共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Hamann J 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2001,108(3):110-112
Automatic milking systems offer not only a marked improvement of the working conditions in dairy farms but also they may be able to improve the quality of life of the dairy farmer, the health and performance status of the cow and the milk quality. The current stage of development of automatic milking systems indicates that there are still some deficiencies in fulfilling the requirements of the milk hygiene regulations, the early identification of health problems and allowing veterinary measures. This paper details some aspects of cow and udder health and milk quality under the condition of automatic milking systems by discussing actual problems and potential future advantages. 相似文献
2.
M. Bogucki A. Sawa I. Kuropatwińska 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2017,67(1-2):66-70
The aim of the study was to determine the association of automatic milking systems milking frequency (≤2.40, 2.41–2.80 and >2.80 times/day) in primiparous and multiparous cows with their daily milk yield and milkability. The analysis included of the milk production level and the interaction between milking frequency per day and daily milk yield. Regardless of the daily production level, most primiparous cows were milked 2.41–2.80 times/day and most multiparous cows >2.80 times/day. Higher daily milk yield and a more favourable effect of increasing milking frequency on this parameter were observed in multiparous cows, with an increase from 29.7?kg (milking frequency ≤2.40 times/day) to 31.1?kg milk (>2.80 times/day). In primiparous cows, this increase was smaller and amounted to 0.8?kg milk (from 29.2 to 30.0?kg). 相似文献
3.
S. Rose-Meierhöfer A.B. MüllerL. Mittmann S. DembaA.-Ch. Entorf G. HoffmannC. Ammon H.-J. RudovskyR. Brunsch 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2014
An on-farm experiment was performed to investigate the effects of two milking systems on teat condition. An auto-tandem milking parlor made by GEA® with a conventional milking cluster (CON) and a single tube milking system called MultiLactor® (MULTI) from Siliconform GmbH were tested. For both milking system, in total 73 animals were milked over a period of seven months. To assess the effect of milking on teat condition, each teat was scored according to teat-condition evaluation systems. To evaluate teat condition, the teat color, ring formation at the teat base and formation of teat hyperkeratosis were assessed. The evaluation was conducted once a month after milking. The collected data were then statistically analyzed with generalized linear mixed models. The only differences found between the two milking systems occurred with respect to their effect on teat color. MULTI showed significantly better scores compared to CON. There were no significant differences between the milking systems with regard to teat-end hyperkeratosis and ring formation at the teat base. 相似文献
4.
Tine Rousing Jens Henrik Badsberg Ilka Christine Klaas Jens Hindhede Jan Tind Srensen 《Livestock Science》2006,101(1-3):219-227
The present study explores the welfare aspects of involuntary milking in dairy herds with an automatic milking system (AMS) as it focuses on whether fetching of cows for milking may be related to fear/discomfort of the automatic milking unit (AMU) or the milking itself and further, may strain the human–animal relationship. Behavioural data on cow reluctance when entering the AMU, stepping and kicking behaviour during milking and avoidance of humans was collected at 6 two-day visits to 8 Danish commercial AMS herds during a year. The data set for the analysis included one observation per cow of reluctance when entering the AMU and behaviour during milking of a total of 869 cows; 255 cows fetched for milking and 614 non-fetched cows. For 82 of the cows fetched for milking and for 370 of the non-fetched cows the data further included one observation per cow of avoidance towards an approaching unfamiliar human in a test situation. Multivariate analyses by conditional hierarchical log-linear models showed that fetchings were more frequent the first 14 days of lactation (P < 0.001). The multivariate analysis showed no associations between fetching and reluctance at entering the AMU, nor an association to stepping and kicking during milking. However, compared to non-fetched cows, fetched cows were more frequently avoiding the test person in the human approach test (P < 0.001). It is concluded that fetching may strain the human–animal relationship. 相似文献
5.
Recent studies in Japan of the effect of automatic milking systems (AMS) on the behavior of dairy cows have confirmed the labor-saving aspect of AMS, but have not solved some of the problems affecting milking traits. The influence of AMS on milking was examined in 39 Holstein cows at Iwate Agricultural Research Center from June 1998 to December 1999, by measuring and recording the yield per milking, milking finish time, milking frequency, and daily yield of milking. Four milking traits were analyzed separately as the objective variable in a linear model, with parity, days in milking, month after installation of the AMS as independent variables. Primiparous cows milked more frequently in the middle and late stage of lactation, yielded less per milking and less per day in the early stage of lactation than multiparous cows with the AMS. Lower frequencies were observed at noon and midnight for cleaning of the bulk tank. By contrast, higher milking frequency in the forenoon was shown. The yield per milking rose and declined, following a normal lactation curve. However, milking frequency rose slowly, and declined gradually in the late stage of lactation. After installing a one-way gate, the cows milked more frequently, with a lower yield per milking and a greater daily milk yield, than before installation. 相似文献
6.
It was the aim of this study to investigate the effect of various factors of the milking technique, milking hygiene and environment on microbial contamination of the milking machine. In 31 dairy herds, the degree of bacterial contamination was examined by taking swabs at four locations (teat cup liner, claw, short and long milk tube) before the milking procedure was started using a standardized protocol (DIN ISO 6887-1:1999). Furthermore, the total germ count was determined in the first milk entering the bulk tank as well as in the bulk tank milk following milking. For each farm, the quality of the milking process and the condition of the milking machine as well as of various environmental factors were recorded. A subjective evaluation of the status of the milking cluster or other parts of the milking machine ("good" or "moderate-poor") gave more information about bacterial contamination than the determination of age and type of material used. A temperature of the rinsing water of < 42 degrees C increased the contamination with Pseudomonas spp. and coliform bacteria. Milking clusters kept out of the cluster pick-up between milking had a higher risk of microbial contamination. Various methods of teat cleaning before milking or of postmilking teat disinfection did not affect the contamination of the milking machine and the bulk tank milk with environmental bacteria. Furthermore, type of bedding material affected bacterial contamination of milking clusters and bulk tank milk. In conclusion, our results suggest that the microbial contamination of the milking machine is not only influenced by the sanitation pro- 相似文献
7.
8.
F Wittwer 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》1974,116(3):115-133
9.
Bovine mastitis is typically caused by microbial infection of the udder, but the factors responsible for this condition are varied. One potential cause is the milking system, and although previous studies have investigated various methods for inspecting these devices, most have not assessed methods for evaluating the milking units. With this in mind, we analyzed the factors that affect the vacuum inside the milking claw by using a simulated milking device and by measuring milking claw vacuum when adjusting the flow rate in five stages. The factors analyzed in each milking system were the vacuum pressure settings (high and low line system) , milk tube length (200‐328 cm), aperture diameter (14‐22.2 mm), constricted aperture diameter (12 mm), tubing configurations, lift formation (0‐80 cm), claw type (bottom and top flow) and use or non‐use of a milk sampler. The study findings demonstrated that all of these variables had a significant impact on claw vacuum and suggest that a diagnostic method using a simulated milking device should be considered when inspecting modern milking systems. 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
马铃薯是人们生活中的一种常用蔬菜，其营养极为丰富，据测定，每５００克鲜马铃薯蛋白质８．４克、脂肪３．１克、碳水化合物７０克、粗纤维６．２克、钙４８毫克、铁４毫克、胡萝卜素０．０４毫克、硫胺素０．４４毫克、核黄素０．１３毫克、尼克酸１．８毫克。马铃薯既是一种常用蔬菜，而且又是饲喂奶牛的一种极好的优质多汁块茎类饲料。尤其是在夏季高温季节，由于奶牛怕热不怕冷，当外界气温高于２８℃时，就会出现热应激反应，从而导致泌乳奶牛食欲低，采食量少，膘下跌，泌乳量和体质下降等。为减轻高温热应激对奶牛泌乳量的影响，我… 相似文献
15.
Maria Caria Carlo Boselli Angela Calvo Silverio Grande Giuseppe Todde 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13667
The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the effect of working vacuum levels (35 and 44 kPa) and liners dimensions (mouthpiece lip diameter and overall length, 20–185 and 22–170 mm) on the main milking characteristics of goats. The results highlight that both the working vacuum level and the liner dimension have influenced the milk flow curve parameters. The maximum variations were found for peak flow rate, which increased significantly with liner dimensions of 20–185 mm at a working vacuum level of 44 kPa as well as average milk flow rate and for plateau phase duration. The incorrect adoption of operative parameters and unsuitable milking machine components, might affect the performance of the mechanical milking and negatively affecting animal productions and welfare. 相似文献
16.
17.
《Preventive veterinary medicine》1988,6(2):91-108
This paper presents data from 158 dairy herds in northern Norway. The influence of the milking machine and milking management on the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and herd cell counts was calculated from a least squares model by a backward elimination procedure. It was shown that 16–45% of the herd udder health variation found at the start of the programme could be associated with milking machine and milking management variables. The following variables were found to be of significance: number of clusters in the herd, vaccum, function and vaccum regulator, undulation of pipeline, limping of pulsator, rate of pulsator, type of claw-piece, hygienic/-technical condition of liner, preparation time, air admission during application of teat cups, overmilking and machine-on time. 相似文献
18.
一、把握奶水牛业发展的历史机遇从20世纪80年代起,我国奶水牛养殖拉开序幕。历经20多年艰难坎坷的发展,奶水牛产业已有了较好的发展基础,政策环境不断优化,科技支撑能力不断增强,资金投入力度不断加大,产业链条不断延伸,产品市场不断扩展,发展 相似文献
19.