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水稻稻纵卷叶螟及水稻螟虫防治技术指导 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
一、稻纵卷叶虫是为害水稻的一种重要害虫。近年来在我国水稻上危害日益加重,对水稻产量构成了严重威胁。
（一）为害状：稻纵卷叶螟主要危害水稻。以幼虫吐丝纵卷叶片结成虫苞,幼虫躲在苞内取食上表皮及叶肉组织,留下表皮,造成白叶。受害重的稻田一片枯白,使千粒重降低,瘪谷率增加,导致严重减产。 相似文献
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本研究测定了水稻对稻纵卷叶螟为害的单株水平动态生理补偿效应,同时测定了稻纵卷叶螟为害对水稻经济性状的影响。结果表明:受害叶表观光合强度下降,其幅度与受害程度、叶位及受害后时间有关;剑叶受害后同株未受害的倒二叶则对受害功能叶具有一定的补偿作用,表观光合强度增强,增强幅度与剑叶被害程度和披害后时间有关。在孕穗与抽穗期,幼虫所造成的为害,对水稻经济性状有不同程度的影响,其中结实率与幼虫密度呈负相关,产量损失率与幼虫密度呈正相关;而对有效穗数、每穗粒数及千粒重的影响则不显著。另外,作者从群体和个体水平分别讨论了水稻对稻纵卷叶螟力害的损失与补偿问题。 相似文献
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转cry1Ab基因粳稻对稻纵卷叶螟成虫产卵行为的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为评价转cry1Ab基因粳稻(KMD1和KMD2)对稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée)成虫产卵行为的影响,采用"Y"型嗅觉仪和笼罩以及田间试验等方法对稻纵卷叶螟成虫对转基因水稻的趋性以及其产卵选择性进行了研究,并利用固相微萃取和GC-MS技术测定了这2种Bt水稻及其对照亲本秀水11挥发物的组成及其相对含量。结果表明,稻纵卷叶螟成虫在"Y"型嗅觉仪和小型笼罩内对Bt水稻和对照亲本的选择性差异不显著,而在大型笼罩和田间条件下均显著趋向于在非转基因水稻上产卵,其中大田中稻纵卷叶螟在KMD1、KMD2和对照中的百叶卵量分别为2.20±1.28、1.00±0.77和5.60±2.16粒。水稻挥发物的组成及其相对含量在Bt水稻及其对照亲本之间差异不显著。表明相对于Bt水稻,在田间条件下稻纵卷叶螟成虫趋向于在非转基因水稻产卵,而水稻挥发物可能不是引起这种行为趋性的直接原因。 相似文献
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选用20亿PIB/m L甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂,验证该药剂对稻纵卷叶螟的杀虫效果和保叶效果,对稻田主要捕食性天敌的安全性及对水稻产量的影响。分别于水稻分蘖期和孕穗期稻纵卷叶螟低龄幼虫盛发高峰日以50 m L/667m~2的用量进行叶面常量喷施,第2次药后7 d稻纵卷叶螟虫口减退率88.24%,防治效果90.08%,药后14d卷叶率1.11%,保叶效果89.88%;对稻田主要捕食性天敌蜘蛛、隐翅虫、黑肩绿盲蝽的种群数量无不利影响。药剂处理区水稻结实率和千粒重分别比空白对照增加8.83%、4.26%,实收单产463.3 kg/667m~2,增产119.6 kg/667m~2,增产效果显著。 相似文献
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为掌握纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂的发生特点,对纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂在单作稻田和水稻-玉米邻作类型田的发生规律进行了调查.结果显示:水稻-玉米模式中纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂的数量在玉米的扬花期明显高于单作稻田,最高值为单作稻田模式的3.36倍,但是田间纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂的寄生率并不高于单作稻田模式.在单作稻田未施药系统田,纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂的数量显著高于施药系统田;并且与稻纵卷叶螟幼虫的数量密切相关.不论在何种种植模式下,纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂的雌性比一直处于低水平,在单作稻田下,雌性比为0.2～0.3,在水稻-玉米邻作田,其雌性比为0.25左右. 相似文献
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螺旋粉虱对不同甜椒品种的产卵选择性及与植物中化学物质的相互关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
［目的］ 明确螺旋粉虱对不同甜椒品种的产卵偏好性及其与甜椒体内化学物质含量的关系。［方法］ 采用非自由选择法测定了螺旋粉虱对不同甜椒品种的产卵偏好性,并测定不同甜椒品种体内单宁酸、总黄酮、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等化学物质含量,分析其与螺旋粉虱产卵选择的相关性。［结果］ 螺旋粉虱对‘古风7号’的选择性最强,产卵量显著高于‘特大型牟一号’、‘吉星’、‘京椒’、‘特大甜椒八号’等8个品种（α=0.05水平）,而与‘国禧205’、‘郑椒甜宝’、‘古风5号’等7个品种差异不显著。不同甜椒品种间的单宁酸含量、总黄酮含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量存在显著差异。相关分析表明,螺旋粉虱对甜椒品种的选择性与单宁酸、总黄酮不相关,与可溶性蛋白呈负相关,与可溶性糖含量呈正相关。［结论］ 螺旋粉虱对不同甜椒品种的偏好性存在显著差异,这种差异与甜椒体内一些化学物质含量不同有关。 相似文献
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针对安徽及周边地区近年来水稻条纹叶枯病大流行,以及给水稻生产带来的巨大损失,本研究以安徽地区生产上常用的16个早稻品种为材料,自然诱发探讨了不同水稻品种对条纹叶枯病的抗性,结果表明:供试16个早稻品种对条纹叶枯病的抗性可初步分为高抗、中抗和中感3个类型。其中高抗品种为‘Z7333’、‘Z7332’、‘YK19’、‘中香1号’,中抗品种为‘中早33’、‘浙辐001’、‘中早25’、‘优04-309’、‘Z5320’、‘早籼788’、‘早籼2430’、‘中基2号’、‘Z04-309’、‘Z04-113’、‘Z5317’,中感品种为‘浙辐203’。在灰飞虱成虫带毒率16.95%的基础上,调查了水稻品种‘武育粳3号’条纹叶枯病发病率与灰飞虱虫量的关系,水稻条纹叶枯病发病率与灰飞虱虫量呈显著的正相关;条纹叶枯病发病率(y)与灰飞虱虫量(x)的线性方程为:y=6.001 4+0.021 6x(R2=0.989 3*)。以离田埂距离x为自变量,发病率y为依变量,组建病害梯度曲线模型为y=0.636 103+43.557/x(R2=0.996 8)。 相似文献
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In the present study, 98.8 mm of bentazon was applied to 3‐leaf stage rice seedlings. Two tolerant lines, M202 and cv. TNG67, showed slightly visible injury, photosystem II inhibition, as well as a low level of lipid peroxidation 7 days after application compared with the susceptible lines. Further physiological study of the mechanism of differential tolerance among Japonica and Indica types indicated that, although the tolerant Japonica lines M202 and cv. TNG67 absorbed more 14C‐bentazon, most of the 14C remained in the treated leaf or translocated to older leaves. However, two susceptible lines, FSK (Japonica) and IR36 (Indica), absorbed less 14C‐bentazon throughout the experiment, and most of the 14C was translocated from the treated leaves to younger leaves, which might result in the death of developing tissues. In addition, more bentazon residue and less polar metabolites were detected in these two susceptible lines. It is proposed that the higher tolerance of lines M202 and TNG67 to bentazon could be mainly due to a higher rate of metabolism of this herbicide, and partially due to less translocation to developing tissues. 相似文献
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Hidejiro Shibayama 《Weed Biology and Management》2001,1(1):53-60
The area of paddy rice fields in Japan was 1.79 million ha in 1998 almost all of which was planted with young seedlings from nursery boxes by a mechanical rice transplanter. Japanese farmers controlled paddy weeds mainly by chemical herbicides, which were applied around 1.8 times in one growing season of rice by sequential treatment. The cost of herbicides was 35 320 ¥/ha on average, the main of which was ‘one‐shot’ herbicides, while weeding labor for the paddy field, including herbicide application, was 19.0 h/ha, or 29 976 ¥/ha in labor cost, in 1998. Under the Integrated Weed Management (IWM) for sustainable paddy rice production, other technologies for weed management are also recommended to paddy farmers, such as ecological or cultural, mechanical, biological methods and so on. 相似文献
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Rabiatuladawiyah Ruzmi Muhammad S. Ahmad‐Hamdani Baki B. Bakar 《Weed Biology and Management》2017,17(1):3-16
The management of weeds in Malaysian rice fields is very much herbicide‐based. The heavy reliance on herbicide for weed control by many rice‐growers arguably eventually has led to the development and evolution of herbicide‐resistant biotypes in Malaysian rice fields over the years. The continuous use of synthetic auxin (phenoxy group) herbicides and acetohydroxyacid synthase‐inhibiting herbicides to control rice weeds was consequential in leading to the emergence and prevalence of resistant weed biotypes. This review discusses the history and confirmed cases and incidence of herbicide‐resistant weeds in Malaysian rice fields. It also reviews the Clearfield Production System and its impact on the evolution of herbicide resistance among rice weed species and biotypes. This review also emphasizes the strategies and management options for herbicide‐resistant rice field weeds within the framework of herbicide‐based integrated weed management. These include the use of optimum tillage practices, certified clean seeds, increased crop competition through high seeding rates, crop rotation, the application of multiple modes of action of herbicides in annual rotations, tank mixtures and sequential applications to enable a broad spectrum of weed control, increase the selective control of noxious weed species in a field and help to delay the resistance evolution by reducing the selection pressure that is forced on those weed populations by a specific herbicidal mode of action. 相似文献
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Toshiyuki Imaizumi 《Weed Biology and Management》2018,18(2):99-102
Weedy rice is a conspecific weed of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) and is a primary weed of direct‐seeded rice production systems worldwide. The shift in the method of establishing rice, that is, from transplanting to direct seeding, is considered the main reason for the emergence of weedy rice in Asia and, more recently, Japan. Japan has increasingly adopted directly seeded rice, even though this practice remains limited. In this study, I confirmed the relationship between weedy red rice emergence and the adoption of direct‐seeded rice in Japan. Twenty‐seven areas from eight prefectures infested with weedy rice were selected to confirm the relationship between the rice planting method and the emergence of weedy rice. Fields that were severely infested with weedy rice were selected as survey fields for this study. I found no relationship between the method of planting rice and weedy rice emergence. Changes to herbicide application, duration of rice production and hand weeding also contribute to the emergence of weedy rice in transplanted rice fields in Japan. The results of this study indicate that weedy rice could become a serious problem in Japan, even in transplanted rice fields. 相似文献
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不同杀虫药剂对水稻“两迁”害虫田间药效研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对褐飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟（“两迁”害虫）化学防治药剂缺乏的现状,2013年对新烟碱类、三嗪酮类、几丁质合成抑制剂类、氨基甲酸酯类等6种杀虫药剂对褐飞虱以及双酰胺类、大环内酯类、缩氨基脲类、有机磷类等9种药剂对稻纵卷叶螟进行田间防治效果评价。结果表明,施药后5 d和10 d,氟啶虫胺腈、呋虫胺、噻虫嗪、吡蚜酮对褐飞虱的防效分别为77.9%~90.9%和77.0%~90.5%,异丙威和噻嗪酮防效分别为40.1%~65.9%和20.6%~49.9%,氟啶虫胺腈、呋虫胺、吡蚜酮与异丙威、噻嗪酮防效差异显著。施药后14 d,茚虫威、四氯虫酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、氰氟虫腙防治稻纵卷叶螟的保叶效果都在80%以上,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐为71.3%,溴氰虫酰胺、稻散×毒死蜱、丙溴磷保叶效果为62.2%~69.9%,茚虫威、四氯虫酰胺与丙溴磷差异显著;茚虫威、四氯虫酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、氰氟虫腙、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、丙溴磷、稻散·毒死蜱杀虫效果都在90%以上,与溴氰虫酰胺防效61.9%差异显著。建议在实践中,可轮换使用噻虫嗪、吡蚜酮、呋虫胺、氟啶虫胺腈防治褐飞虱,轮换使用双酰胺类、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、茚虫威、氰氟虫腙、有机磷类防治稻纵卷叶螟。 相似文献
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Transgenic herbicide‐resistant rice is needed to control weeds that have evolved herbicide resistance, as well as for the weedy (feral, red) rice problem, which has been exacerbated by shifting to direct seeding throughout the world—firstly in Europe and the Americas, and now in Asia, as well as in parts of Africa. Transplanting had been the major method of weedy rice control. Experience with imidazolinone‐resistant rice shows that gene flow to weedy rice is rapid, negating the utility of the technology. Transgenic technologies are available that can contain herbicide resistance within the crop (cleistogamy, male sterility, targeting to chloroplast genome, etc.), but such technologies are leaky. Mitigation technologies tandemly couple (genetically link) the gene of choice (herbicide resistance) with mitigation genes that are neutral or good for the crop, but render hybrids with weedy rice and their offspring unfit to compete. Mitigation genes confer traits such as non‐shattering, dwarfism, no secondary dormancy and herbicide sensitivity. It is proposed to use glyphosate and glufosinate resistances separately as genes of choice, and glufosinate, glyphosate and bentazone susceptibilities as mitigating genes, with a six‐season rotation where each stage kills transgenic crop volunteers and transgenic crop × weed hybrids from the previous season. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献