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1.
Background aim and scope
Soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation is strongly affected by soil erosion and deposition that differ at slope positions of a watershed. However, studies on the effects of topography on soil aggregation and SOC dynamics, especially after the implementation of vegetation restoration, are rare. Poorly understood mechanisms and a lack of quantification for the suite of ecological benefits brought by the impacts of topography after planting further obstructed our understanding of terrestrial ecosystem carbon (C) sequestration. The purposes of this study are to (1) quantify the impacts of vegetation restoration on size and stability of soil aggregates and the sequestration of C in soil and (2) to address the impacts of various slope locations on aggregates and SOC distribution. 相似文献2.
Zhi-Ping Wang Xiao-Peng Li Rick Pelletier Scott X. Chang Edward W. Bork 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(2):1189-1202
High heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) in grasslands causes uncertainty in estimating its content and storage. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution of SOC content and storage in the prairies of southern Alberta, Canada, and how it is affected by land use such as irrigated cropping and other environmental conditions such as cattle grazing, slope landscape position and dominant plant species. The mean SOC content was determined to be 11.5 g kg–1 (range: 8.9 to 22.4 g kg–1) in the 0–10 cm layer and 6.8 g kg–1 (range: 4.0 to 13.3 g kg–1) in the 10–30 cm layer; mean SOC storage was 1.59 kg C m–2 (range: 1.23 to 2.78 kg C m–2) in the 0–10 cm layer and 2.07 kg C m–2 (range: 1.21 to 3.62 kg C m–2) in the 10–30 cm layer. The SOC content was significantly affected by slope position in both the 0–10 and 10–30 cm layers, in the following order: bottom >middle > top position. Moreover, SOC storage was higher in sites dominated by shrubs than graminoid/forb communities. Thus, SOC content and storage had distinctly clustered spatial patterns throughout the study area and were significant differences between the 0–10 and 10–30 cm soil layers. Prior land-use change from arid grassland to irrigated cropland increased SOC content and storage in bulk soils. 相似文献
3.
添加牛粪对长期不同施肥潮土有机碳矿化的影响及激发效应 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
为了探讨长期不同施肥潮土有机碳矿化对添加牛粪的响应特征及添加牛粪对长期不同施肥潮土有机碳矿化的激发效应,以始建于1986年的长期定位试验为平台,通过室内恒温培养的方法研究添加等氮量牛粪后长期不同施肥(不施肥,CK;常量有机肥,SMA;常量化肥,SMF;常量有机无机配施,1/2(SMA+SMF))潮土有机碳矿化、土壤有机碳及活性碳库组分(微生物量碳、可溶性有机碳、颗粒有机碳和易氧化有机碳)含量的变化特征。结果表明:无论添加牛粪与否,长期不同施肥潮土有机碳矿化过程均符合一级动力学方程,而牛粪的添加显著增加了长期不施肥、长期单施化肥和长期有机无机配施土壤的有机碳矿化速率常数,增长幅度分别为21.74%、35.00%和45.00%;添加牛粪提高了长期不同施肥潮土有机碳、微生物量碳、颗粒有机碳和易氧化有机碳含量,却显著降低了可溶性有机碳含量;牛粪对长期不施肥、长期施用常量有机肥、常量化肥和常量有机无机配施潮土有机碳矿化的正激发效应分别达到了48.56%、3.60%、48.43%和3.92%,且对长期不施肥及长期施用常量化肥潮土的激发效应显著高于对长期施用常量有机肥及长期有机无机配施土壤;冗余分析显示添加牛粪对长期不同施肥土壤有机碳矿化的激发效应与土壤活性组分碳氮比呈正相关,与土壤养分含量呈负相关。该研究不仅为合理施用有机肥和实现农田生态系统的可持续发展提供理论依据,还有利于实现农业资源再利用及其效益最大化。 相似文献
4.
Edward W. Bork Lisa L. Raatz Cameron N. Carlyle Daniel B. Hewins Karen A. Thompson 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(3):387-399
Grassland management aimed at enhancing carbon (C) in soil is an important tool in mitigation of rising atmospheric CO2, yet little is known of how grassland soil C changes with livestock stocking rate (SR). We relate soil organic and inorganic C mass (t ha−1 to 60 cm depth) with cattle stocking over periods of 7–27 year for 32 paddocks distributed across nine community pastures in the mixed-grass prairie of Saskatchewan, Canada. Initial analysis comparing Akaike information criterion models showed that cattle SR explained a greater proportion of variance in soil C, particularly soil organic C, than rainfall. Soil organic C mass increased with cattle SR (R2 = .293; p = .001), even when the latter was normalized to account for differences in vegetation composition and growing conditions among pastures. Normalized SR varied from 0.49 to 2.30 times recommended levels, over which SOC increased from 24.7 to 57.4 t ha−1. Increases in soil organic C under greater stocking coincided with increased abundance of introduced vegetation, particularly the rhizomatous grass Poa pratensis. Inorganic soil C accounted for 34.6% of total soil C, being particularly large below 30 cm soil depth, but did not vary with stocking rate. These findings indicate that both organic and inorganic C are important pools of C in northern temperate grassland soils, with soil organic C positively associated with long-term cattle SR. Further studies are recommended to understand more fully the mechanisms regulating grazing impacts on soil C mass in northern temperate grasslands. 相似文献
5.
陇东黄土丘陵区坡改梯田土壤有机碳累积动态 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用时空互代法,以不同年限坡改梯田为研究对象,分析了陇东黄土丘陵区梯田土壤有机碳（SOC）的时空分布特征。结果表明,1）陇东黄土丘陵区黄绵土在坡改梯后近50 a内,农田060 cm土层土壤有机碳处于持续累积状态,2040 cm与4060 cm土层SOC较坡耕地的增幅分别为54.6%和52.4%,大于表层增幅 （33.7%）（P0.05）;各土层SOC随梯田年限的变化趋势基本一致,在修建初期（0~8 a）累积较快并超过坡耕地SOC水平（P0.01）,24 a 后有了显著提高（P0.05）,后期SOC累积变化不显著。2）不同土壤类型及地形下SOC含量及累积速率有所差异,020 cm 土层的SOC在黄绵土中累积最为明显,2040 cm与4060 cm 两个土层SOC在红粘土中的累积量最为显著（P0.05）;阴坡表层SOC大于阳坡,梯田修建25 a 后阴坡平均SOC较阳坡高22.1%。3）梯田土壤有机碳的时空变异受土壤类型的影响最大,其贡献率达62.0%,海拔和坡向影响次之,两者可解释20.4%的有机碳的变异;梯田年限和施用有机肥可分别解释11.7%和5.8%的变异。陇东黄土丘陵区坡改梯田土壤在当前经营状况下表现出较弱的碳汇效应。 相似文献
6.
坡向和坡位对小流域梯田土壤有机碳、氮变化的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
坡向和坡位是影响土壤有机碳（SOC）和全氮（TN）变化的两大重要地形因素。研究其对小流域梯田SOC和TN变化的影响,对预测黄土高原地区坡改梯条件下土壤碳汇变化具有重要意义。本文以黄土丘陵沟壑区高泉沟小流域为例,区分东、西两种坡向,再根据海拔区分上（2220～2326 m）、中（2130～2220 m）、下（1938～2130 m）三种坡位,共采集213个土壤样品,研究坡向、坡位对梯田耕层（0～20 cm）SOC和TN的影响。结果表明,西向坡SOC和TN含量分别比东向坡高22.8%和13.6%（p0.1）,东西向坡的中、下坡位SOC和TN含量均大于上坡位。在西向坡,SOC含量下坡位（8.78 g/kg）最高,中坡位（7.82 g/kg）次之,上坡位（7.46 g/kg）最低;与上坡位相比,中坡位和下坡位的TN含量提高了12.1%,24.2%。在东向坡,SOC含量中坡位（7.15 g/kg）最高,下坡位（6.28 g/kg）次之,上坡位（5.37 g/kg）最低;与上坡位相比,中坡位和下坡位的TN含量提高了37.3%,29.4%。坡向与坡位的交互作用对流域SOC的空间分布影响显著（p0.1）。坡向、坡位对土壤碳氮比值（C/N）也有显著影响（p0.1）。这一结果对准确估算流域梯田SOC和TN的变化提供了参考。 相似文献
7.
This study assessed the soil organic C (SOC) and soil nutrients in smallholding home garden, woodlot, grazing land, and cropland at two soil depths and two sites in Wolaita Zone, southern Ethiopia. The results showed that soil properties were significantly influenced by land use. The home garden had significantly higher (p < 0.05) SOC and soil nutrients when compared to the cropland. When the home garden was compared to the woodlot and grazing land uses, it had significantly higher (p < 0.05) values except in SOC, total N (TN), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable Ca. Cropland, in comparison with grazing land and woodlot, had a non‐significant difference except TN. The SOC stock (0–40 cm) in the home garden, woodlot, grazing land and cropland was 79.5, 68.0, 65.0, and 58.1 Mg ha?1, respectively. Home garden significantly differed (p ≤ 0.05) in SOC only from cropland, and this was attributed not only to the relatively higher organic input in the home garden but also to the little organic matter input and frequently tillage of the cropland. The similar SOC among the home garden, woodlot and grazing lands may imply that the balance between inputs and outputs could be nearly similar for the land uses. Soil TN and CEC had a nearly similar pattern of difference as in SOC among the land uses because of their close relationship with SOC. In general, the land use influence on soil nutrients can be in the order: home garden > wood land ≈ grazing land ≈ cropland, with home garden showing the least difference from the woodlot and the greatest from the cropland. In the agroecosystem, in general, the influence of smallholding home garden on SOC and soil nutrient was marginally different from Eucalyptus woodlot and grazing lands but evidently different from cropland. 相似文献
8.
Large leaching losses of sulphate contribute to the inefficient use of sulphur (S) fertilizer in some grazed hill country pastures in New Zealand. Laboratory mineralization studies were conducted to measure S, nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) mineralization rates and the potential for S leaching from surface soils of low (LS, 0–12°) and medium (MS, 13–25°) slope positions on hill country pastures. The soils differed in C, N and S contents as a result of different fertilizer histories and the uneven redistribution of nutrients by the grazing animal. Soils were incubated in columns for 140 d and leached periodically with 0.01 M KCl to remove mineralized sulphate, nitrate and ammonium. The net amounts of N and S mineralized were greater in soils on low slopes than medium slopes and in soils from pastures which had received fertilizer continuously, compared with those hill pastures that had not received single superphosphate fertilizer in the previous 7 years. In both cases more mineralization was associated with smaller soil C:nutrient ratios. However, the amounts of C mineralized were greater in soils from medium slopes where C:nutrient ratios were larger. In general, the ratio of N:S mineralized was smaller than the N:S ratio of the soil organic matter, suggesting that N is conserved while S remains in the soil solution susceptible to leaching. It is suggested that the extent of S leaching loss under field conditions will reflect S mineralization potential. 相似文献
9.
Purpose
Soils within the Lake Okeechobee drainage basin, FL, USA, have been impacted by beef cattle and dairy operations and the landscape ditched and drained to facilitate stocking and grazing pastures. Restoring wetlands located on pastures has been proposed to reduce overland loss of phosphorus (P) by retaining it within the soils. However, soil properties of deeper horizons within impacted wetlands are rarely investigated due to the assumption that most dominant biogeochemical interactions occur at the soil–water interface. In this paper, we investigate soil properties up to 160 cm below the surface from an impacted isolated wetland and its surrounding upland pasture. 相似文献10.
龙门山地震带坡耕地土壤侵蚀对有机碳迁移的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
坡耕地土壤再分布对土壤有机碳(SOC,soil organic carbon)迁移的作用机制研究已成为土壤侵蚀学研究的热点,然而目前极少有研究关注地震后生态脆弱的龙门山地震带坡耕地土壤侵蚀机理及其导致的土壤有机碳再分布规律。该研究选择龙门山地震带内(都江堰市)一块陡坡耕地和一个梯田系列,采用137Cs法和野外调查,对比分析强震导致田埂垮塌和未受损情况下坡耕地土壤侵蚀空间变化特征和有机碳运移变化机理。结果表明,该区黄棕壤有效137Cs背景值为1 473 Bq/m2;坡度较小的坡式梯田内部上坡表现为侵蚀,下坡表现为沉积,同时,上部梯田的侵蚀速率高于下部梯田,但整个梯田系列净侵蚀量非常小,这表明梯田之间由于缺乏田埂的保护,水力也起着侵蚀、搬运上坡梯田土壤的作用,但是整个坡式梯田系列可以起到较好的保土作用,同时,坡式梯田内部主要以耕作侵蚀为主,是造成梯田上部坡位土壤流失严重的主要原因;陡坡耕地的地形为复合坡,由于田埂垮塌导致其土壤侵蚀速率显著高于坡式梯田系列,在整个坡面上,除了坡顶土壤侵蚀速率高之外,下坡坡度变大(曲率较大)的部位土壤侵蚀速率也非常高,同时,土壤沉积也发生在2个坡位(中下坡坡度较缓的部位和坡脚部位);在梯田系列和陡坡耕地上,SOC与土壤137Cs的空间变化规律较为一致。研究结果表明,在龙门山地震带,质量较好的石埂梯田仍然发挥着较好的土壤保持效果,同时,耕作侵蚀是该区坡耕地上一种重要的土壤侵蚀形式,在制定相应的土壤保持措施时,必须充分考虑耕作侵蚀的作用,才能有效地控制土壤侵蚀,此外,该研究结果还表明采用137Cs核素示踪技术可以比较科学地解释该区域的土壤侵蚀速率和SOC的空间变异规律。 相似文献
11.
The impact of soil erosion on the nutrient dynamics in alpine grassland soils is still an essential problem. Selecting a grass-covered hillslope in eastern Tibet Plateau, the cesium-137 (137Cs) technique was used to determine the impacts of soil erosion on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK). The 137Cs data revealed that there were distinct soil redistribution patterns in different hillslope positions because of the influences of slope runoff, plant coverage and grazing activity. For the upper slope, soil erosion first decreased downward, followed by soil deposition in its lower part. In contrast, for middle and toe slopes, there was an increasing soil erosion along a downslope transect. Across the lower slope, soil erosion showed an irregular variation. Influenced by the selective transport of water erosion, SOC, TN and TP storage decreased with increasing soil erosion in upper, middle and toe slopes. In contrast, SOC, TN and TP storage varied little with soil erosion in the lower slope. On the whole hillslope, TK storage also varied little with soil erosion due to the large amount of potassium elements derived from soil parent materials. Particularly noteworthy was the greatest storage of SOC, TN and TP in the lower slope where most obvious net soil erosion occurred, which is closely related to the humus accumulation combined with gravel separation as well as weathering and pedogenesis of parent rocks induced by soil freeze-thaw. 相似文献
12.
Fabiola G. Valenzuela Que Gilberto Villanueva-López Alejandro Alcudia-Aguilar Ojilve Ramón Medrano-Pérez Luisa Cámara-Cabrales Pablo Martínez-Zurimendi Fernando Casanova-Lugo Deb Raj Aryal 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(2):1237-1249
Silvopastoral systems have great potential for storing carbon because of carbon assimilation in tree woody biomass, carbon input through litterfall and below-ground carbon turnover. In this study, we quantified and compared the carbon stocks at livestock ranches in Tabasco, Mexico, containing either scattered trees in grazing pastures (STP) or grass monocultures. Sampling plots were randomly established at each ranch where the above- and below-ground carbon stocks, carbon input from litterfall, grass production and arboreal biomass growth were measured. We found that silvopastoral systems stored an average of 257.45 Mg ha−1 of soil organic carbon (SOC) compared to 119.17 Mg SOC ha−1 at grass monoculture ranches (to 30 cm depth); silvopastoral systems also stored 44.64 Mg C ha−1 in wood biomass; and, grass monocultures had greater cumulative grass biomass production. Overall, it is concluded that livestock ranches in Tabasco, Mexico, with scattered trees in grazing pastures stored 58.8% more carbon than those grass monocultures, with carbon stocks of 327.01 Mg C ha−1and 134.47 Mg C ha−1, respectively. The results are useful for land management decision making for sustainable livestock systems framed in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). 相似文献
13.
The effects of tillage on soil organic carbon (SOC) and nutrient content of soil aggregates can vary spatially and temporally, and for different soil types and cropping systems. We assessed SOC and nutrient levels within water‐stable aggregates in ridges with no tillage (RNT) and also under conventional tillage (CT) for a subtropical rice soil in order to determine relationships between tillage, cation concentrations and soil organic matter. Surface soil (0–15 cm) was fractionated into aggregate sizes (>4.76 mm, 4.76–2.00 mm, 2.00–1.00 mm, 1.00–0.25 mm, 0.25–0.053 mm, <0.053 mm) under two tillage regimes. Tillage significantly reduced the proportion of macroaggregate fractions (>2.00 mm) and thus aggregate stability was reduced by 35% compared with RNT, indicating that tillage practices led to soil structural change for this subtropical soil. The patterns in SOC, total N, exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+ and total exchangeable bases (TEB) were similar between tillage regimes, but concentrations were significantly higher under RNT than CT. This suggests that RNT in subtropical rice soils may be a better way to enhance soil productivity and improve soil C sequestration potential than CT. The highest SOC was in the 1.00–0.25 mm fraction (35.7 and 30.4 mg/kg for RNT and CT, respectively), while the lowest SOC was in microaggregate (<0.025 mm) and silt + clay (<0.053 mm) fractions (19.5 and 15.7 mg/kg for RNT and CT, respectively). Tillage did not influence the patterns in SOC across aggregates but did change the aggregate‐size distribution, indicating that tillage affected soil fertility primarily by changing soil structure. 相似文献
14.
太白山不同海拔土壤碳、氮、磷含量及生态化学计量特征 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
为探究太白山土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量垂直分布特征,阐明土壤C、N、P生态化学计量学特征对海拔梯度的响应规律,在秦岭太白山1 700~3 500 m区域以100 m海拔间隔进行研究。结果表明:(1)不同海拔高度下土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷变化范围分别是23.56~83.59g kg-1、2.00~5.77 g kg-1、0.32~0.47 g kg-1。土壤有机碳与全氮含量随海拔梯度升高先增后降,土壤全磷含量空间变异较小;(2)土壤C∶N、C∶P、N∶P范围分别为7.17~18.41、60.61~190.4、5.81~12.26。随海拔增加,土壤C∶N在阔叶林带呈降低趋势,针叶林带时转变为增加趋势。土壤C∶P随海拔梯度的变化趋势与土壤C∶N类似,N∶P随海拔梯度增加先升后降,至3 200 m有所升高;(3)两个阔叶林带(辽东栎林带和桦木林带)与高山草甸的土壤C、N含量及生态化学计量比高。冷杉林带C、N含量及其生态化学计量比最小;(4)温度、含水量、海拔和植被对土壤C、N、P化学计量特征具有重要影响,通过冗余分析揭示每个因素分别可解释系统变异信息的25.0%、24.3%、11.1%和6.9%,合计为67.3%。可见这些环境因素直接决定了土壤养分及生态化学计量特征。结果可为探明森林土壤养分供应状况和限制因素及太白山生态系统的保护、森林土壤质量评价等提供基础。 相似文献
15.
The dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) pools determine potential carbon sequestration and soil nutrient improvement. This study investigated the characteristics of SOC pools in five types of cultivated topsoils (0–15 cm) in subtropical China using laboratory incubation experiments under aerobic conditions. The sizes and turnover rates of the active, slow and resistant C pools were simulated using a first‐order kinetic model. The relative influence of soil environmental properties on the dynamics of different SOC pools was evaluated by applying principal component analysis (PCA) and aggregated boosted trees (ABTs) analysis. The results show that there were significantly greater sizes of different SOC pools and lower turnover rates of slow C pool in two types of paddy soils than in upland soils. Land use exerted the most significant influence on the sizes of all SOC pools, followed by clay content and soil pH. The soil C/N ratio and pH were the major determinants for turnover rates of the active and slow C pools, followed by clay content which had more impact on the turnover rates of the active C pool than the slow C pool. It is concluded that soil type exerts a significant impact on the dynamics of SOC. 相似文献
16.
定量评估区域坡耕地土壤侵蚀分布规律,是科学制定坡耕地水土流失综合治理规划、开展坡耕地质量建设的基础,然而目前针对省域尺度坡耕地土壤侵蚀和养分流失规律的研究较少。该研究基于GIS空间分析技术和通用土壤流失方程（Universal Soil Loss Equation,USLE）,在模型参数率定与计算精度验证基础上,定量评价云南省坡耕地土壤侵蚀和养分流失特征。结果表明：1）云南省坡耕地土壤侵蚀面积为421.38万hm2,侵蚀总量为376.58×106 t/a,占全省侵蚀总量的63.02%,坡耕地是区域侵蚀产沙的主要策源地;坡耕地平均侵蚀模数为7 986.31 t/(km2.a),总体处于强烈侵蚀等级,剧烈侵蚀、极强烈侵蚀和强烈侵蚀是坡耕地侵蚀产沙的主要来源;不同分区坡耕地侵蚀模数和侵蚀量差异显著,滇西南区侵蚀强度最大,滇东南区侵蚀强度最小。2）随着坡度增加,坡耕地侵蚀面积比例、侵蚀强度、侵蚀量均呈较快增加趋势,土壤侵蚀主要来源于15～25°、>25°、>8～15°3个坡度级坡耕地。3）坡耕地流失土层厚度集中分布在0～12 mm/a之间,平均流失土层厚度为7.31 mm/a;耕层更新周期集中分布在20～200 a之间,均值为175.6 a,耕层更新周期-面积分布曲线呈先快速递增,并在某一峰值之后出现快速递减趋势。4）坡耕地养分流失空间分布存在差异性,土壤有机碳、全氮、速效钾、有效磷流失模数分别为223.60、23.94、1.59、0.15 t/（km2·a）,坡耕地养分流失是区域养分流失量的主要来源。研究可为区域坡耕地水土流失治理和坡耕地质量建设提供科学依据。 相似文献
17.
Spatial pattern and heterogeneity of soil properties in sand dunes under grazing and restoration in Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Xiaoan Zuo Halin Zhao Xueyong Zhao Tonghui Zhang Yirui Guo Shaokun Wang Sam Drake 《Soil & Tillage Research》2008,99(2):202-212
Applying a combination of classical and geostatistical methods, we identified soil properties and their spatial variation in a 5-year grazed sand dune (GSD5) and a 20-year recovered sand dune (RSD20) in Horqin Sandy Land, northern China. The paper assesses the effect of grazing, topography and vegetation restoration on spatial heterogeneity of soil properties. The results showed that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, very fine sand (0.1–0.05 mm) content and their coefficients of variation were lower in GSD5 than in RSD20, while soil water contents (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm depths) were higher in GSD5 than in RSD20. Geostatistical analysis revealed that the spatial structured variance accounted for the largest proportion of total sample variance in soil properties at the measured scale under grazing and restoration. The spatial autocorrelation ranges were 66.30 m for soil organic carbon and 50.80 m for total nitrogen in GSD5 less than those in RSD20 (70.00 m and 76.10 m, respectively), while the spatial autocorrelation ranges of soil particle size fractions and soil water contents in RSD20 were less than those in GSD5. Kriging-interpolated maps also showed that the heterogeneity of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen and their degree of patch fragmentation were higher in GSD5 than in RSD20. These results suggested that continuous grazing resulted in an increase in spatial variability of soil nutrient and a decrease in spatial variability of soil particle size fractions and soil water content. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen of sand dunes are associated closely with soil particle size fractions, relative height of sampling site and vegetation cover. Spatial patterns of soil properties are most strongly related to grazing, topography and plant-induced heterogeneity in sand dune ecosystems prone to wind erosion. 相似文献
18.
《国际水土保持研究(英文)》2023,11(1):86-96
The southeastern Tibetan Plateau, which profoundly affects East Asia by helping to maintain the stability of climate systems, biological diversity and clean water, is one of the regions most vulnerable to water erosion, wind erosion, tillage erosion, freeze–thaw erosion and overgrazing under global climate changes and intensive human activities. Spatial variations in soil erosion in terraced farmland (TL), sloping farmland (SL) and grassland (GL) were determined by the 137Cs tracing method and compared with spatial variations in soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (total N). The 137Cs concentration in the GL was higher in the 0–0.03 m soil layer than in the other soil layers due to weak migration and diffusion under low precipitation and temperature conditions, while the 137Cs concentration in the soil layer of the SL was generally uniform in the 0–0.18 m soil layer due to tillage-induced mixing. Low 137Cs inventories appeared at the summit and toe slope positions in the SL due to soil loss by tillage erosion and water erosion, respectively, while the highest 137Cs inventories appeared at the middle slope positions due to soil accumulation under relatively flat landform conditions. In the GL, the 137Cs data showed that higher soil erosion rates appeared at the summit due to freeze–thaw erosion and steep slope gradients and at the toe slope position due to wind erosion, gully erosion, freeze–thaw erosion and overgrazing. The 137Cs inventory generally increased from upper to lower slope positions within each terrace (except the lowest terrace). The 137Cs data along the terrace toposequence showed abrupt changes in soil erosion rates between the lower part of the upper terrace and the upper part of the immediate terrace over a short distance and net deposition on the lower and toe terraces. Hence, tillage erosion played an important role in the soil loss at the summit slope positions of each terrace, while water erosion dominantly transported soil from the upper terrace to the lower terrace and resulted in net soil deposition on the flat lower terrace. The SOC inventories showed similar spatial patterns to the 137Cs inventories in the SL, TL and GL, and significant correlations were found between the SOC and 137Cs inventories in these slope landscapes. The total N inventories showed similar spatial patterns to the inventories of 137Cs and SOC, and significant correlations were also found between the total N and 137Cs inventories in the SL, TL and GL. Therefore, 137Cs can successfully be used for tracing soil, SOC and total N dynamics within slope landscapes in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
19.
放牧对荒漠草原土壤养分及微生物量的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
[目的]探讨不同放牧强度对荒漠草原植被多样性、土壤理化性状、土壤养分及土壤微生物量的影响。[方法]以围封禁牧草地为对照,采用野外调查和室内分析的方法,对不同放牧强度下的草地土壤及植被展开调查。[结果]随放牧强度的增加,荒漠草原植被盖度、物种多样性、地上生物量、土壤养分和微生物量显著降低,土壤容重和pH值呈增加趋势,土壤电导率呈先增加后降低趋势,地下生物量则没有明显变化趋势;在植被作用下土壤养分和微生物量垂直方向表现递减规律并且在表层富集,"表聚性"较为明显;在放牧干扰下土壤全磷变异系数最高;放牧并没有改变荒漠草原土壤养分和微生物量的垂直分布特征;相关分析表明,放牧干扰下土壤微生物量与土壤养分之间具有较强的相关性,二者与土壤含水量也有较强的相关性。[结论]放牧强度对土壤全磷的空间变异影响较大,并且土壤微生物量对于放牧干扰的敏感性高于土壤养分全量;土壤养分和微生物量等地下生态系统各指标之间具有统一性。 相似文献
20.
Managed pastures have potential for C and N sequestration in addition to providing forage for livestock. Our objectives were to investigate changes in soil organic C (SOC) and soil organic N (SON) concentrations and mineralizable C and N in cattle (Bos indicus) grazed bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pastures up to 32 y after establishment. Management included low- and high-grazing intensity, fertilization, and winter overseeding with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and clover (Trifolium sp.). Soil (0-15 cm) was sampled 7, 15, 26, and 32 y after establishment of Coastal and common bermudagrass pastures. No significant differences in SOC or SON concentrations were observed between Coastal and common bermudagrass pastures. Grazing strategies played important roles in C and N sequestration, as high-grazing intensity resulted in a lower increase in SOC and SON concentrations over time compared to low-grazing intensity. Increases in SOC were observed up to 26 y, while increases in SON were observed up to 32 y after establishment of bermudagrass pastures. Soil organic C increased 67 and 39% from 7 to 26 y at low-grazing intensity for bermudagrass+ryegrass and bermudagrass+clover pastures, respectively. SOC and SON concentrations did not increase beyond 15 y after bermudagrass establishment at high-grazing intensity. An exception was the Coastal bermudagrass+ryegrass pastures, which exhibited higher SON at 32 y than at 7 y at both grazing intensities. By 32 y, SON increased 83 and 45% in Coastal bermudagrass+ryegrass pastures at low- and high-grazing intensity, respectively, compared to 7 y. The introduction of clover to pastures decreased SOC and SON relative to ryegrass at high- but not at low-grazing intensity. Potentially mineralizable C increased from 7 to 15 y, while mineralizable N increased from 7 to 32 y. Potentially mineralizable N was also greater for bermudagrass+clover than bermudagrass+ryegrass pastures. Long-term increases in SOC and SON concentrations suggest that managed and grazed pastures have strong potential for C and N sequestration. 相似文献