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1.
In order to assess the effectiveness of foliar‐applied potassium (K+, 1.25%) using different salts (KCl, KOH, K2CO3, KNO3, KH2PO4, and K2SO4) in ameliorating the inhibitory effect of salt stress on sunflower plants, a greenhouse experiment was conducted. Sodium chloride (150 mM) was applied through the rooting medium to 18 d–old plants and after 1 week of salt treatment; different K+‐containing salts were applied twice in 1‐week interval as a foliar spray. Salt stress adversely affected the growth, yield components, gas exchange, and water relations, and also caused nutrient imbalance in sunflower plants. However, foliar‐applied different sources of potassium improved shoot and root fresh and shoot dry weights, achene yield, 100‐achene weight, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, water‐use efficiency, relative water content, and leaf and root K+ concentrations of sunflower plants grown under saline conditions. Under nonsaline conditions, improvement in shoot fresh weight, achene yield, 100‐achene weight, photosynthetic and transpiration rates, and root Na+ concentration was observed due to foliar‐applied different K sources. Of the different salts, K2SO4, KH2PO4, KNO3, and K2CO3 were more effective than KCl and KOH in improving growth and some key physiological processes of sunflower plants.  相似文献   

2.
以辽园多丽和樱桃番茄红玉为试材，采用叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾、葡萄糖及其两者的混合液，研究叶面喷肥对两个品种番茄光合速率及蔗糖代谢的影响。结果表明：叶面喷肥可明显提高番茄叶片中叶绿素的含量及叶片的净光合速率。通过叶面喷肥处理，提高了2个品种番茄果实内果糖和葡萄糖的含量，提高了果实中酸性转化酶和中性转化酶的活力水平，蔗糖合成酶（SS）和蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）活力也得到明显提高。以叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾及其与葡萄糖两者的混合液效果较好，单独喷施葡萄糖效果稍差。表明在叶面喷施葡萄糖、磷酸二氢钾和两者的混合液条件下，果实是通过提高4种酶的活力来提高库强度的。果实库强度增加的同时，相应地促进了同化产物的运转和干物质的积累。  相似文献   

3.
Salt stress is more and more becoming a serious problem in the world especially if we consider its damaging effect on the plant growth and yield. The cultivation of medicinal plants, such as Aloe vera, might be an alternative for the saline water use and salt-affected soils occupation. Aloe vera, commonly known as aloe, is one of the primary medicinal plants with multipurpose applications going from pharmaceutical to cosmetic aspects with a promising economic return. Aloe plants were cultivated and irrigated, for 14 months, with drinking water (C0) and with two levels of salt (C1 and C2). Changes in growth, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation and phenolic compounds were examined in leaves at harvest. Depressive effects of salt irrigation on the plant growth parameters and a perturbation in inorganic ion contents were found especially with a high level of salt in the irrigation water. The intracellular oxidative stress was evaluated with the H2O2 production. Our results showed that the H2O2 content increased with the accumulation of the toxic ion (Na) in the leaf tissues. In addition, lipid peroxidation, measured by the malondialdehyde (MDA) level, increased as well with salt augmentation in the irrigation water. In response to salt stress, Aloe leaves showed a significant increase in the levels of phenolic compounds too. These results suggest that Aloe can be planted in soils affected by salinity and irrigated with salt water at least at a moderate concentration used in the present study.  相似文献   

4.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of zinc (Zn) application on five rice cultivars grown under salt stress conditions. Two salinity levels of 0 and 10 dS m?1 were created with sodium chloride (NaCl) and foliar spray of Zn (0.05%; Chelated-Zn) was applied. A decrease in growth and yield related parameters were observed under salt stress, which was ameliorated in plants that received Zn foliar spray. Similar effects of salinity and Zn foliar spray were noted on photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and water relations of plants. Salt induced increase in sodium (Na) content and decrease in other macro- and micronutrients contents were also reversed by Zn. Other salt tolerance indicating parameters likSe total free amino acids and total soluble sugars increased under Zn spray, clearing its role in improving salt tolerance.  相似文献   

5.
A pot experiment was conducted to appraise the inhibitory effects of salt stress on biochemical attributes in the three mungbean cultivars (NCM-209, NCM-89 and NM-92). Salt stress caused a significant decrease in plant height, shoot relative water contents, photosynthetic pigments, endogenous levels of K+ and K+/Na+ ratios and increase in cellular levels of H2O2, MDA, Na+ and Cl?. However, cv. NCM-209 was found to be tolerant in terms of lower salt-induced decline in K+, K+/Na+ ratio and photosynthetic pigments. The endogenous levels of H2O2 and MDA were also lower in cv. NCM-209. Salt stress markedly also affected different yield attributes in all mungbean cultivars. Again cultivar NCM-209 exhibited less inhibitory effects of salt stress on different growth attributes. Salt stress resulted in a marked increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) in mungbean cultivars. Activity of peroxidase was maximal in cv. NCM-209 and catalase activity was maximal in cv. NCM-89, whereas cvs. NCM-89 and NM-92 showed higher activities of superoxide dismutase. Similarly activity of ascorbate peroxidase was higher in cv. NM-92. It could be inferred from data of antioxidant enzymes that mungbean cultivars cannot be categorized as salt tolerant or sensitive on the basis of a single antioxidant enzyme.  相似文献   

6.
小麦和玉米中后期大量元素叶面施用的生物效应   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
采用盆载和田间小区试验了小麦和玉米叶面１０ｇ／Ｌ尿素、１０ｇ／ＬＫＨ２ＰＯ２和５．４ｇ／ＬＫＣｌ及其配合用一些生理效应,叶面施用尿素,尤其是Ｎ、Ｐ和Ｋ的配合施用可显著延缓两种作物在拔节后其根系活力的下降,叶面追肥增强职责上作物功能叶的生理活性,在Ｎ,Ｋ或Ｐ＋Ｋ三者之间,尿素的效果较佳。三者的配合施用是最大限度延长叶珠措施,作物后期喷尿素＋ＫＨ２ＰＯ４能显著增加小麦和玉米的籽粒产量。叶面施用Ｎ、Ｐ、  相似文献   

7.
Abstract

Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Urfa Isoto) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Beith Alpha F1) were grown in pots containing field soil to investigate the effects of supplementary potassium phosphate applied to the root zone of salt‐stressed plants. Treatments were (1) control: soil alone (C); (2) salt treatment: C plus 3.5 g NaCl kg?1 soil (C + S); and (3) supplementary potassium phosphate: C + S plus supplementary 136 or 272 mg KH2PO4 kg?1 soil (C + S + KP). Plants grown in saline treatment produced less dry matter, fruit yield, and chlorophyll than those in the control. Supplementary 136 or 272 mg KH2PO4 kg?1 soil resulted in increases in dry matter, fruit yield, and chlorophyll concentrations compared to salt‐stressed (C + S) treatment. Membrane permeability in leaf cells (as assessed by electrolyte leakage from leaves) was impaired by NaCl application. Supplementary KH2PO4 reduced electrolyte leakage especially at the higher rate. Sodium (Na) concentration in plant tissues increased in leaves and roots in the NaCl treatment. Concentrations of potassium (K) and Phosphorus (P) in leaves were lowered in salt treatment and almost fully restored by supplementary KH2PO4 at 272 mg kg?1 soil. These results clearly show that supplementary KH2PO4 can partly mitigate the adverse effects of high salinity on both fruit yield and whole plant biomass in pepper and cucumber plants.  相似文献   

8.
This trial was carried out to study the evolution of the nutrient parameters of the nutrient solution applied to tomato plants (Lycopersicum sculentum Mill. Forteza) cultivated in Mediterranean greenhouse conditions under different fertigation management models. The dynamic model is based on soil water content, which was measured by tensiometers, and on soil solutions obtained with suction cups (porous ceramic cup water samplers). The local traditional method consists of following technical recommendations, and the classical model requires the estimation of Crop Factor (Kc) and knowing the nutrient extraction. Nutrient solution and water applied are functions of the fertigation management criteria. The water used for fertigation was classified as C4-S3 according to the Riverside classification system. The cultivation period lasted from 15 August to 20 April. The nutrient parameters studied in nutrient and soil solution were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate (NO3 ?), phosphate (H2PO4 ?), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), and chloride (Cl?). The pH shows similar trends under the different treatments. Electrical conductivity is in the range of 2.8–4.5 dS m?1. Chloride, sodium, magnesium, and sulfate are exclusively modified by the salt concentration in the irrigation water, so it can be assumed that the three treatments vary equally. Nitrate, potassium, phosphate, and calcium are modified depending on each fertigation management method. Soil solution is modified by the nutrient solution applied. Dynamic management allows low nutrient concentration in the nutrient solution to be maintained and keeps soil nutrient concentration low, reducing fertilizer losses and therefore aquifer contamination.  相似文献   

9.
崔晓阳  曹楷  郝敬梅 《土壤学报》2007,44(6):1111-1118
以培育富硒森林蔬菜为目标,在暗棕壤上进行了荚果蕨、小叶芹、小根蒜、婆婆丁等4种山野菜施硒试验。硒肥种类为亚硒酸钠,施硒量为0.10~10.00mg kg-1,直接施肥范围为0~15cm表土。经过一个完整的生长周期(1a)后测定土壤和植物硒指标。结果表明,典型暗棕壤对外源亚硒酸钠态硒具有较强吸收与保持能力,从低剂量至高剂量施入的硒有90%~70%以上仍保留在原施硒土层内;其中H2O可溶态硒占全硒的6.03%~3.78%,KH2PO4浸提的有效态硒占全硒的19.36%~37.54%,而且土壤全硒、KH2PO4浸提的有效态硒及H2O可溶态硒皆与最初的施硒量呈线性正相关。在土施强化供硒条件下,4种山野菜均能高量富集硒,其含硒量为对照的1.7~158.9倍;不同植物的富硒能力有差异,它们在递增施硒情况下高量富集硒的变化模式也各有特点。总体来看,山野菜含硒量与施硒量之间为非线性正相关关系,但在一定的较低施硒量范围内这种关系则是线性的,线性范围因植物而异;土壤的可溶态硒、KH2PO4浸提的有效硒甚至全硒等指标与山野菜含硒量之间亦均呈明显的非线性正相关,且施硒量较低时其关系亦表现为线性。初步得出,典型暗棕壤控制施硒是在近自然条件下培育富硒森林蔬菜并获取高富硒生物资源的有效途径;不过,强烈搅动的砂砾质暗棕壤却不利于硒肥保持和植物吸收,不适于富硒森林蔬菜栽培。  相似文献   

10.
CO2 has been predicted to increase in the future, and thus leading to possible changes in precipitation patterns. The objectives of this study were to investigate water use and canopy level photosynthesis of corn plants, and to quantify water use efficiency in corn plants under two different CO2 levels combined with four different water stress levels. Corn plants were planted in sunlit plant growth chambers and a day/night temperature of (28/18 °C) was applied. From 21 days after emergence (DAE), the eight treatments including two levels of carbon dioxide concentrations (400 and 800 μmol mol−1) and four levels of water stress (well-watered control, “mild”, “moderate”, and “severe” water stress) treatments at each CO2 level were imposed. Height, number of leaves, leaf lengths, and growth stages of corn plants were monitored from nine plants twice a week. Corn plants were separately collected, dried, and analyzed for the biomass accumulation at 21 and 60 DAE. Soil water contents were monitored by a time domain reflectometry (TDR) system (15 probes per chamber). The “breaking points” (changes from high to low rates of soil water uptake) were observed in the bottom of soil depth for the water stressed conditions, and the “breaking points” under ambient CO2 appeared 6-9 days earlier than under elevated CO2. Although approximately 20-49% less water was applied for the elevated CO2 treatments than for ambient CO2 from 21 DAE, higher soil water contents were recorded under elevated CO2 than under ambient CO2. However, corn growth variables such as height, leaf area, and biomass accumulation were not significantly different in CO2 or water stressed treatments. This result may be explained by considering that significant differences in canopy level gross photosynthesis among the water stress treatments was observed only toward the end of the experiment. The higher soil water contents observed under elevated CO2 resulted mainly from less water use than under ambient CO2. WUE (above ground biomass per water use since 21 DAE) at the final harvest was consistently higher and varied with a smaller range under elevated CO2 than under ambient CO2. This study suggests that less water will be required for corn under high-CO2 environment in the future than at present.  相似文献   

11.
In most phosphorus (P) sorption studies, P is added as an inorganic salt to a predefined background solution such as calcium chloride (CaCl2) or potassium chloride (KCl); however, in many regions, the application of P to agricultural fields is in the form of animal manure. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to compare the sorption behavior of dissolved reactive P (DRP) in monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4)–amended CaCl2 and KCl solutions with sorption behavior of DRP in three different animal manure extracts. Phosphorus single‐point isotherms (PSI) were conducted on eight soils with the following solutions: KH2PO4‐amended 0.01 M CaCl2 solution, KH2PO4‐amended 0.03 M KCl solution, water‐extracted dairy manure, water‐extracted poultry litter, and swine lagoon effluent. The PSI values for the dairy manure extract were significantly lower than the CaCl2 solution for all eight soils and lower than the KCl solution for six soils. The PSI values were significantly higher, on the other hand, for poultry litter extract and swine effluent than the inorganic solutions in four and five of the soils, respectively. Our observations that the sorption of DRP in manure solutions differs significantly from that of KH2PO4‐amended CaCl2 and KCl solutions indicates that manure application rates based on sorption data collected from inorganic P salt experiments may be inaccurate.  相似文献   

12.
Dual natural abundance analysis of 15Nitrogen (N) and 13Carbon (C) isotopes in lentil plants subjected to different soil moisture levels and rates of potassium (K) fertilizer were determined to assess crop performance variability in terms of growth and N2-fixation (Ndfa). The δ15N values in lentils ranged from +0.67 to +1.36‰; whereas, those of the N2-fixed and reference plant were ?0.45 and +2.94‰, respectively. Consequently, the Ndfa% ranged from 45 and 65% of total plant N uptake. Water stress reduced Δ13C values. However, K fertilization enhanced whole plant Δ13C along with dry matter yield and N2-fixation. The water stressed plants amended with K fertilizer seemed to be the best treatment because of its highest pod yield, high N balance, and N2-fixation with low consumption of irrigation water. This illustrates the ecological and economical importance of K fertilizer in alleviating water stress occurring during the post-flowering period of lentil.  相似文献   

13.
To overcome salinity stress, a factorial experiment block design (4 × 7) was done on eggplant cv. ‘Topaz F1’ to investigate the effects of foliar sprays of di-potassium hydrogen orthophosphate (K2HPO4; 0 and 10 mM) on growth, yield and chemical composition under sodium chloride (NaCl; 0 and 50 mM) stress. Sodium chloride treatment produced less vegetative growth, dry matter, total sugar content and fruit yield as compared with those in control. However, free phenols increased in fruit by salinity treatment. Spraying K2HPO4 ameliorated the negative effects of salinity on plant growth, fruit yield, and fruit total sugar content. Sodium content increased by salinity and the sodium uptake did not reduce by application of K2HPO4. While spraying of K2HPO4 lowered the sodium accumulation in fruit. Potassium and calcium content in all plant parts and phosphorus, in shoot only were in the deficient ranges in plants treated with NaCl and these deficiencies were corrected by foliar application of K2HPO4.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

In a pot experiment, the effects of NO3‐N and NH4‐N fertilizer were examined on the pH of the bulk soil and rhizosphere, and on the growth and nutrient uptake of 18–35‐d old bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) supplied with KH2PO4 or rock phosphate (Hyperphos). Prior to sowing, the soil was incubated for 16 d to ensure complete nitrification of NH4‐N which decreased bulk soil pH from 6.8 to 5.5. In other pots, a nitrification inhibitor, N‐Serve, was added together with the ammonium fertilizer and after 18 d growth, the pH of the bulk soil was 6.6 while the pH of the rhizosphere decreased to 4.5. Shoot and root dry matter yield was significally greater for plants supplied with KH2PO4 and fertilized with NH4‐N compared with NO3‐N. This increased growth by NH4‐N fed plants was presumably due to a increased nutrient availability caused by the acidification of the bulk soil. Shoot concentrations of ? and micronutrients, such as Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu, were higher for plants supplied with NH4‐N, and more strikingly were higher for plats supplied with NH4‐N+N‐Serve when expressed on a root length basis. In this latter case, the increased nutrient acquisition by plants could only be due to acidification of the rhizopshere. The inhibitory effect of NH4‐N+N‐Serve, particularly on root growth, was not caused by NH4+ toxicity, but was due to a direct effect of N‐Serve as shown by growth comparisons with another nitrification inhibitor, dicyanodiamide (DCD).  相似文献   

15.
Potassium phosphate (KH2PO4) is applied commonly in dilute foliar sprays to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in China. Yield responses to foliar P sources have also been reported for several crop species in other countries. Experiments were conducted to determine efficacy of four P sources and four rates of KH2PO4 as foliar treatments on wheat under field conditions and KH2PO4 under two controlled temperature regimes. Grain yields were increased most by KH2PO4 followed by β‐glycerophosphate and tripolyphosphate; only phytic acid was ineffective. All rates of 1 to 4 kg ha‐1 KH2PO4 increased grain yields. Foliar KH2PO4 applications increased grain weight early under low controlled temperatures, but did not affect final grain weight under either temperature regime. Beneficial effects of foliar P treatments were associated with increased plant P content, which may have increased cell sugar content and protected membranes. Although preliminary results are favorable, additional research is needed to determine optimum methods and conditions for treating wheat with foliar P sources.  相似文献   

16.
The quantity of nutrients which can be sprayed onto the foliage of plants is limited by the onset of burn damage, but the mechanism(s) of burn induction are not defined. Droplets of KH2PO4 applied to intact leaf cuticles induced burn damage at concentrations ≥ 0.50 M whereas K2HPO4 was damaging at 0.05 M. Different cuticular penetration rates did not account for these differences. We report here on the comparative effects of these two salts on membrane integrity, as expressed by leakage of U.V. absorbing constituents from leaf cells. Infiltration of a hypotonic solution (0.05 to 0.10 M) of either salt into corn leaf segments did not induce selective acceleration of leakage of U.V. absorbing constituents from leaf cells during a 90 min. incubation. However, incubation in 0.10 M K2HPO4 lead to a 87% increase in the efflux of cell constituents when followed by a 10 min. osmotic stress treatment in 1M sucrose and subsequent transfer to water.

The induction of damage by K2HPO4 applied to intact plants was inhibited by high humidity low stress conditions. The results suggest that K2HPO4 has a selective toxic effect on plant cells which is potentiated by environmental water stress.  相似文献   


17.
The rose of an isolate of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungusGlomus mosseae in the protection ofMedicago sativa (+Rhizobium meliloti) against salt stress induced by the addition of increasing levels of soluble salts was studied. The interactions between soluble P in soil (four levels), mycorrhizal inoculum and degree of salinity in relation to plant growth, nutrition and infective parameters were evaluated. Salt stress was induced by sequential irrigation with saline water having four concentrations of three salts (NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2).15N-labelled ammonium sulphate was added to provide a quantitative estimate of N2 fixation under moderate to high salinity levels. N and P concentration and nodule formation increased with the amount of plant-available P or mycorrhizal inoculum in the soil and generally declined as the salinity in the solution culture increased from a moderate to a high level. The mycorrhizal inoculation protected the plants from salt stress more efficiently than any amount of plant-available P in soil, particularly at the highest salinity level applied (43.5 dS m–1). Mycorrhizal inoculation matched the effect on dry matter and nutrition of the addition in the soil of 150 mg P kg–1. Nevertheless the highest saline solution assayed (43.5 dS m–1) affected more severely plants supplemented with phosphorus than those with the addition of mycorrhizal inoculum. Such a saline-depressing effect was 1.5 (biomass), 1.4 (N) and 1.5 (P) times higher in plants supplied with soluble phosphate than with AM inoculum. Mechanisms beyond those mediated by P must be involved in the AM-protectioe effect against salinity. The15N methodology used allowed the determination of N2 fixation as influenced by different P applications compared to mycorrhizal inoculation. A lack of correlation between nodule formation and function (N2 fixation) was evidenced in mycorrhizal-inoculated plants. In spite of the reduced activity per nodule in mycorrhizal-inoculated In spite of the reduced activity per nodule in mycorrhizal-inoculated plants, the N contents determined indicated the highest acquisition of N occurred in plants with the symbiotic status. Moreover, N and P uptake increased while Ca and Mg decreased in AM-inoculated plants. Thus P/Ca ratios and cation/anion balance in general were altered in mycorrhizal treatments. This study therefore confirms previous findings that AM-colonized plants have optional and alternative mechanisms available to satisfy their nutritive requirements and to maintain their physiological status in stress situations and in disturbed ecosystems.  相似文献   

18.
The effects of NaCl and magnesium levels (Mg2+) on the physiological response of sunflower were investigated. Plants were grown for 54 days in hydroponic culture with NaCl (100 mM) or without NaCl and four concentrations of Mg2+: 0, 0.4, 1.0 and 5.0 mM. At the end of the vegetative growing cycle of sunflower, salt stress reduced leaf area development by 51% and dry matter accumulation by 37% as compared to non saline-treated plants; at this stage, considering the percent reduction of partitioned plant dry matter, roots (42%) and leaves (35%) showed to be more salt-sensitive than stem. Growth reduction was related to the drop in net CO2 assimilation rate and stomatal conductance, which started declining later during the vegetative growth period when leaf ion concentration started increasing. The investigated genotype was unable to exclude ions and significant amounts of Cl? (about 1700 μmol g?1 DW) and lesser Na+ (700 μmol g?1 DW) accumulated in the leaves. The decline in net CO2 assimilation was well correlated to the increase in leaf Cl? concentration (r2 = 0.71) and not to leaf Na+ concentration (r2 = 0.33). The results suggest that, though sunflower develops an endogenous protection system by which it redistributes this ions in the whole plant, with more ions accumulating in roots and older leaves, growth reduction may be attributed to specific toxic effects of Cl? on photosynthetic functionality. In both saline and non saline conditions, little or no significant differences in growth parameters of plants exposed to a range from 0.4 to 5 mM of Mg2+ were observed. Whereas, its deficiency caused a drastic reduction of dry matter accumulation up to 90%, due to progressive decline in CO2 assimilation rate and chlorophyll content, with imbalances in Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+.  相似文献   

19.
A field experiment on dhaincha, sunflower, and sorghum plants grown in monocropping and intercropping systems was conducted to evaluate growth and nitrogen (N2) fixation using 13carbon (C) and 15N natural abundance techniques. Intercropping of sesbania/sorghum showed a greater efficiency than monocropping in producing dry matter during the entire growth period, whereas the efficiency of producing dry matter in the sesbania/sunflower intercropping was similar to that in the monocropping system. Moreover, sorghum plants (C4) were more competitive than sesbania (C3) for soil N uptake, whereas sesbania seemed to be more competitive than its associated sunflower (C3). Nitrogen uptake in the mixed stand of sesbania/sorghum was improved as a result of the increase in soil N uptake by the component sorghum and the greater root nodule activity of component sesbania without affecting the amount of N2 fixed. The Δ 13C in plant materials was affected by plant species and the cropping system.  相似文献   

20.
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oilseed crop with clear sensibility to salt stress. In this study, we evaluated silicon (Si) effect on the nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activity in sunflower plants subjected to salinity. A 4 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design with four replicates was used, consisting of four concentrations of Si (0.0; 1.0; 1.5; and 2.0 mM) and four concentrations of NaCl (0; 50; 100; and 150 mM) in the nutrient solution. The salinity reduced the nitrate content, but the increasing Si concentration in the medium improved the nitrate uptake, leading this ion to accumulate in salt-stressed plants, particularly in the roots. The nitrate reductase activity and the proline and soluble N-amino contents were also significantly increased by Si in salt conditions. The salinity increased electrolyte leakage and reduced the activity of enzymes superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase in sunflower plants, but these decreases were reversed by Si at 2 mM, thus alleviating the effects of salinity on these variables. We conclude that Si is able to positively modulate nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activities in sunflower plants in order to alleviate the harmful effects of salinity.  相似文献   

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