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1.
Pot experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to study the effect of nitrogen (N) nutrition on photosynthesis and water relations of barley plants under salinity conditions. Nitrogen decreased the sodium (Na) content and increased the potassium (K) content in shoots. The net photosynthetic rate of leaves increased significantly with added N increasing from 0 to 100 mg N/kg soil. The activity of ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) in leaves of high‐salt plants was lower, and in leaves of the low‐salt plants higher than that in control plants. The photosynthetic rate was reduced by sodium chloride (NaCl) and was significantly correlated with total soluble protein per unit leaf area. At each N level, stomatal conductance in leaves was reduced considerably by salt. Proline content of leaves increased with increasing N level. It was higher in leaves of salt‐treated plants than in those of control plants. The osmotic potential of leaves decreased with increasing N applied, and the turgor pressure of high N plants remained higher under salt treatment condition. 相似文献
2.
Growth, ion balance, water relations and leaf photosynthesis of canola (Brassica napus L., cv. Excel) and wild mustard (Brassica kaber L. C. Wheeler) grown under a mixture of sodium and magnesium sulphate salts were examined using a hydroponic system in a growth chamber. Wild mustard was less salt tolerant than canola, based on the growth responses. Salinity caused large accumulation of sodium (Na) and magnesium (Mg) ions, but reduced calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) concentrations in the shoots and roots. Water potential, osmotic potential, transpiration, stomatal conductance and hydraulic conductance decreased to a greater extent in canola than in wild mustard, indicating salinity imposed a smaller osmotic effect on the wild species. Calcium addition improved the growth of wild mustard more than canola but it had no effect on water relations. The growth reduction in these species under salt stress resulted from a combination of ion toxicity, insufficient nutrient ion availability and altered water relations. Supplemental Ca improved growth by reducing Mg and increasing Ca content in plant tissues, ameliorating salinity‐associated ion toxicity to photosynthesis, and possibly through an indirect effect on cell growth. 相似文献
3.
The effects on two‐week‐old plants of a salt‐tolerant line (Euroflor) and a salt‐sensitive (SMH‐24) line of sunflower, of varying sodium/calcium (Na/ Ca) ratios in a saline growth medium were assessed after three weeks growth in sand culture under greenhouse conditions. The different Na/Ca ratios of the salt treatment were 36.5, 74.0, and 149, at a constant concentration of 150 mol m‐3 NaCl. Euroflor was superior to SMH‐24 in fresh and dry matters of shoots and roots at varying external Na/Ca ratios. The leaf Na+ concentration in SMH‐24 increased consistently with increase in external Na/Ca ratio, whereas that in Euroflor remained almost unaffected. Although leaf chlorine (Cl‐) was significantly greater in SMH‐24 than Euroflor, there was no effect of decreasing Ca2+ concentration of the saline growth medium on the leaf Cl‐ concentrations of both lines. The lines did not differ in K+, Ca2+ or Mg2+ concentrations of both shoots and roots. The leaf K/Na and Ca/ Na ratios, K versus Na selectivity were considerably higher in Euroflor than in SMH‐24. The lines also did not differ in leaf water potential and gas exchange and these variables were not affected due to decreasing Ca2+ concentration of the saline growth medium. Stomatal conductance and transpiration remained unchanged in Euroflor, whereas those in SMH‐24 decreased significantly at the highest external Na/Ca ratio. Euroflor had significantly greater stomatal conductance and transpiration than those of SMH‐24 at almost all external Na/Ca ratios, whereas the reverse was true for water use efficiency. It was established that Euroflor was tolerant to low Ca2+ concentrations of the saline growth medium as compared with SMH‐24. This was mainly attributable to accumulation of relatively low Na+ and Cl‐ in the leaves, and maintenance of high leaf K/Na and Ca/Na ratios and K versus Na selectivity in Euroflor. 相似文献
4.
盐胁迫下马蔺的生理反应研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Chinese iris （Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis （Fisch） Koidz.）, a robust iridaceous plant, is widespread in arid and semiarid regions with high salinity. However, the mechanism of its salt tolerance is not well understood. In this study, plant growth, water status, content and distribution of inorganic ions, cell membrane permeability, and proline content of I. laetea under salt stress were investigated using nutrient solutions with six NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 350 mmol L^-1. The results indicated that the biomass, height, fresh weight, K^＋ content, and K^＋/Na^＋ and Ca^2＋/Na^＋ ratios decreased with increasing NaCl stress, whereas plant water deficit and contents of Na^＋ and Cl- increased with increasing NaCl stress. In all salt treatments, water deficit of shoots was found to be higher than that of roots and had a positive correlation with salt concentration. When the NaCl concentration was less than 280 mmol L^-1, the ion absorption selectivity ratio and the transportation selectivity ratio sharply increased with increasing NaCl stress. Under medium salt stress, I. lactea exhibited a strong K^＋ selective absorption and the transportation of K^＋ from roots to shoots increased, whereas Na^＋ was not transported and was mostly retained in roots. The plants were able to maintain osmotic adjustment through the accumulation of Na^＋, Cl-, and proline. On the basis of its biomass production under salt stress, I. lactea could be considered as a facultative halophyte. 相似文献
5.
6.
Effect of NaCl and Na2SO4 on dry matter production, mineral content and organic compounds of spinach and lettuce . In water culture experiments the effect of 2,5 meq and 25 meq NaCl and Na2SO4 respectively on dry matter production and content of mineral elements, chloroplasts pigments and carbohydrates in lettuce (salt sensitive) and spinach (salt tolerant) has been studied. With increasing Na-supply the dry matter production was decreased in lettuce and increased in spinach. With increasing Na-supply in both species the content of K, Mg and Ca in the leaves decreased. This decrease was more pronounced with sulfate as accompanying anion (Na2SO4) and induced already deficiency in Ca and Mg. This induced deficiency of Mg was reflected especially in lettuce in lower contents of chloroplasts pigments. In both plant species there was no effect of the Na salt treatments on the content of phosphorus or nitrogen in roots or leaves. The carbohydrate content in both species was strongly affected by the Na salt treatments. Irrespectively of the accompanying anion this effect occured already at the low Na supply and before the dry matter production was influenced. In leaves and roots of lettuce the contents of glucose, fructose and sucrose was considerably decreased; this decrease was less expressed in the starch content. In spinach the Na supply only decreased the carbohydrate content in the roots whereas in the leaves especially the sucrose content was increased. This different effect of Na on carbohydrate content in spinach and lettuce could be an indication of different action of Na on carbohydrate metabolism, namely inhibited synthesis in lettuce and inhibited translocation in spinach. The results demonstrate that in studies on the effect of increasing Na salt concentrations besides the osmotic effects also the ion specific effects have to be carfully considered. These ion specific effects are competition of Na+ with other cations during uptake and the influence of Na on the cell metabolism, especially on the pathway of carbohydrates. The authors thanks Mrs. Hwie Juen Tjandraatmadja for her engaged help in various laboratory works. 相似文献
7.
Nayer Azam Khosh Kholgh Sima Hossein Askari Hossein H. Mirzaei Mohammad Pessarakli 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(4):579-597
Salt toxicity comprises of osmotic and ionic components both of which can severely affect root and shoot growth. In many crop species, supplemental calcium (Ca) reduces the inhibition of growth typical of exposure to salt stress. The objective of this study was to compare whole plant growth and physiological responses to interactive effect of salinity and Ca level on three forage species [African millet (AM), tall wheat grass (TW), and perennial ryegrass (PR)] differing in tolerance to sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity. Plants were grown under glasshouse condition and supplied with nutrient solution containing 0, 100, and 250 mM NaCl supplemented with 0.5, 5, or 10 mM calcium chloride (CaCl2). Plant growth, ionic concentration, water relations, and solute (proline and glycinebetaine) concentrations of the plants were determined two weeks after the salinity treatments. At 100 mM NaCl, there was a moderate reduction in dry matter (DM) production of all three species. A drastic decrease in DM occurred at 250 mM NaCl. Supplemental Ca reduced the adverse effects of salinity on all three species. The TW showed higher shoot and root growth in 100 and 250 mM NaCl than AM and PR. It also showed the highest DM at 5 and 10 mM Ca supplement. The shoot and root DM of TW increased by about 45 and 15%, respectively compared to the control. Chemical analysis indicated that in TW, Ca restricted both uptake and transport of sodium (Na) from root to shoot. It also increased Ca and potassium (K) concentrations in both organs. The transport of K and Ca from root to shoot of AM and PR were decreased by NaCl, but were restored with increasing Ca in the medium. The opposite occurred for Na. In PR, more K uptake was observed in shoot at 250 mM NaCl with 10 mM Ca supplement. The sap osmotic potential (ΨS) was the highest in TW at 10 mM Ca in the presence of 250 mM NaCl. Contribution of various solutes to the difference in ΨS among the species from the control and 250 mM salt treatment differed greatly. Supplemental Ca induced decline in the leaf ΨS of TW which was predominately due to K, glycinebetaine, Na and proline accumulation. Addition of 10 mM Ca to the growth medium maintained a low Na and a high K level. Accumulation of glycinebetaine and proline in leaf contributed the NaCl tolerance of TW. The presented results suggest that supplement Ca, not only improved ionic relations but also induced plant ability in production of compatible solutes (glycinebetaine and proline) and osmotic adjustment. Accordingly, genotype dependent capacity could be found using supplemental Ca. 相似文献
8.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):599-612
Physiological responses to salt stress were investigated in two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars (Pora and Guazuncho) grown hydroponically under various concentrations of NaCl. Dry matter partitioning, plant water relations, mineral composition and proline content were studied. Proline and inorganic solutes were measured to determine their relative contribution to osmotic adjustment. Both leaf water potential (Ψw) and osmotic potential (Ψs)decreased in response to NaCl levels. Although Ψwand Ψs decreased during salt stress, pressure potential Ψp remained between 0.5 to 0.7 MPa in control and all NaCl treatments, even under 200 mol m?3 NaCl. Increased NaCl levels resulted in a significant decrease in root, shoot and leaf growth biomass. Root / shoot ratio increased in response to salt stress. The responses of both cultivars to NaCl stress were similar. Increasing salinity levels increased plant Na+ and Cl?. Potassium level remained stable in the leaves and decreased in the roots with increasing salinity. Salinity decreased Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations in leaves but did not affect the root levels of these nutrients. The K/Na selectivity ratio was much greater in the saline treated plants than in the control plants. Osmotic adjustment of roots and leaves was predominantly due to Na+ and Cl? accumulation; the contribution of proline to the osmotic adjustment seemed to be less important in these cotton cultivars. 相似文献
9.
Comparative effect of drought duration on growth,photosynthesis, water relations,and solute accumulation in wild and cultivated barley species 
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下载免费PDF全文 Maroua Mejri Kadambot H. M. Siddique Tark Saif Chedly Abdelly Kamel Hessini 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2016,179(3):327-335
Drought is a major factor limiting crop production worldwide. Barley is a well‐adapted cereal that is largely grown on dry marginal land where water and salinity are the most prevalent environmental stresses. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of drought stress and subsequent recovery on growth, photosynthetic activity, water relations, osmotic adjustment (OA), and solute accumulation of wild (Hordeum maritimum) and cultivated barley (H. vulgare L.). In a pot experiment, 60 d old seedlings were subjected to drought stress for 0, 7, 14, 21, or 28 d, and then re‐watered to recover for up to 21 d. Plants were harvested at the end of each of these drought/recovery treatments. Drought significantly reduced fresh and dry weights at the whole‐plant level, photosynthetic activities, and solute and water potentials, while increasing leaf Na+ and K+ concentrations. The adverse effects of drought on growth were more marked in cultivated barley than in wild barley and the reverse was true for photosynthetic activities. During recovery, all wild barley seedlings completely recovered. For cultivated barley seedlings, rehydration had a beneficial effect on growth and photosynthesis, independent of treatment duration, but complete recovery did not occur. The reduction in leaf solute potential at full turgor in drought‐stressed barley, relative to the control, suggests active OA which was more significant in wild barley than in cultivated barley. OA was mainly due to the accumulation of inorganic (K+ in cultivated barley and Na+ in wild barley) and organic (soluble sugars and proline) solutes. The results suggest that OA is an important component of the drought‐stress adaptation mechanism in wild barley, but is not sufficient to contribute to drought tolerance in cultivated barley. In the latter species, the results show that even short periods (as little as 7 d) of water deficit stress had considerable long‐term effects on plant growth. 相似文献
10.
Following 13‐year treatments of soil pH and nitrogen (N) source in a peach orchard of North Carolina, the concentration of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in leaves, shoots, trunks and roots, as well as soil pH, soil exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K content, were determined. Through liming, higher soil pH treatment enhanced soil Ca and tissue Ca level. Among six N sources examined, the highest values of soil pH and soil Ca, Mg, and K were detected following poultry manure application. Compared to ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4], calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] increased soil pH and soil Ca and K content, but reduced soil Mg. For most of macronutrients examined in peach tissues, the highest levels were found in manure treatment. Mineral N sources containing Ca(NO3)2 resulted in high tissue Ca and low tissue N. In the above‐ground tissues, Mg concentration was relatively low following application of mineral N materials containing Ca, K, or sodium (Na). Acid‐ forming N, especially (NH4)2SO4, reduced tissue Ca and P. The magnitude of impact of liming and N source on macronutrients was tissue‐type dependent, with leaves and other new growth the most sensitive ones while trunks seldom responded to the treatments. 相似文献
11.
Rui-Ming Han Isabelle Lefèvre Cheng-Jiang Ruan Natacha Beukelaers Pei Qin Stanley Lutts 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(3):1137-1150
Kosteletzkya virginica (L.) Presl. is a perennial wetland halophyte which could be exposed to heavy metals in polluted salt marsh environments.
In order to investigate the interaction between salinity (50 mM NaCl) and heavy metal, young plants were exposed in hydroponic
culture to 10 μM Cu in the presence or absence of 50 mM NaCl. Copper strongly inhibited the leaf emergence and lateral branch
development as well as leaf expansion, and induced a significant decrease in plant dry weight (DW), water content (WC), osmotic
potential (Ψ
s) and leaf water potential (Ψ
w). Copper treated plants accumulated significantly higher level of Cu in the roots than in the shoots although Cu intake rates
decreased with the duration of stress exposure. Additions of NaCl in the absence of Cu excess had no detrimental impact on
plant growth. In the presence of Cu excess, NaCl decreased Cu accumulation in roots and stems but had no positive impact on
plant growth. Copper induced a large decrease in K concentration in roots and stems as well as a decrease in Ca concentration
in the leaves. The impact of Cu and NaCl appeared to be additive on leaf Ψ
s and leaf quaternary ammonium compounds concentrations. It is concluded that K. virginica exhibits a high bioconcentration factor for Cu which could be, at least partly, responsible for its sensitivity to this toxic
element. The impact of stress on K and Ca homeostasis is discussed in relation to ion distribution and presence of mucilage
in the plant. 相似文献
12.
The effects of the interaction between sodium chloride, nitrate, and concentrations on growth and internal ion content of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants were studied, to understand the relationship between the above parameters and salt tolerance. Increased salinity substantially reduced the dry weight of roots and shoots and increased the root/shoot biomass ratio. Additional nitrate‐N considerably moderated the salinity effects on these parameters. The promotive effects of nitrate‐N were more pronounced on shoot dry weight. These results suggest that an exogenous supply of nitrate‐N would improve the vegetative growth of V. faba plants by moderating the suppresive effects of salinity. The evolution of the root and shoot content in potassium (K), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and nitrogen (N) was monitored during vegetative growth. A high correspondence between total N and Ca content was found. The acquisition of Ca and K in response to salt and nitrate was similar in shoots and roots, whereas Mg uptake showed notable differences in the two organs. In salt‐affected plants, the roots were found to be high in accumulated Na while the shoots exhibited the lowest Na concentration. Potassium accumulation was higher in the shoots. In this way, there was an antagonistic effect between Na and K uptake. Analyses of the nutrient contents in plant organs have provided a data base on salt‐tolerance mechanisms of V. faba plants. 相似文献
13.
Ghazi N. AI‐Karaki 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1635-1643
Increasing plant phosphorus (P) supply can increase or decrease salt tolerance of many plants. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. ACSAD 176) was grown in nutrient solution under controlled conditions to determine effects of P level on detrimental effects of sodium chloride (NaCl). Increasing level of P improved tolerance of barley to NaCl. At 3, 30, and 60 μM P, the NaCl concentrations to reduce shoot dry matter (DM) by 50% were 158, 193, and 260 mM, respectively. Increased NaCl levels reduced shoot P concentrations. Plants grown with NaCl had higher Internal P requirements. When NaCl in solution was 10, 150, and 300 mM, the corresponding concentrations of P in shoots required to obtain 50% DM were 1.6, 4.2, and 4.7 mg‐g‐1 dry weight, respectively. Increasing solution P level from 3 to 60 μM P decreased sodium (Na) and increased potassium (K) concentrations in shoots. Accumulation of mineral ions for osmotic adjustment and restriction of Na accumulation in shoots was involved in P enhancement of salt tolerance of barley. 相似文献
14.
Molla Rahman Shaibur Nobuyuki Kitajima Reiko Sugawara Toshihito Kondo S. M. Imamul Huq Shigenao Kawai 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(2):333-353
The experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of arsenic (As) on the physiological and mineralogical properties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. ‘Minorimugi’). The plants were grown in nutrient solution treated with 0, 6.7, 33.5, and 67 μ M As (0, 0.5, 2.5, and 5 ppm As, respectively) in the phytotron. Dry matter yield of shoots and roots decreased significantly with the As treatments, indicating that barley plants are As-sensitive and As-toxicity depends on the As concentration in the rooting medium. Necrosis in older leaves and chlorosis symptoms (whitish color) in the fully developed young leaves were observed at the 33.5 and 67 μ M As treatments. Arsenic concentration, accumulation, and translocation increased with the increase of As concentration in the rooting medium. Arsenic was mostly concentrated in roots and a little amount was moved to shoots, indicating that As was not easily translocated to shoots of barley seedlings. Concentrations and accumulations of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) decreased significantly in shoots for 33.5 and 67 μ M As treatments as compared to the 0 μ M As treatment. Concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Cu decreased in roots, but Zn concentration increased in roots at 67 μ M As treatment. Accumulations of P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu in roots also decreased significantly at 67 μ M As treatment. Accumulation of P and the cations showed negative relationship with As. Concentration of Fe decreased in shoots at 33.5 and 67 μ M As treatments where chlorosis was induced in the young leaf but increased in roots at 33.5 and 67 μ M As treatments. It was suggested that As might induce iron (Fe)-chlorosis in the plants. Among the micronutrients, Fe translocation was more affected than others by As. Phytosiderophore (PS) accumulation in roots, which is a symptom of Fe-deficiency in grasses, did not change significantly between 0 and 33.5 μ M As treatments; indicating that As-induced chlorosis did not enhance PS accumulation in roots and decreased due to As-toxicity at 67 μ M As treatment. 相似文献
15.
ABSTRACT Greenhouse experiments were conducted to assess the effects of salinization of soil on emergence, seedling growth, and mineral accumulation of Prosopis cineraria (Linn.) Druce (Mimosaceae). A mixture of chlorides and sulfates of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) was added to the soil and salinity was maintained at 5.1, 7.2, 9.3, 11.5, and 13.3 dS m?1. A negative relationship between seedling emergence and salt concentration was obtained. Seedlings did not emerge when soil salinity exceeded 11.5 dS m?1. Results suggested that this tree species is salt tolerant at seed germination and seedling stages. Elongation of stem and root was retarded by increasing salt stress. Young roots and stem were most tolerant to salt stress, followed by old roots and leaves. Leaf tissue exhibited maximum reduction in dry-mass production in response to increasing salt stress. However, production of young roots and death of old roots were found to be continuous and plants apparently use this process as an avoidance mechanism to remove excess ions and delay onset of ion accumulation in this tissue. Plants accumulated Na in roots and were able to regulate transfer of Na ions to leaves. Stem tissues were a barrier for translocation of Na from root to leaf. Moreover, K decreased in root tissues with increased salinization. Nitrogen (N) content significantly (P < 0.01) decreased in all tissues (leaf, stem, and root) in response to low water treatment and salinization of soil. Phosphorus (P) content significantly (P < 0.01) decreased while Ca increased in leaves as soil salinity increased. Changes in elements-accumulation patterns and the possible mechanisms for avoidance of Na toxicity in tissues and organism level are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Nayer Azam Khosh Kholgh Sima Sara Tale Ahmad Mohammad Pessarakli 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(2):214-230
Osmotic and specific ion effects are the most frequently mentioned mechanisms by which saline substance reduces plant growth. However, the relative importance of osmotic and specific ion effect on plant growth seems to vary depending on the salt tolerance of the plant under study. Tall wheatgrass (TW), perennial ryegrass (PR), African millet (AM) and Rhodesgrass (Rh) were grown in nutrient solution with sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), potassium chloride (KCl), and potassium sulfate (K2SO4) salinity up to electrical conductivity (EC) 27 dS m?1. Growth of all plant species decreased significantly at high level (EC 27 dS m?1) of NaCl and Na2SO4 salts. However, the growth of none of the plant species was affected significantly by KCl and K2SO4 at any level. Even leaf and shoot fresh weights were enhanced by K2SO4 in all plant species, except AM. Chlorine (Cl) was taken up in similar quantities from KCl and NaCl solutions and the content of the respective cations was similar to each other. Further sensitivity to sulfate and chloride was equal when sodium concentrations in shoots were equal, regardless of the anion composition of the media. The sodium (Na) concentration of the leaves of the plant species increased with increased NaCl and Na2SO4 levels in the nutrient solutions. The leaf Na concentration of TW was lower than that of the other plant species. However, the root Na concentration of TW was higher than that of the other plant species. Increased NaCl and Na2SO4 concentrations had a marked effect on leaf water potential of all plant species, and the TW showed higher leaf water potential at all levels of salts. Tall wheatgrass adjusted osmotically by accumulating electrolytes from the nutrient solution and by accumulation of glycinebetaine. Sodium was generally found more injurious than Chloride in all the four forage species. Salt tolerance could be ascribed as greater exclusion of Na ion. 相似文献
17.
本文研究了在土中加入不同量NaCl条件下 (0、1 5、3 0、4 5gkg-1干土 )接种丛枝菌根真菌 (AMF)Glomusmosseae对盆栽酸枣 (ZizyphusspinosusHu)实生苗生长及耐盐性的影响。结果表明 ,无论接种与否 ,植株的高度、根茎叶的干鲜重均随土壤NaCl浓度的增加而降低 ,而根、茎、叶和整株的Na浓度及Na全量均随土壤NaCl浓度的增加而增大。在土壤盐浓度相同的条件下 ,接种AMF植株的生长量 (株高、鲜重、干重等 )和叶片的叶绿素含量显著高于不接种植株。接种AMF的植株茎、叶中Na浓度低于不接种植株 ,而根中Na浓度、植株Na总量显著高于不接种植株。盐浓度最大的接种处理 ,其植株生长量和叶片叶绿素含量均高于不加盐不接菌处理。播种时进行盐胁迫处理和播种后 4 0d开始进行盐胁迫处理对菌根的侵染率、植株生长的影响差异不显著。上述四种盐浓度播种时进行盐处理的接种AMF植株的总干重比不接种植株分别提高 16 4 %、14 9%、4 8%、35 % ,在播种后 4 0d进行盐处理的接种AMF的植株比不接种植株分别提高 194 %、12 7%、72 %、4 6 %。结果证明 ,酸枣实生苗具有较强的耐盐性 ,其生长对菌根真菌有很强的依赖性 ,接种菌根真菌提高了其耐盐能力。 相似文献
18.
Hirofumi Saneoka Katsunori Shiota Halil Kurban Muhammad I. Chaudhary Gnanasiri S. Premachandra Kounosuke Fujita 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):873-880
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) line, Saline Agriculture Research Center line 1 (SARC), was selected in a salinity tolerance improvement program at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. In this study we compared SARC with Pothowar which is a common wheat cultivar grown in the same region, in order to study the mechanism of salinity tolerance in the SARC line. Two wheat lines were planted in pots and were subjected to salt stress by daily application of a 200 mM NaCI solution for 30 d during the vegetative growth stage. Dry weight of plant parts, leaf area, leaf water status, and solute concentrations in the cell sap of the leaf tissues were determined at 13 and 30 d after initiation of the stress treatment. Decrease in the plant dry weight and leaf area due to salt stress was more pronounced in Pothowar than in SARC, indicating that SARC was more tolerant to salinity. SARC maintained a higher turgor at low leaf water potentials and showed a higher capacity of osmotic adjustment compared to Pothowar. Major osmotic a that increased by salinity in order to maintain a lower osmotic potential in the two lines were Na+, Cl-, K+, and glycinebetaine. Increase in the concentrations of Na+, Cl-, and glycinebetaine was much higher in SARC than in Pothower. These results suggested that the SARC line had a physiological mechanism that conferred a higher salinity tolerance. 相似文献
19.
采用盆栽试验方法研究了不同盐分含量处理下番茄不同器官盐分离子（Na＋、K＋、Ca2＋）和重金属离子（Cd2＋、Pb2＋、Cr2＋、Zn2＋、Cu2＋、Ni2＋）的分布特征,探讨盐分离子对番茄不同器官吸收重金属离子的影响机制,为重金属污染盐渍土壤的农业可利用性评价提供科学依据。结果表明,番茄根、茎、叶和果实Na＋含量均随盐分含量增加而增加;番茄根K＋含量随盐分含量增加小幅上升,茎K＋含量则显著下降,叶K＋含量无显著变化;番茄各器官Ca2＋含量随盐分含量增加无明显变化。番茄根Cd、Pb、Cr、Zn和Cu含量以及番茄茎、叶Cd含量均随盐分含量增加而增加;番茄根Ni含量、番茄茎叶Pb、Cr、Ni、Zn和Cu含量以及番茄果实各重金属含量受盐分含量变化影响不大。因此,土壤盐分含量的增加对番茄根部吸收重金属（Ni除外）有促进作用。 相似文献
20.
Increasing salt concentration from 10?4N to 3 × 10?3N increased the uptake and percent of N and P in shoots and roots of barley and broad bean plants. This effect was higher the higher the cation valence and the lower the anion valence following the order CaCl2 > KCl ? K2SO4. The increase in N and P uptake was higher in broad bean plants having higher C.E.C. than in barley having lower C.E.C. 相似文献