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1.
Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years on basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) during summer and rainy seasons (April–November) of 2009 and 2010 in a sandy clay-loam soil (typic Ustochrept) at the research farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of zinc fertilizer sources [ethylenediamenetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-chelated zinc (Zn; 12% Zn), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O; 21% Zn), zinc sulfate monohydrate (ZnSO4.H2O; 33% Zn), zinc oxide (ZnO; 82% Zn), and ZnSO4.7H2O + ZnO (50% + 50%)] and summer green manuring crops [Sesbania aculeata, Crotalaria juncea and Vigna unguiculata] on productivity, Zn-uptake and economics of basmati rice. Among the summer green manuring crops, Sesbania aculeata accumulated highest amount of total dry matter, 5.46 and 5.77 t ha?1 during 2009 and 2010, respectively. Incorporation of Sesbania aculeata also led to a significant increase in grain, straw and biological yields, Zn content and uptake and economics of succeeding basmati rice. With the incorporation of Sesbania aculeata, grain and straw yields of basmati rice was 4.89, 5.56 and 9.04, 10.21 t?1 ha during 2009 and 2010, respectively. Among the Zn fertilizer sources, EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) was found to be the best with respect to grain, straw, and biological yields, Zn content and uptake and economics. Application of EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) recorded the highest basmati rice grain (5.15 and 5.76 t ha?1) and straw yields (9.30 and 10.48 t ha?1) compared to control (no Zn application), which produced 4.09 and 4.75 t ha?1 of grain and 8.13 and 9.39 t ha?1 of straw yields, respectively, during 2009 and 2010. Highest Zn concentration in grain and straw and its uptake was recorded with Sesbania aculeata incorporation compared with Crotalaria juncea, Vigna unguiculata and summer fallow. Highest total Zn uptake in basmati rice was recorded with EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) application, followed by ZnSO4.7H2O (21% Zn), ZnSO4.H2O (33% Zn), ZnSO4.7H2O + ZnO (50% + 50%), ZnO (82% Zn), and control (no Zn application). Sesbania aculeata incorporation and EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) treatments were found a better combination with respect to basmati rice productivity. The best economical returns were obtained with Sesbania aculeata incorporation and ZnSO4.7H2O (21% Zn) combination. Thus, adequate Zn fertilization along with green manure crop incorporation can lead to higher productivity of basmati rice.  相似文献   

2.
Zinc (Zn) has emerged as the plant nutrient limiting rice growth in several parts of the world. About 50% of world soils are deficient in Zn and this is also true for India. An analysis of 0.233 million samples taken from different states showed that 47% of Indian soils are deficient in Zn. In India, Zn deficiency is widespread, especially in the rice–wheat cropping system belt of North India, which has high pH calcareous soils. Zinc is also now recognized as the fifth leading health risk factor is developing Asian countries, where rice is the staple food and Zn nutrition of humans and animals has recently received considerable attention. However, no reports are available on the effect of Zn fertilization on kernel quality of aromatic rices. The present study was therefore undertaken to study the effect of Zn fertilization on yield attributes, grain, and straw yield, Zn concentrations in grain and straw, Zn uptake, Zn use indices and kernel qualities of the aromatic rices. A field study at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India showed that Pusa Sugandh 4 (‘PS 4’) is a better than the earlier developed aromatic rice variety Pusa Basmati 1 (‘PB 1’) in terms of grain yield (4.08 tonnes ha?1), kernel quality, zinc (Zn) concentrations in grain and Zn uptake (1,396.9 g ha?1), recovery efficiency (5.2%), agronomic efficiency (122.7 kg grain increase kg?1 Zn applied), partial factor productivity (1,064.7 kg grain kg?1 Zn applied) and physiological efficiency (39,625 kg grain kg?1 Zn uptake) of applied Zn. From the grain yield (4.64 tonnes ha?1) viewpoint an application of 5 kg Zn ha?1 was found sufficient for the aromatic rices grown on ustochrepts of north Indian rice-wheat cropping system belt. Application of 7.5 kg Zn ha?1 increased Zn concentrations in the grain (37.0 mg kg?1 DM) and straw (117.3 mg kg?1 DM) of aromatic rices studied and this is important from the human and animal nutrition viewpoint under Indian conditions.  相似文献   

3.
To examine the effect of zinc (Zn) application method on the utilization of phosphorus (P) from applied P fertilizer, a field experiment was conducted on basmati rice–wheat rotation with combinations of Zn levels (0, soil application of 2.5 kg Zn ha – 1 and two foliar applications of 2.0 kg Zn ha –1) and P levels (0, soil application of 8.7, 17.5 and 26.2 kg P ha –1). The highest pooled grain yields of basmati rice and wheat were obtained with soil application of 17.5 kg P ha –1 and foliar applications of 2 kg Zn ha –1. Foliar applications of Zn increased the P concentration in grain and straw and the total P uptake by basmati rice and the P concentration in flag leaves of wheat significantly, while soil or foliar application of Zn increased the total P uptake of wheat. Phosphorus application increased the Zn concentration in flag leaves, grain and straw of basmati rice and in grain and straw of wheat and the total Zn uptake of both crops. Phosphorus levels up to 17.5 kg P ha –1 increased utilization efficiency of soil or foliar application of Zn. Zinc application increased the P utilization efficiency of basmati rice and wheat up to 17.5 kg P ha –1 level; foliar Zn application was more effective in a wheat crop than a rice crop.  相似文献   

4.
Abstract

Rice is mostly transplanted under puddled low land soil conditions in India, where Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a common problem. The objective of this study was to find out the efficacy of split application of Zn on growth and yield of rice in an inceptisol. The split application of Zn as ZnSO4 · 7H2O performed better than its single basal application, while the split application of Zn-EDTA did not show any significant difference on yield and yield components of rice over its single basal application. Zn-EDTA was found to be better for growth and yield of rice among the two sources of Zn. The soil application of Zn at 1.0 kg ha?1 as Zn-EDTA (T7) recorded highest grain yield of 5.42 t ha?1, filled grain percentage of 90.2%, 1000-grain weight of 25.41 g and number of panicles m?2 of 452. The Zn content of grain and straw were found to be maximum in the treatment T7 i.e. 38.19 and 18.27 mg kg?1, respectively. Linear regression studies indicated that grain yield of rice is significantly influenced by Zn content of grain, Zn content of straw and DTPA extractable Zn content of soil at the level of 95.96, 96.74 and 95.57%, respectively.  相似文献   

5.
Sulfur (S) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies are frequently reported in Bangladesh rice paddy. However, its effects on rice productivity and soil fertility need to be reevaluated as sulfur oxides (SOx) and heavy metals are increasingly emitted to the environment in the recent years. To examine the long-term effects of S and Zn fertilization on rice yield and nutrient efficiency, the standard fertilization plot of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, and zinc (NPKSZn) was installed in a typical double rice cropping paddy at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) farm in 1985. The recommended treatment (NPKSZn) and the comparison treatments (NPKZn and NPKS) were selected for calculating S and Zn efficiencies. The same levels of chemical fertilizers in NPKSZn treatment were applied with the rates of N-P-K-S-Zn as 80–25–35–20–5 kg ha?1 and 120–25–35–20–5 kg ha?1 in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The changes in rice productivity, as well as S and Zn fertilization efficiencies, were monitored for 23 years. Sulfur fertilization significantly increased the mean grain and straw yields by around 13% in the wet season and only 4–5% in the dry season. The mean S fertilization efficiencies were 9.3% and 5.3% in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Sulfur fertilization efficiency was relatively high until 1997 (the 13th year after the installation). Thereafter, however, S fertilization did not increase rice productivity or efficiency, regardless of the season. Also, Zn fertilization did not result in a significant increase in rice productivity, and its fertilization efficiency was similar level with a mean of 1.2%, irrespective of the season. This study revealed that S and Zn fertilization may no longer be required to increase rice productivity in Bangladesh paddy soil due to fast industrialization and urbanization.  相似文献   

6.
A field experiment conducted at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India showed that oats (Avena sativa L.) responded (grain yield increase) to zinc (Zn) fertilizer and coating of oat seeds with Zn sulfate or Zn oxide is the best practice. Zinc fertilizer applied to soil, deep placement (5 cm below the seed placement) was superior for growth and yield than soil surface (broadcast) application. Delaying Zn application to 25 days after sowing (first irrigation) was inferior to Zn application at sowing. Partial factor productivity (PFP) of applied Zn varied from 700–2,024 kg grain kg Zn?1, agronomic efficiency (AE) varied from 62–428 kg grain increase kg?1 Zn (applied) and physiological efficiency (PE) of Zn varied from 1,822–3,221 kg grain kg?1 Zn (absorbed). The crop recovery efficiency (CRE) varied from 3.1–17.7%. Thus, adequate Zn fertilizer of oats can lead to higher grain yield and higher Zn concentration in grain (improved quality for human nutrition) under Zn deficient soil.  相似文献   

7.
Apparent utilization of zinc (Zn) and potassium (K) fertilizers was examined in rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using combinations of no K; soil applied K levels and no Zn; soil and foliar applied Zn. Application of 33.2 kg K ha?1 in rice and 24.9 kg K ha?1 in wheat along with foliar spray of 2 kg Zn ha?1 at 30 and 60 days gave the highest mean grain yields. Foliar application of zinc increased Zn concentration in flag leaves, grain, and straw of rice and wheat and K concentration in flag leaves of rice and straw of wheat significantly. Potassium application increased Zn concentration in rice grain and straw and K concentration in wheat straw significantly. Zinc and K increased the uptake of each other in grain; straw and total uptake by both crops significantly. Zinc fertilizer enhanced the utilization of soil K. Potassium fertilizer enhanced the utilization of applied Zn.  相似文献   

8.
Field experiments were carried out during rainy (kharif) and winter (rabi) seasons (June–April) of 2008–2010 at Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, to study the productivity, nutrients uptake, iron (Fe) use-efficiency and economics of aerobic rice-wheat cropping system as influenced by mulching and Fe nutrition. The highest yield attributes, grain and straw yields (5.41 tonnes ha?1 and 6.56 tonnes ha?1, respectively) and nutrient uptake in rice was recorded with transplanted and puddled rice (TPR) followed by aerobic rice with Sesbania aculeata mulch. However, residual effect of aerobic rice with wheat straw mulch was more pronounced on yield attributes, grain and straw yields (4.20 and 6.70 tonnes ha?1, respectively) and nutrient uptake in succeeding wheat and remained at par with aerobic rice with Sesbania mulch. Application of iron sulfate (FeSO4) at 50 kg ha?1 + 2 foliar sprays of 2% FeSO4 was found to be the best in terms of all the yield attributes, grain and straw yield (5.09 and 6.17 tonnes ha?1, respectively) and nutrient uptake and remained at par with 3 foliar sprays of 2% FeSO4. Although residual effect of iron application failed to increase the yield attributes, yield and nutrient uptake nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P, K) except Fe. The highest system productivity, nutrient uptake, gross returns, net returns, B: C ratio and lowest cost of cultivation were recorded with aerobic rice with wheat straw and Sesbania aculeata mulch. Application of FeSO4 at 50 kg ha?1 + two foliar sprays of 2% FeSO4 was found better in respect of system productivity, nutrient uptake, gross returns, net returns, B:C ratio and cost of cultivation in aerobic rice-wheat cropping system. The Fe use efficiency values viz. partial factor productivity (kg grain kg?1 Fe), agronomic efficiency (kg grain increased kg?1 Fe applied), agrophysiological efficiency (kg grain kg?1 Fe uptake), physiological efficiency (kg biomass kg?1 Fe uptake), apparent recovery (%) utilization efficiency and harvest index (%) of applied Fe were significantly affected due to methods of rice production and various Fe nutrition treatments in aerobic rice and aerobic rice-wheat cropping system.  相似文献   

9.
The effects of summer green manuring crops and zinc (Zn) fertilization on quality of basmati rice during summer rainy seasons of 2008 and 2009 (kharif, April–November) were evaluated in field experiments at the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Quality parameters of basmati rice (viz., physical, biochemical, and cooking quality parameters) increased significantly as a result of summer green manure crop residue incorporation over summer fallow treatment. Incorporation of Sesbania aculeata green manure crop residues led to significantly greater protein (8.44 percent mean of 2 years) and amylose content (25.78 percent mean of 2 years). Zinc fertilization using 2 percent Zn-enriched urea (ZEU) recorded the greatest values for these parameters and also for hulling (73.8 percent mean of 2 years) and milling (62.4 percent mean of 2 years). Zinc fertilization using 2 percent ZEU and incorporation of Sesbania aculeata green manure crop residues also recorded the greatest values for all quality parameters related to cooking quality such as length and breadth of grains before and after cooking. Soil microbiological parameters and yield showed significantly high positive correlations with quality parameters. The 2-year field study clearly demonstrated the benefits of summer green manure nitrogen (N) and Zn enrichment for improving the biochemical, physical, and cooking quality parameters of basmati rice.  相似文献   

10.
Seventeen Mollisols having pH(1:2) in the range of 6.00 to 8.42 were analyzed with five extractants, and the extractable zinc (Zn) ranges were 0.84 to 2.75 mg Zn kg?1 soil for diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) (pH 7.3), 0.91 to 2.72 mg Zn kg?1 soil for DTPA + ammonium bicarbonate (pH 7.6), 1.82 to 7.18 mg Zn kg?1 soil for Mehlich 3, 1.22 to 3.83 mg Zn kg?1 soil for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) + ammonium carbonate, and 0.88 to 1.18 mg Zn kg?1 soil for 1 mol L?1 magnesium chloride (MgCl2) (pH 6.0). Zinc extracted by DTPA (pH 7.3) and Mehlich 3 showed significant positive correlation with sand content, whereas only Mehlich 3 showed negative correlation with soil pH. All extractants showed significant positive correlation with each other except for 1 mol L?1 MgCl2‐extractable Zn, which had significant positive correlation with only Mehlich 3– and EDTA + ammonium carbonate–extractable Zn. A greenhouse experiment showed that Bray's percentage yield of rice was poorly correlated to extractable soil Zn but had a significant and negative linear correlation with soil pH (r = ?0.662, significant at p = 0.01). Total Zn uptake by rice had a significant positive correlation with 1 mol L?1 MgCl2– and Mehlich 3–extractable Zn. A proposed parameter (p extractable Zn + p OH?) involving both soil extractable Zn and pH terms together showed significant and positive correlation with Bray's percentage yield and total Zn uptake of rice. The calculated values of critical limits of soil Zn in terms of the proposed parameter were 14.1699 for DTPA (pH 7.3), 13.9587 for DTPA + ammonium bicarbonate, 13.7016 for Mehlich 3, 13.9402 for EDTA + ammonium carbonate, and 14.1810 for 1 mol L?1 MgCl2 (pH 6.0). The critical limits of Zn in rice grain and straw were 17.32 and 22.95 mg Zn kg?1 plant tissue, respectively.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

Zinc (Zn) fertilization in rice is important to enhance productivity and increase Zn concentration in rice grain to improve its nutritional status. A field experiment was conducted in wet seasons of 2013 and 2014 to study Zn nutrition of rice in three different crop establishment methods (CEMs) viz. puddled transplanted rice (PTR), system of rice intensification (SRI) and aerobic rice system (ARS), under three different rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) viz. 0, 75 and 100% of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (120?kg N ha?1 and 25.8?kg P ha?1) and two different sources of N and P viz. chemical fertilizer and microbial inoculation (MI). Concentration and uptake of Zn at different growth stages and in straw and milled rice was significantly higher in PTR and SRI than ARS. Soil DTPA–extractable Zn content of soil was increased by 1142.4, 1140.3 and 755.8?g ha?1 in PTR, SRI and ARS after two year of Zn fertilization (soil application of 5?kg Zn ha?1). Zinc nutrition increase its Zn concentration in straw and milled rice and improvement in total uptake was 38.1, 40.3 and 40.8?g ha?1 when Zn was applied with RDF, 75% RDF + Anabaena sp. (CR1) + Providencia sp (PR3) consortia (MI1) and 75% RDF + Anabaena-Pseudomonas biofilmed bio-fertilizer (MI2), respectively. Positive correlation between milled rice yield and Zn concentration (R2= 0.95 and 0.97) showed the importance of Zn nutrition in improving rice yield. Zinc concentration at 70?days after sowing (DAS) and 100 DAS was also found positively correlated with dehydrogenase activity and microbial biomass carbon in soil.  相似文献   

12.
Lowland or flooded rice is mainly responsible for about 76% of total rice production at global level, yet information on micronutrient requirements for this crop is limited. Six greenhouse experiments were conducted at the National Rice and Bean Research Center of EMBRAPA, Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazil, to determine requirements of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) for lowland rice grown on a Brazilian Inceptisol. The levels of micronutrients used were Zn (0, 10 20, 40, and 80 mg kg?1), Cu (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg kg?1), B (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg kg?1), Mo (0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg kg?1), Mn (0, 50, 100, 300, and 600 mg kg?1), and Fe (0, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg kg?1). Grain yield was significantly increased in a quadratic fashion with the addition of Zn, Cu, B, Mo, Mn, and Fe. The adequate rates of micronutrients for maximum grain yield were Zn 33 mg kg?1, Cu 25 mg kg?1, B 26 mg kg?1, Mo 10 mg kg?1, Mn 250 mg kg?1, and Fe 1269 mg kg?1. In addition to grain yield, plant height, straw yield, panicle density, and root growth of lowland rice were also improved with the addition of most of these micronutrients. Improvement in root growth has special significance in improving nutrient-use efficiency under nutrient-stress conditions. Micronutrient-use efficiency (grain yield per unit nutrient applied) was in the order of Cu > Zn > Mn > Fe > Mo > B.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

This study investigated effects of iron (Fe) and nitrogen (N) foliar application on Fe and zinc (Zn) content in chickpea grain, grain yield, and protein content. Application of FeSO4 at 0.5% at flowering?+?pod formation stages resulted in the highest Fe (73.50 and 75.34?mg Fe kg?1 grain in first and second year) and Zn (35.08 and 34.21?mg Zn kg?1 grain) content in grain followed by the application of FeSO4 at 0.5% at flowering stage alone (68.27 and 69.97?mg Fe kg?1 grain and 32.44 and 32.27?mg Zn kg?1 grain) and control (54.63 and 55.69?mg Fe kg?1 grain and 29.48 and 29.07?mg Zn kg?1 grain). Urea spray at 2% at flowering as well as at flowering?+?pod formation stages also improved the Zn and Fe content in the grain. Combined use of Fe and urea improved the grain Fe and Zn content over sole application of Fe.  相似文献   

14.
Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of summer green-manuring crops and zinc (Zn) fertilization on the productivity and economics of Basmati rice. Sesbania aculeata summer green-manuring crop residue incorporation (SGMI) gave highest values of all the growth and yield attributes, grain and straw yield, viz. 3.58, 3.69 t ha?1 and 16.14, 16.25 t ha?1 of Basmati rice in 2008 and 2009. Among the Zn fertilization treatments, application of 2.0% Zn-enriched urea (ZEU) as ZnSO4 · H2O significantly influenced yield attributes and yield of Basmati rice during both years, and the increase in grain yield was 38.5 and 40.0% over absolute control (no N and no Zn) and 11.9 and 13.6% over control (only N) in both years of study. However, 2.0% ZEU (ZnO) was very close in terms of yield attributes and grain, straw yields of Basmati rice. As regards to the economics of Basmati rice, SGMI and 2.0% ZEU (ZnSO4 · H2O) Zn fertilization treatments gave the highest gross (SGMI, 85,985 and 91,582 INR ha?1; 2.0% ZEU, 89,837 and 59,851 INR ha?1) and net (SGMI, 56,997 and 61,445 INR ha?1; 2.0% ZEU, 59,851 and 64,442 INR ha?1) returns, respectively, compared with incorporation of the remaining summer green manuring residue and Zn fertilization treatments in 2008 and 2009. A significantly higher benefit:cost ratio was recorded with SGMI and 2.0% ZEU (ZnSO4 · H2O). Overall, Sesbania aculeata green manuring and 2.0% ZEU (ZnSO4 · H2O) are excellent sources of N and Zn for improved productivity of Basmati rice.  相似文献   

15.
Zinc (Zn) deficiency in soils and field crops is widespread across the world, including India, resulting in severe reduction in yield. Hence, soil application of Zn fertilizers is recommended for ameliorating Zn deficiency in soil and for obtaining higher crop yield and better crop quality. Zinc sulfate is commonly used Zn fertilizer in India because of its solubility and less cost. However, good quality and adequate quantity of zinc sulfate is not available in the market round the year for farmers' use. Field experiments were therefore conducted during rainy season of 2010 and 2011 at research farm of Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, India to assess the influence of Zn application through zinc sulfate monohydrate (33% Zn), zinc polyphosphate (21% Zn) and Zn ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) (12% Zn) on yield and micronutrient concentration and uptake by maize (Zea mays L.). In both the years, grain and vegetative tissue (stover) yield of maize increased significantly with successive application of Zn up to 1 kg ha?1 added through zinc sulfate monohydrate and zinc polyphosphate. Addition of 2.5 kg Zn ha?1 did not increase yield further but resulted in highest stover Zn concentration. Zinc, copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) concentration in maize grain varied from 22.2 to 27.6, 1.6 to 2.5, 3.5 to 4.7 and 19.9 to 24.5 mg kg?1 respectively in both the years. Maize stover had 25.9 to 36.2, 7.9 to 9.8, 36.7 to 44.9 and 174 to 212 mg kg?1 Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe, respectively. Zinc application did not influence Cu, Mn and Fe concentration in both grain and stover of maize. Transfer coefficients (TCs) of micronutrients varied from 0.72 to 0.95, 0.18 to 0.30, 0.08 to 0.13 and 0.10 to 0.15 for Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe respectively. Total Zn uptake significantly increased with Zn application from 0.5 to 2.5 kg ha?1 supplied through zinc sulfate monohydrate and zinc polyphosphate. Recovery efficiency of Zn declined with increased Zn rates.  相似文献   

16.
Re-application of zinc (Zn) sulfate for corn (Zea mays L.) production in rotation of wheat-corn has varied effects on yield of crops grown in Zn deficient soils. Therefore, this study was done as split plots in a complete randomized block design (CRBD) where the main plots were control with and without Zn application in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Sub-plots were of control, without Zn fertilizer, base application of 75 kg per hectare (kg Zn ha?1), 25% and 50% less than base application and as foliar spray in combination with the 4 soil Zn treatments for corn production. Effect of previous Zn application on grain Zn concentration of corn was significant (P < 0.01). Zinc concentrations in treatments of without previous Zn (nil Zn) application and with Zn application were 28.1 and 31.8 mg kg?1, respectively. Soil application of 75 kg ha?1 and foliar application of Zn sulfate gave the highest yield (8853 kg ha?1) showed an increase of 25 percent in compared with nil-Zn. Although re-application of Zn has small effect on yield, but resulted in was the highest grain concentration.  相似文献   

17.
The application of zinc (Zn) fertilizer to lentil is an agronomic strategy that has the potential to improve yield and enhance grain Zn concentration. A pot study was conducted to determine if Zn fertilizer applied to three popular Saskatchewan lentil cultivars could increase yield and concentration of Zn in the grain. The effects of soil and foliar applied Zn forms, including ZnSO4, Zn chelated with EDTA, Zn lignosulphonate, and a control were evaluated. Forms of Zn were not found to significantly increase yield (P = 0.828) or grain Zn concentration (P = 0.708) in any of the lentil cultivars tested. Fertilization with soil applied ZnSO4 resulted in significantly (P < 0.0001) higher amounts of residual available Zn in the soil relative to other Zn treatments. Soil fertilized with ZnSO4 had 1.13 mg kg?1 diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Zn compared to 0.84 mg Zn kg?1 and 0.77 mg Zn kg?1 in the soil and foliar applied chelated Zn, respectively.  相似文献   

18.
Maize (Zea mays L.) is generally low in bioavailable zinc (Zn); however, agronomic biofortification can cure human Zn deficiency. In the present experiment, Zn was applied in pots as ZnSO4 · 7H2O to maize cultivar DK-6142 as foliar spray (0.5% w/v Zn sprayed 25 days after sowing and 0.25% w/v at tasseling), surface broadcasting (16 kg Zn ha?1), subsurface banding (16 kg Zn ha?1 at the depth of 15 cm), surface broadcasting + foliar and subsurface banding + foliar in comparison to an unfertilized control. As compared to control, all treatments significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased growth, yield and nutritional attributes in maize. Grain Zn and protein concentrations were correlated and ranged from 22.3 to 41.9 mg kg?1 and 9 to 12 %, respectively. Zinc fertilization also significantly reduced grain phytate and increased grain Zn concentration. Zinc fertilization, especially broadcasting and subsurface banding combined with foliar spray decreased grain [phytate]:[Zn] ratio to 28 and 21 and increased Zn bioavailability by trivariate model of Zn absorption to 2.04 to 2.40, respectively. Conclusively, broadcasting and subsurface banding combined with foliar spray is suitable for optimal maize yield and agronomic Zn biofortification of maize grain. This would also be helpful to optimize Zn and protein concentration in maize grain.  相似文献   

19.
Yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) and narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius L.) are grown as grain legumes in rotation with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on acidic sandy soils of south-western Australia. Yellow lupin can accumulate significantly larger cadmium (Cd) concentrations in grain than narrow-leafed lupin. A glasshouse experiment was undertaken to test whether adding increasing zinc (Zn) levels to soil increased Zn uptake by yellow lupin reducing accumulation of Cd in yellow lupin grain. Two cultivars of yellow lupin (cv. ‘Motiv’ and ‘Teo’) and 1 cultivar of narrow-leafed lupin (cv. ‘Gungurru’) were used. The soil was Zn deficient for grain production of both yellow and narrow-leafed lupin, but had low levels of native soil Cd (total Cd <0.05 mg kg?1) so 1.6 mg Cd pot?1, as a solution of cadmium chloride (CdCl2·H2O), was added and mixed through the soil. Eight Zn levels (0–3.2 mg Zn pot?1), as solutions of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4·7H2O), were added and evenly mixed through the soil. Yellow lupin accumulated 0.16 mg Cd kg?1 in grain when no Zn was applied, which decreased as increasing Zn levels were applied to soil, with ～0.06 mg Cd kg?1 in grain when the largest level of Zn (3.2 mg Zn pot?1) was applied. Low Cd concentrations (<0.016 mg Cd kg?1) were measured in narrow-leafed lupin grain regardless of the Zn treatment. When no Zn was applied, yellow lupin produced ～2.3 times more grain than narrow-leafed lupin, indicating yellow lupin was better at acquiring and using indigenous Zn from soil for grain production. Yellow lupin required about half as much applied Zn as narrow-leafed lupin to produce 90% of the maximum grain yield, ～0.8 mg pot?1 Zn compared with ～1.5 mg Zn pot?1. Zn concentration in whole shoots of young plants (eight leaf growth stage) related to 90% of the maximum grain yield (critical prognostic concentration) was (mg Zn kg?1) 25 for both yellow lupin cultivars and 19 for the narrow-leafed lupin cultivar. Critical Zn concentration in grain related to 90% of maximum grain yield was (mg Zn kg?1) 24 for both yellow lupin cultivars compared with 20 for the narrow-leafed lupin cultivar.  相似文献   

20.
A two-year field study was conducted to determine the effect of two zinc (Zn) levels [0 and 10 kg zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) ha?1] in respect with four potassium (K) levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg K2O ha?1) on growth, yield and quality of forage sorghum. The soil of the experimental field was loamy sand (Inceptisol), carrying 70, 08, 77, and 0.51 mg nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), K, and Zn kg?1 soil, respectively. Increasing K levels significantly improved most of the growth, yield, and quality attributes gradually irrespective of the Zn levels. Zinc applied at 10 kg ZnSO4 ha?1 proved significantly better than no zinc application at various K application rates. The benefit of zinc application increased progressively with increasing K rates for most of the parameters studied, indicating significant response of the crop to positive K × Zn interaction in plants in respect with K and Zn application to the soil. Accordingly, 60 kg K2O ha?1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha?1 boosted most of the attributes maximally. It resulted in about 20–40% increase in growth attributes, 25% increase in fresh matter yield, 36–38% increase in dry matter yield, and 38% increase in protein yield compared to the comparable K level applied without zinc. It also enhanced N uptake by 38%, P uptake by 5–19%, K uptake by 40–42%, and Zn uptake by 114–144%. Across the K rates, application of 10 kg ZnSO4 surpassed no zinc application by 30–35% in N uptake, by 8–15% in P uptake, by 33–36% in K uptake, by 120–140% in Zn uptake, by 19–21% in fresh matter yield, by 29–31% in dry matter yield, and by 30–34% in protein yield.  相似文献   

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