have been detected. To combat insecticide resistance in the western flower thrips, several insecticide resistance management (IRM) programs have been developed around the world, and these are discussed. Successful programs rely on non-insecticidal tactics, such as biological and cultural controls and host plant resistance, to reduce population pressures, rotations among insecticides of different mode of action classes to conserve insecticide efficacy, resistance monitoring, sampling to determine the need for insecticide applications and education to assure proper implementation. More judicious insecticide use is possible with the development of well-founded economic thresholds for more cropping systems. While growers will continue to rely on insecticides as part of western-flower-thrips- and thrips-transmitted virus management, more effective management of these pests will be achieved by considering their management in the context of overall integrated pest management, with IRM being a key component of those comprehensive programs. 相似文献
15.
J. Aramburu A. Lavi?a E. Moriones J. Riudavets J. Arnó 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1997,103(7):623-629
Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) infected plants and western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Perg., WFT) adult population densities were monitored during 1993 and 1994 in field tomatoes in Northeastern Spain. The proportion of viruliferous WFT adults in field populations was quantified. A significant association has been found between early population densities of WFT adult thrips and final TSWV incidence for early transplanted tomato crops. In contrast, for late transplanted tomato crops, whereas similar high final disease incidences of TSWV could be attained, very low WFT adult population densities were always detected. The significantly higher infectious potential of WFT populations collected during the early growth stages of late transplanted tomatoes could be relevant for the TSWV incidences attained in spite of the low thrips numbers detected. 相似文献
16.
Resistance to spinosad in the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), in greenhouses of south-eastern Spain 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Bielza P Quinto V Contreras J Torné M Martín A Espinosa PJ 《Pest management science》2007,63(7):682-687
Susceptibility to spinosad of western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), from south-eastern Spain was determined. LC(50) values of the field populations without previous exposure to spinosad collected in Murcia in 2001 and 2002 ranged from 0.005 to 0.077 mg L(-1). The populations collected in Almeria in 2003 in greenhouses were resistant to spinosad (LC(50) > 54 mg L(-1)) compared with the authors' highly susceptible laboratory strain. The highly sensitive laboratory strain leads to very high resistance ratios for the field populations (>13 500), but these ratios do not necessarily mean resistance problems and control failures (spinosad field rate 90-120 mg L(-1)). The populations collected in Murcia from some greenhouses in 2004 were also resistant to spinosad (RF > 3682). Spinosad overuse, with more than ten applications per crop, produced these resistant populations in some greenhouses. Spinosad showed no cross-resistance to acrinathrin, formetanate or methiocarb in laboratory strains selected for resistance towards each insecticide. Correlation analysis indicated no cross-resistance among spinosad and the other three insecticides in 13 field populations and in nine laboratory strains. The synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and diethyl maleate (DEM) did not enhance the toxicity of spinosad to the resistant strains, indicating that metabolic-mediated detoxification was not responsible for the spinosad resistance. These findings suggest that rotation with spinosad may be an effective resistance management strategy. 相似文献
17.
Antony M Hooper Jude A Bennison Mark C Luszniak John A Pickett Eleanor M Pow Lester J Wadhams 《Pest management science》1999,55(6):660-662
Western flower thrips (WFT) are attracted to three flowering verbena cultivars. The volatile components of these cultivars contain different enantiomers of linalool oxide which have been synthesised and one shown to be attractive to WFT. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Only larval thrips that acquire Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), or adults derived from such larvae, transmit the virus. Nonviruliferous adults can ingest virus particles while feeding on TSWV-infected plants, but such adult thrips have not been shown to transmit TSWV. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to show that thrips 1, 5, 10, and 20 days after adult emergence (DAE) fed on TSWV-infected plants acquired TSWV with virus replication and accumulation occurring in both epithelial and muscle cells of Frankliniella fusca (tobacco thrips [TT]) and F. occidentalis (western flower thrips [WFT]), as indicated by immunodetection of the nonstructural (NSs) protein encoded by the small RNA and the nucleocapsid (N) protein, respectively. Adult WFT acquired TSWV more efficiently than TT. There was no significant effect of insect age on TSWV acquisition by TT. In contrast, acquisition by adult WFT at 1 and 5 DAE was higher than acquisition at 10 and 20 DAE. Subsequent transmission competence of adult cohorts was studied by vector transmission assays. All adult thrips tested that had an acquisition access period as an adult were unable to transmit the virus. These results indicate the susceptibility of adult TT and WFT to infection of midgut cells by TSWV and subsequent virus replication and confirm earlier studies that adult thrips that feed on virus-infected plants do not transmit the virus. The role of a tissue barrier in TSWV movement and infection from midgut muscle cells to the salivary glands is discussed. 相似文献
20.
Sanae Mouden Kryss Facun Sarmiento Peter GL Klinkhamer Kirsten A Leiss 《Pest management science》2017,73(5):813-822
Western flower thrips (WFT) is one of the most economically important pest insects of many crops worldwide. Recent EU legislation has caused a dramatic shift in pest management strategies, pushing for tactics that are less reliable on chemicals. The development of alternative strategies is therefore an issue of increasing urgency. This paper reviews the main control tactics in integrated pest management (IPM) of WFT, with the focus on biological control and host plant resistance as areas of major progress. Knowledge gaps are identified and innovative approaches emphasised, highlighting the advances in ‘omics’ technologies. Successful programmes are most likely generated when preventive and therapeutic strategies with mutually beneficial, cost‐effective and environmentally sound foundations are incorporated. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献