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1.
Plantations of hybrid poplars adapted to relatively poor soils and cold conditions are being established in abandoned fields and forest sites in southern Quebec. Hybrids of Populus maximowiczii are well adapted to these sites but little is known about their nutritional requirements. The objectives of this study were to develop nutritional norms (CVA, DRIS, CND) for three of these hybrids: 915508, Populus euramericana or canadensis X Populus maximowiczii; 3729, Populus nigra X Populus maximowiczii; and 915303, Populus maximowiczii X Populus balsamifera, and to apply the norms on some sites recently planted in southern Quebec. Six plantations (two per clone) were used for the determination of nutritional norms. In each plantation, individual trees were fertilized with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) according to a factorial design with three levels of application for each nutrient (35 = 243 treatments). Tree diameter and height, unit foliar mass and foliar chemistry (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) of each tree were determined two years after fertilization. CVA, DRIS and CND norms were determined using a boundary-line approach with each plantation. Nutritional norms could be established for most combinations of clones and nutrients. CVA, DRIS and CND indices produced with published optimum nutrient concentrations for hybrid poplars closely related to P. maximowiczii were generally in agreement with the ones developed in our study. Differences in nutritional norms among P. maximowiczii hybrids/clones were small but hybrid/clone specific norms could provide more precise estimates of tree nutrition. The application of the norms on some representative sites of southern Quebec revealed more frequent nutrient imbalances than true nutrient deficiencies with generally excessive Ca and Mg, and limiting N, P, and K.  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

A regional survey was conducted in commercial orchards of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) in order to develop diagnostic norms and for evaluation of yield limiting nutrients in low yielding orchards. The leaf nutrient status was interpreted using Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) and Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND). The correlation structure among the nutrients was extracted by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The departure of DRIS indices from their CND counterparts was relatively small and a highly significant positive correlation was obtained between DRIS and CND indices. The three principal components explained 59.5% of the variation in the high yielding population and the designated PCS were (N+S+Zn+Fe‐Mn‐), (N+P+Ca+Zn‐), and (K‐S+). Pomegranate is mainly grown on marginal soils with low fertility and hence more than two or three nutrients were found to be limiting yields. However, nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn) were the most common yield limiting nutrients. The DRIS and CND indices for low‐yielding orchards are reported and discussed.  相似文献   

3.
Abstract

The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) is a unique method of interpreting plant analyses. DRIS includes a number of assumptions which distinguish it from “critical concentration”; approaches, the most important being that ratios of nutrient element concentrations are often better indicators of nutrient deficiency than are simple nutrient element concentrations. Though several workers have shown that DRIS often produces more accurate diagnoses of nutrient element deficiency than conventional approaches, the complexity of the DRIS methodology has discouraged its use. This paper offers three modifications of the DRIS methodology which can simplify its use and interpretation. These include simplified calculation of intermediate functions, modified parameter selection, and modified criteria for predicting response to additional fertilizer.  相似文献   

4.
A survey was conducted for assessment of soil fertility status, leaf nutrient concentration and finding yield-limiting nutrients of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations in Mizoram state situated in the northeastern part of India. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), available potassium (K), available phosphorus (P) (Bray's-P), exchangeable calcium (Ca) (Exch. Ca) and magnesium (Mg) (Exch. Mg), available sulfur (S) (CaCl2-S), and hot-water-soluble boron (B) (HWB) content in surface (0–20 cm depth) and subsurface (20–40 cm depth) soil layers varied widely. Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) norms were established for different nutrient expressions, and DRIS indices were computed. As per DRIS indices, the order of requirement of nutrients was found to be B > K > Mg > P > nitrogen (N). Optimum leaf nutrient ranges as per DRIS norms varied from 1.91% to 2.95%, 0.46% to 0.65%, 0.63% to 1.00%, 0.48% to 0.88%, and 9.41 to 31.0 mg kg?1 for N, P, K, Mg, and B, respectively. On the basis of DRIS-derived optimum ranges, 32%, 9%, 27%, 12%, and 12% leaf samples had less than optimum concentration of N, P, K, Mg, and B, respectively. The optimum ranges developed could be used as a guide for routine diagnostic and advisory purpose for efficient fertilizer application.  相似文献   

5.
High yield of sugar beet require adequate mineral nutrition. To be diagnosed across interacting nutrients using appropriate interpretation models, the plant must be sampled at a critical physiological stage. This study aimed to develop and validate norms at the 7-leaf and well-developed rosette stages, for diagnostic purposes using the Diagnosis and Recommended Integrated System (DRIS) and Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis based on centered log ratios (CND-clr). Data on nutrient concentrations and plant performance were obtained from 409 plots in West-Central Poland. With respect to the growth stages, for physiological and practical reasons, the 7-leaf stage is preferable for diagnostic purposes. At this growth stage, the high-yield subpopulation characterized by higher concentration of potassium and sodium compared to other nutrients. CND-clr indices were closely related to DRIS indices (R2 > 0.93). The CND-clr indices, however, better explained the differences in the white sugar yield within the validated dataset than the DRIS indices.  相似文献   

6.
Abstract

Better diagnostic tools are needed to predict Mn deficiency and sufficiency to ensure maximum yield with the minimum of fertilizer inputs. An alternative to the sufficiency range method (SRM) is to use the balance of nutrients approach as in the DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System) method. A computer program has been developed as a diagnostic tool with plant nutrient levels as inputs and plant indices as outputs that indicate which element is most deficient. This program, SOY‐DRIS, was evaluated for Mn predictions using plant data from four field experiments. Data for check plots (0 Mn) for each non‐Mn treatment were used as input for the program and the Mn index indicating deficiency or sufficiency was the output. The predicted deficiencies and sufficiencies were tested against yield responses to Mn. Of 74 check plots, SOY‐DRIS correctly diagnosed the Mn nutrient status in 62 cases. There were 32 true positives (Mn deficient) and 30 true negatives (Mn sufficient) indicating that both deficiency and sufficiency were accurately predicted. If borderline cases and cases where insufficient Mn was added to give a yield response were eliminated, only one incorrect diagnosis was made giving a 99% correct diagnosis by the SOY‐DRIS program. The SRM gave results nearly identical tothe SOY‐DRIS progam.  相似文献   

7.
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a heavy feeder of nutrients and requires balanced and adequate supply of nutrients for optimum growth and yield. Information regarding soil nutrient status and leaf nutrient concentration is very much required for proper fertilizer application. Therefore, a survey was conducted for assessment of soil nutrient status and leaf nutrient concentration in 64 oil palm plantations in the state of Goa lying in the west coastal region of India. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), available potassium (K) (ammonium acetate-extractable K) (NH4OAc-K), available phosphorus (P) (Bray’s-P), exchangeable calcium (Ca) (Exch. Ca) and magnesium (Mg) (Exch. Mg), available sulphur (S) (calcium chloride-extractable S) (CaCl2-S), and hot water soluble boron (B) (HWB) in surface (0–20 cm depth) soil layers ranged from 4.25 to 6.77, 0.05 to 1.06 dS m–1, 5.07 to 48.4 g kg–1, 58.1 to 1167 mg kg–1, 1.80 to 415 mg kg–1, 200 to 2997 mg kg–1, 36.0 to 744 mg kg–1, 3.00 to 87.7 mg kg–1 and 0.09 to 2.10 mg kg–1, respectively. Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) norms were established for different nutrient expressions and were used to compute DRIS indices. As per DRIS indices, the order of requirement of nutrients in the region was found to be P > Mg > K > nitrogen (N) > B. Optimum leaf nutrient ranges as per DRIS norms varied from 1.64 to 2.79%, 0.36 to 0.52%, 0.37 to 0.75%, 0.89 to 1.97%, 0.35 to 0.63%, 0.89 to 1.50%, 3.10 to 13.9 mg kg?1, 7.50 to 32.2 mg kg?1, 35.0 to 91.1 mg kg?1, 206 to 948 mg kg?1, and 895 to 2075 mg kg?1 for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) respectively. On the basis of DRIS-derived sufficiency ranges, 14, 5, 11, 6, 6, 6, 8, 2, 3, 6, and 16% of leaf samples had less than optimum concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe respectively. The optimum ranges developed can be used as a guide for routine diagnostic and advisory purpose for balanced utilization of fertilizers.  相似文献   

8.
On-farm trials in India investigated the role of nutrient imbalance on yellow leaf disease (YLD) in arecanut on a laterite soil using compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) approach. Soil fertility status was imbalanced with high organic carbon status and low phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The CND norms indicated that the order of nutrient demand was changed with nutrient application. Interventions increased yield by 50% during 2007–2010. The correlations indicated positive effect of nitrogen (N) and K and negative effect of manganese (Mn) on yield. The CND indices for NPK were important discriminators between yellowed and apparently healthy populations both in 2007 and 2010. Linear regressions between leaf nutrient concentrations and CND indices were significant for P, K, iron (Fe), Mn, and copper (Cu) (R2 = 0.44–0.53). Results suggest that the predisposing factor for YLD might be nutrient imbalance in the soil leading to deficit of major nutrients in plant.  相似文献   

9.
The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) approach was used to interpret nutrient analyses of leaf tissues from pomegranate cv. Bhagwa orchards grown in southwestern Maharashtra, India. The DRIS norms were established for three growth stages,viz. 50% flowering, fruit development and first harvesting of pomegranate. Various nutrient ratios were obtained from high-yielding population and were used to compute DRIS indices for diagnosing nutrient imbalances and their order of limitation to yield. Nutrient sufficiency ranges at 50% flowering derived from DRIS norms were 1.32–2.15% nitrogen (N), 0.18–0.24% phosphorus (P), 1.29–1.99% potassium (K), 0.64–1.20% calcium (Ca), 0.23–0.45% magnesium (Mg), 0.16–0.26% sulfur (S), 103.04–149.12 mg kg?1 iron (Fe), 39.60–72.85 mg kg?1 manganese (Mn), 15.99–26.10 mg kg?1 zinc (Zn), 6.16–9.32 mg kg?1 copper (Cu), 23.38–39.88 mg kg?1 boron (B) and 0.29–0.47 mg kg?1 molybdenum (Mo). Similarly, the sufficiency range at fruit development and first harvesting was developed for computing DRIS indices. The requirement of Fe, Mg, S, Zn and N by the pomegranate plant was higher at 50% flowering and fruit development stages. According to these DRIS-derived indices, 87.85, 73.83, 70.09, 69.16 and 65.42% orchards were deficient in Fe, S, Mg, Zn, and N, respectively, at 50% flowering, while 70.03, 66.36, 63.55, 61.68, and 68.22% orchards were found to be deficient in respective nutrients during the fruit development stage.  相似文献   

10.
辽西‘富士’苹果CND法营养诊断研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
【目的】辽西地区‘富士’苹果的栽培面积和产量占辽宁省较大比例,但其施肥管理缺乏科学理论依据,本研究采用Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis(CND)法对辽西‘富士’果园的营养状况开展叶片分析研究,初步探明辽西地区‘富士’果园营养状况,指导果园施肥管理。【方法】以86个有代表性的‘富士’苹果园为研究试材,测定了果园产量,果实品质以及叶片中氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)元素的含量。采用CND法对高生产水平果园进行划分,并对低产水平果园进行营养诊断。采用CND法对高产果园产量划分标准临界值进行确定;对果实品质的划分标准进行确定:第一,对果实品质的6个指标进行归一化;第二,对6个指标进行主成分分析,得到6个指标的综合评价得分;第三,采用CND法对果实品质综合得分进行划分,得到果实品质的划分标准临界值;选择同时满足产量和品质划分标准临界值的果园,结合专家咨询法,确定高生产水平果园的划分标准。根据高生产水平果园的营养状况确定CND法标准参比值,并以此为基础进行叶营养诊断,得到辽西‘富士’果园的叶营养状况。针对叶营养状况进行土壤营养丰缺状况的分析,得到辽西‘富士’果园的营养状况的整体情况。【结果】根据CND法的叶分析可以得到:高生产水平果园的产量划分临界值为44.556t/hm2,品质评价综合得分的划分临界值为0.792,辽西地区满足此条件的果园有13个,占总体采样园的15.12%;不同营养元素CND法叶标准参比值为:V*N=2.776,V*P=0.212,V*K=1.884,V*Ca=2.042,V*Mg=0.814,V*Fe=-2.470,V*Cu=-5.090,V*Mn=-2.631,V*Zn=-3.867,V*R=6.330;SD*N=0.173,SD*P=0.144,SD*K=0.155,SD*Ca=0.266,SD*Mg=0.307,SD*Fe=0.189,SD*Cu=0.474,SD*Mn=0.467,SD*Zn=0.325,SD*R=0.134;辽西‘富士’苹果低生产水平果园需肥顺序为:FeMnPNCaKCuZnMg。【结论】CND法使叶分析研究可同时考虑果园产量和果实品质。以此方法进行分析,辽西地区高生产水平果园的产量划分临界值为38.451 t/hm2,品质评价综合得分的划分临界值为0.792,辽西地区满足此条件的果园有13个,仅占总体采样园的15.12%;辽西地区‘富士’苹果的树体营养状况表现为Fe、Mn、P和N元素缺乏;土壤丰缺状况表现为Fe、Mn元素含量适宜,N、P元素缺乏;建议辽西‘富士’低生产水平果园的N、P、K施用采用少量多次原则,适当增加Fe、Mn元素叶面肥的施用。  相似文献   

11.
In Canada, the coniferous forest was generally found to be nitrogen (N) deficient, but base cation deficiencies may be becoming more prevalent. Newly-developed nutritional standards based on leaf nutrient concentrations and compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) were applied on published data of white spruce nutrition from sites across Canada. Results suggest that nutritional disorders in white spruce are not restricted to N deficiencies. Based on nutrient concentrations, deficiencies are common, particularly in phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca), but toxicities are rare. The CND analysis revealed some cases of excess N, P, and magnesium (Mg).  相似文献   

12.
ABSTRACT

The aim of this work was to establish for the first time nutrient optimal range (NOR) for mandarins in Tunisia using two methods: Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) and Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND). The study was performed using data from 120 mandarin’s commercial orchards, in several locations in Tunisia. Yield data and leaf nutrient content from 2011 to 2014 cropping season were compiled in a database. Leaf samples consist of spring flush leaves (7–8 months old) collected from nonfruiting terminals. The two methods were effective to diagnose the plant nutritional status based on the effectiveness of the chi-square-tested method. The two methods showed the nutrient imbalances of the studied commercial orchards. Phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) showed higher frequencies as the most required nutrients by the plant. The found norms were then compared to the norms used in other countries. The new norms for mandarins are different because some norms in the literature do not take into account the different species of citrus, and they were adopted in different pedoclimatic conditions. So, adopting the new leaf nutrient norms is key for ensuring productivity in mandarin citrus orchards in Tunisia.  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT

Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) norms were computed from the data on leaf mineral composition, soil available nutrients, and corresponding mean fruit yield of three years (1999–2002), collected from the set of 57 irrigated commercial ‘Nagpur’ mandarin (budded on Citrus jambhiri Lush) orchards, representing 26 locations and 3 basalt derived soil orders (Entisols, Inceptisols, and Vertisols) rich in smectite minerals. The DRIS norms derived primarily from spring-cycle index leaves from non-fruiting terminals sampled during August to October (6–8 months old) suggested optimum leaf macronutrient concentration (%) as: 1.70–2.81 nitrogen (N), 0.09–0.15 phosphorus (P), 1.02–2.59 potassium (K), 1.80–3.28 calcium (Ca), and 0.43–0.92 magnesium (Mg). While, optimum level of micronutrients (ppm) was determined as: 74.9–113.4 iron (Fe), 54.8–84.6 manganese (Mn), 9.8–17.6 copper (Cu), and 13.6–29.6 zinc (Zn) in relation to fruit yield of 47.7–117.2 kg tree? 1. Likewise, DRIS indices for soil fertility developed from dripline soil samples collected at 0–20 cm depth corresponding to similar level of fruit yield, the optimum limit of soil available nutrients (mg kg? 1) was observed as: 94.8–154.8 N, 6.6–15.9 P, 146.6–311.9 K, 401.0–601.6 Ca, 85.2–369.6 Mg, 10.9–25.2 Fe, 7.5–23.2 Mn, 2.5–5.1 Cu, and 0.59–1.26 Zn. Primary DRIS indices developed on the basis of leaf and soil analysis revealed deficiency of N, P, K, Fe, and Zn. The nutrient constraints so diagnosed were further verified through fertilizer response studies carried out on a representative Typic Haplustert soil type facing multiple nutrient deficiencies, and accordingly suggested the revised fertilizer schedule.  相似文献   

14.
Mineral‐nutrient stress is one of the main factors limiting crop production, especially in arid lands. The mineral requirement of a crop is difficult to determine, and the interpretation of foliar chemistry composition is not easy. This study was conducted to compute the minimum yield target for fresh fruit of yellow pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and the corresponding Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) as well as to identify significant nutrient interactions of this crop in desert calcareous soils. Preliminary CND norms were developed using a cumulative variance‐ratio function and the chi‐square distribution function. From a small database, we computed means and standard deviations of row‐centered log ratios, VX, of five nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) and a filling value, R, which comprises all nutrients not chemically analyzed and quantified them in 54 foliar samples of the popular yellow pepper cv. ‘Santa Fé’. This cultivar is widely grown in northwest Mexico under arid conditions. These norms are associated to fresh fruit yields higher than 15.04 t ha–1. Principal‐component analyses, performed using estimated CND nutrient indexes, allowed us to identify four interactions: negative P‐Ca, P‐Mg, and N‐K, and positive Ca‐Mg. Pepper plants growing on calcareous soils tend to take up more Ca and Mg than considered as optimum in other soil conditions.  相似文献   

15.
Chemical analysis of leaves is an effective tool for detecting nutritional imbalances and providing data for fertilizer recommendations. Therefore, it is extremely important to establish criteria for interpreting these results. The DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System) method is an alternative to the interpretation of results of leaf analysis as it allows the calculation of indexes for each nutrient, using its relations with others and comparing them with a reference population. Thus, we aimed to establish preliminary DRIS norms, by both Beaufils’s and Jones’s methods, and to derive critical levels and nutrient sufficiency ranges in the leaf tissue for Pêra orange, by studying a commercial crop in the growing conditions of the São Paulo state. The methods (Beaufils and Jones) differed in the limiting nutrients in the Pêra orange orchard. The use of regional norms must be prioritized because of differences between the management methods applied. In the methods used, the nutrients that had a greater number of concordant cases in decreasing order: Mn > Mg > B > N > Cu > Fe > Zn > K > P > Ca. Amplitudes related to the DRIS methods used were narrower than the conventional literature.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) was used to identify nutrient status of mango fruit trees in Punjab, India. Standard norms established from the nutrient survey of mango fruit trees were 1.144, 0.126, 0.327, 2.587, 0.263, 0.141% for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S), and 15, 3.5, 145, 155, and 30 mg kg?1, respectively, for zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and boron (B) in dry matter. On the basis of DRIS indices, 16, 15, 12, 17, and 16% of total samples collected during nutrients survey of mango trees were low in N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, respectively. For micronutrients, 19, 18, 12, 20, and 6% samples were inadequate in Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, and B, respectively. DRIS‐derived sufficiency ranges from nutrient indexing survey were 0.92–1.37, 0.08–0.16, 0.21–0.44, 1.71–3.47, 0.15–0.37, and 0.09–0.19% for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S and 11–19, 1–6, 63–227, 87–223, and 16–44 mg kg?1 for Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, and B, respectively.  相似文献   

17.
In this study, the norms for Vitis Vinifera have been derived and compared using the Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) and Deviation from Optimum Percentage (DOP) diagnose methods to determine the nutrient deficiency in Vineyards at Central Alborz region, Iran. A total of 200 leaf samples were collected during two years from Vitis Vinifera trees and nutrient concentrations of Mn, Zn, Fe, Mg, Ca, K, P, N, B, and Cu were measured. The results showed that there are differences between DOP and CND diagnosis methods. According to mean DOP indices for nutrient elements, the priority of the deficiency of elements was as follows: Mn > P > Ca > Fe > Cu. In addition, the CND standard norms were determined as Fci(VN) = 32.34, Fci(VP) = 34.49, Fci(VK) = 48.58, Fci(VCa) = 54.39, Fci(VMg) = 64.11, Fci(VMn) = 19.71, Fci(VZn) = 47.64, Fci(VFe) = 53.32, Fci(VCu) = 32.44, Fci(VB) = 41.59, and Fci(Rd) = 39.19 ton.ha?1. The results also showed that there is the deficiency of manganese, nitrogen, iron, and phosphorus in vineyards. Therefore, the field observations due to the implications of apparent deficiencies of nutrient elements in the gardens of the region are more consistent with the DOP method.  相似文献   

18.
Previous research has shown that the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) is useful to identify the nutrient most likely to limit yield of soybean (Glycine max). However, recent work with other crops has shown that DRIS diagnoses are sometimes unsatisfactory due to large numbers of false positve (F+) diagnoses, which would lead to recommendation of unnecessary fertilizer application. This paper reports a reconsideration using the prescient diagnostic analysis approach of data previously used to establish the diagnostic utility of DRIS for soybean. In addition to previously‐published evaluation criteria, the approach is extended by defining an efficiency rating which accounts for differences in the incidence of sufficient and deficient cases. Using this evaluation approach, DRIS phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) diagnoses of soybean using numerous sources of norms and methods to calculate function values and nutrient indices led to unacceptable efficiency ratings (<67%), even though accuracies often exceeded 90%. In one test, diagnoses of nitrogen (N), P, and K by both DRIS and sufficiency ranges were low in accuracy and efficiency ratings. In several other tests, poor ratings for P diagnoses often followed from low accuracy among deficient cases; i.e. false negative (F‐) diagnoses were excessive. In contrast, K diagnoses were often poor due to low accuracy among cases of sufficiency: false positive (F+) diagnoses were excessive. Despite much modification, DRIS diagnoses of soybean N, P, and K status among data sets of known response to fertilizer application are not sufficiently reliable to support routine adoption of DRIS for diagnosis.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

Foliar analysis is an effective method to diagnose the nutritional status of plants. However, the mineral concentration in foliar tissue has traditionally been evaluated by assessing the activity of each element, without considering the interactions between them. To address this, dual interactions were calculated using the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) to identify which crop nutrients are most influential in nutrient imbalances and which are the most limiting nutrients for the nutritional status of banana crops in Ecuador. To achieve this, a regional survey of the nutritional status and its productivity levels was conducted for 188 different sites during the crop season in 2017–2018, involving banana cultivars ‘Vallery’ and ‘Williams’, from the Cavendish subgroup. The DRIS calculation method was combined with Beaufils and Jones functions. From the initial 188 foliar samples, 83 samples (representing 44% of the population) were considered to represent the high-yield reference population, with yields of 38–60 t ha?1. The DRIS method defined the mean nutritional balance index, which was not found to be statistically correlated (p?>?0.05) with productivity, revealing that there was no significant association with the nutritional status of the plants. Specific DRIS norms were obtained and indicated that deficiencies in K, N, Ca, and Fe, and excesses in Mn, B, Cl, Zn, S, Cu, and Mg were the most limiting nutrients for banana cultivars in the south of Ecuador.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

The Diagnois and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) has advantage over the critical value method to assess the state of nutrient balance of plants because it utilizes nutrient ratio relationships. The DRIS method was evaluated utilizing 3 data sets of N, P, and K foliar analyses of determinent soybeans from P‐response experiments in Brazil. Evaluation of data sets collected at growth stage R‐2 resulted in lowest calculated DRIS sum, an indication of highest degree of nutrient balance, to conform to highest yield. The DRIS method proved useful as a analytical tool to evaluate responsiveness of soybeans to phosphorus fertilizer materials. Foliar analyses of plants approaching maturity, R‐7, would indicate a different order of nutrient requirements than when collected at growth stages R‐2 or R‐5. This would suggest that DRIS, as a nutrient status evaluation instru‐ ment, also has limitations as to plant age. The order of requirement appears to account for judgement of high and low levels of nutrients, but needs some additional interpretation with respect to sufficiency of nutrients. Because DRIS can be used to diagnos nutrient balance and imbalance, refinement of the method for use with annual crops should be encouraged.  相似文献   

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