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1.
The case of a 2‐year‐old gelding with acute onset of preputial swelling and prolapse is presented. After initiating conservative management using a penile repulsion device, the horse repeatedly displayed signs of mild abdominal discomfort with sudden deterioration to an episode of violent colic after 5 days of hospitalisation. Ultrasonographic examination of the preputial swelling at that time demonstrated the presence of small intestine between the internal and external laminae of the prepuce and led to the diagnosis of a direct preputial hernia. The contents of the hernia were readily reduced through a defect in the ventral abdominal wall after the anaesthetised horse was placed in dorsal recumbency. The historical information, clinical progression and surgical findings were supportive of an acquired ventral abdominal wall defect. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a direct preputial hernia associated with an acquired ventral abdominal wall defect.  相似文献   

2.
A recently castrated horse was examined because of preputial and ventral abdominal swelling, prolapse of the preputial fold, and serosanguinous fluid dripping from the external urethral orifice. After a poor response to initial medical management, a urethral laceration was found during exploratory surgery. Half of the ventral portion of the corpus cavernosum penis had been transected. Primary closure was followed by healing without complications.  相似文献   

3.
This study was designed to determine the effects of experimental inoculation with pseudorabies virus on the reproductive tracts of young adult boars. Pseudorabies virus was inoculated intranasally into 12 boars and intrapreputially into four boars. All animals seroconverted after nasal or preputial inoculation. Semen abnormalities were observed 21 days postinoculation with partial recovery by 50 days postinoculation. Virus was isolated from the preputial sheath of two intrapreputially inoculated boars 12 days postinoculation. It was concluded that pseudorabies virus infection can be established via preputial inoculation and that decreased spermatogenesis and infertility can result.  相似文献   

4.
A 14-year-old male poodle weighing 7.5 kg presented due to complications after preputial urethrostomy for management of preprostatic urethral rupture. Revision surgery was performed with preputial tube-flap urethroplasty via preputiotomy. A longitudinal flap was raised from the prepuce and anastomosed to the end of the previously cut urethra to create a neourethra and reduce tension at the urethrostomy site. Follow-up retrograde positive contrast urethrography performed 10 days and 6 months postoperatively showed no contrast leakage from either the neourethra tube flap or new preputial urethrostomy. A follow-up email questionnaire, based on the American Urological Association Symptom Index, was completed by the owner 6 months after surgery. The dog had excellent symptom scores, and urinated from the prepuce without difficulty in a manner resembling physiological urination.  相似文献   

5.
CASE DESCRIPTION: A 6-year-old castrated male Shih Tzu was evaluated because of intermittent bleeding during urination. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Necrosis of the cranial portion of the penile shaft extended distally from the preputial fornix. Penile necrosis secondary to strangulation from paraphimosis was diagnosed. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: A midline preputiotomy incision was used to expose the penile shaft; amputation was performed caudal to the preputial fornix. The terminal portion of the urethra was anastomosed to the preputial mucosa, which allowed the dog to urinate through the preputial orifice. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Unlike the more conventional urethrostomy procedures performed in dogs, preputial urethrostomy eliminates the potential for local skin irritation during urination. Preputial urethrostomy is also easier to perform in those dogs in which penile amputation is required adjacent to the preputial fornix. A release incision cranial to the prepuce can be used to facilitate caudal displacement of the preputial mucosa, which facilitates urethral anastomosis to this structure. A midline preputiotomy incision provided excellent exposure of the penile shaft for this surgical procedure.  相似文献   

6.
A preputial foreign body caused severe preputial swelling and depression in a 4-year-old Shorthorn bull. Disruption of the preputial epithelium by the foreign body resulted in abscess formation lateral to the prepuce. A patent urethral fistula, probably a complication of prior fibropapilloma excisional surgery, was also detected on the distal portion of the glans penis. Foreign body removal, antimicrobial administration, and warm hydrotherapy resolved the swelling and abscess. Electroejaculation was used to extend the penis and to minimize preputial adhesions. Breeding soundness examinations were used to evaluate breeding potential.  相似文献   

7.
Venereal infection of bulls with bovine herpesvirus type 1.2 (BHV-1.2) may result in acute balanoposthitis followed by the establishment of latent infection, presumably in dorsal root nerve ganglia. We herein report the characterization of the acute and latent infection of young bulls with a Brazilian BHV-1.2 isolate and the investigation of neural and non-neural sites in which viral DNA persists during latent infection, i.e. 110 days after inoculation and 50 days after experimental reactivation. Intrapreputial inoculation of BHV-1.2 isolate SV-56/90 (10(6.5)pfu per animal) resulted in severe balanoposthitis, characterized by redness of the penis and preputial mucosa, coalescent vesicles and fibrinous exsudate in all four infected bulls. Virus shedding was detected in preputial secretions and semen up to days 14 and 13 pi, respectively. Dexamethasone administration at day 60 pi led to reactivation of the infection in all animals, resulting in virus shedding in preputial secretions and/or in semen. At day 50 post-reactivation (pr), the animals were euthanized and regional tissues were collected for PCR and virus isolation. Viral DNA was consistently detected in the dorsal root ganglia of nerves genito-femoral (4/4) and obturator (4/4); frequently in the pudendal (3/4), sciatic (3/4) and rectal caudal nerve ganglia (2/3). In addition, viral DNA was detected in the pelvic sympathetic plexus of one bull and in regional lymph nodes (deep inguinal (2/4); sacral (1/4); medial iliac (1/4)) of two bulls. No infectious virus could be recovered from homogenates of DNA positive tissues, indicating the absence of actively replicating virus. These results demonstrate that BHV-1.2 DNA may persist in several sacral nerve ganglia and in regional lymph nodes as well during latent infection, i.e. 50 days after experimental reactivation. These findings may help in understanding the pathogenesis of acute and latent genital infection by BHV-1.2.  相似文献   

8.
Vaginal prolapse is a condition characterised by excessive accumulation of mucosal oedema and protrusion of hyperplastic tissue through the vulva. It has been reported in ruminants and canines, but has not been characterised in felines. This report describes the history, clinical signs and treatment of a pregnant Maine coon cat with a Type III vaginal prolapse diagnosed approximately 54 days after the first day of mating. Prior to queening, the prolapse was reduced and retained using a vulvar cruciate suture. Due to the risk of dystocia and recurrence, a caesarean section with ovariohysterectomy was performed. Postoperatively, a stay suture was maintained in the vulva for 2 weeks, resulting in permanent reduction of the vaginal prolapse. To the authors’ knowledge, this case represents the first report of the successful management of vaginal prolapse in a pregnant cat.  相似文献   

9.
Experimental infection of the reproductive tracts of heifers and bulls with Tetratrichomonas sp. isolated from preputial smegma of virgin bulls was attempted. Nine heifers and four bulls were challenged by inoculation of 7 x 10(6) Tetratrichomonas sp. into the vaginal lumen and preputial cavity, respectively. Vaginal mucus and preputial smegma samples were collected and cultured for Tetratrichomonas sp. Heifers were slaughtered in groups of three at 2, 9 and 21 days after inoculation. Two heifers and two bulls infected with Tritrichomonas foetus and two uninfected heifers were used as controls for the model infection. Tetratrichomonas sp. were only isolated in vaginal mucus of 7/9 inoculated heifers at 6h post-inoculation, and genital secretions taken at slaughter time from vagina, uterus and oviduct were cultural negative. Bulls challenged with Tetratrichomonas sp. remained cultural negative. Since Tetratrichomonas sp. survived only a few hours in the female genitalia and did not survive in the male genitalia after experimental challenge, Tetratrichomonas sp. did not colonize the genital tract. These were likely trichomonads from the digestive tract. Collection of clean samples without fecal contamination from the reproductive tract is proposed as a measure to avoid Tetratrichomonas sp. transitory genital infection.  相似文献   

10.
An eight-week-old male Boston terrier presented for penile desiccation and urine pooling in the prepuce due to congenital hypospadias. An advancement flap was created from the dorsal mucosa of the incompletely formed prepuce and sutured circumferentially to construct a longer distal preputial mucosa. V- to Y-plasty of the ventral abdominal skin was utilised to create the preputial skin overlying the mucosal flap. Urethrostomy and partial penile amputation were also performed. Following surgery, the clinical signs of penile desiccation and preputial urine pooling resolved and acceptable cosmetic appearance was achieved. This technique may be considered for glandular or penile hypospadias or following resection of the ventral aspect of the distal prepuce when inadequate tissue is present for a simple two-layer closure of the preputial mucosa and skin.  相似文献   

11.
Efficacy of ipronidazole against trichomoniasis in beef bulls   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
Preputial smegma samples from 195 beef bulls were collected repeatedly and cultured for Tritrichomonas foetus. Seventy-five (38.5%) of these bulls were positive for trichomonads on at least 1 culture. Sensitivity of the culture procedure (number of positive cultures/number of total cultures from known-positive bulls) was 81.6%. Storage of preputial smegma in lactated Ringer's solution at 5 C for 24 hours resulted in a 14% loss of sensitivity. Seventy-three of the 75 infected bulls were available for treatment and were alloted randomly to 2 groups. Bulls in both groups were treated with procaine penicillin (7,000 IU/kg, IM) for 2 days before ipronidazole treatment. Thirty grams of ipronidazole powder was dissolved in 60 ml of sterile water, and was given IM to group 1 bulls. Group 2 bulls were given a similar 30-g ipronidazole solution IM on day 1, and were given 15 g of ipronidazole dissolved in 30 ml of sterile water on days 2 and 3. Efficacy of treatment (ie, negative cultures of preputial smegma for trichomonads for 6 consecutive weeks after treatment) was 92.8% for the 42 bulls treated once and 100% for the 31 bulls treated 3 times.  相似文献   

12.
Objective— To report a surgical technique for creation of a urethral conduit using a preputial indirect flap.
Study Design— Case report.
Animals— Male Doberman Pinscher (6 weeks old).
Methods— A urethral conduit was constructed using a multistage preputial indirect flap in a dog with severe perineal hypospadias.
Results— Successful transfer of a perineal located urethral meatus to a more anatomically normal inguinal location was achieved with a preputial flap. The procedure was performed to aid control of recurrent urinary tract infections after anal and urethral separation in a dog with imperforate anus, urethrorectal fistula, and proximal perineal hypospadias.
Conclusions— Creation of a urethral conduit from a tubed bipedicle flap using redundant preputial tissue eliminated fecal contamination of the urethral meatus, aiding control of urinary tract infection. A good functional and cosmetic outcome was achieved.
Clinical Relevance— This technique should be considered in aiding control and prevention of urinary tract infections in dogs with proximal perineal hypospadias where a preputial remnant exists.  相似文献   

13.
This Case Report describes severe complications associated with uterine prolapse in a mare. A 6‐year‐old Trakehner mare was examined for depression, moderate pain and vaginal discharge 3 days after correction of a uterine prolapse. The clinical examination and haematology revealed that the mare had an infection with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and shock. Due to the uncontrollable, persistent pain, an exploratory celiotomy was performed which revealed severe metritis. During anaesthesia, the mare developed severe cardiovascular compromise and died in recovery. In previously reported cases of uterine prolapse in the mare, the authors warn of uterine injury, broad ligament haemorrhage, metritis, endotoxaemia and laminitis but often have a successful outcome with conventional therapy. This case describes a mare that developed severe complications and death after uterine prolapse. Mares with uterine prolapse require appropriate treatment and vigilant monitoring post treatment to prevent life threatening complications.  相似文献   

14.
Uterine and vaginal collagen content and plasma oestradiol concentration were measured in traditional, male-line and prolapsed male-line turkeys to investigate the higher incidence of uterine prolapse in the male-line strain. The effect of exogenous oestradiol on vaginal collagen and plasma oestradiol was also tested in the traditional and male-line strains. Vaginal collagen was significantly lower in the male-line compared to the traditional-line, while it was lowest in prolapsed male-line turkeys. Plasma oestradiol concentration was higher in the traditional-line than the male-line. No difference in plasma oestradiol concentration was found between prolapsed and non-prolapsed male-line turkeys. Administration of oestradiol for 7 days significantly raised plasma oestradiol concentration but had no effect on vaginal collagen. Decreased vaginal collagen content was associated with uterine prolapse and may predispose the male-line strain to uterine prolapse. There was no evidence from these results to support an involvement of oestradiol in uterine prolapse in male-line turkeys.  相似文献   

15.
The sheath and prepuce are anatomically simple yet vital parts of the mating apparatus of the bull. They are also susceptible to a range of insults, and pathology of these structures is a common cause of infertility in both Bos taurus and Bos indicus bulls. Significant individual and breed-based variation occurs in the looseness of the skin, the presence and development of preputial muscles, the relative position of the opening to the cranial preputial muscles, the length of the prepuce, and the prominence of the umbilicus. Individual and breed-based susceptibility to different conditions is associated with these anatomical variations. Regardless of the cause, pathology of the prepuce generally results in sepsis, prolapse, stenosis or adhesions or a combination. Clinical examination should be aimed at determining the extent of these processes and the amount of healthy prepuce which would remain following successful treatment. The inclusion of evaluation of sheath conformation in the form of a sheath score is recommended. Current scoring systems do not reflect the diversity of predisposing factors to morbidity and may therefore fail to accurately reflect the risk of morbidity. A more detailed scoring system has been proposed. Further refinement of this system is outlined, consisting of a composite of scores for depth, umbilical skin fold, prepuce eversion, and distance from cranial muscle to opening (the ‘Y’ factor). Validation against actual bull performance is indicated to develop a valid and useful risk-management tool for use in evaluating sheath conformation.  相似文献   

16.
: This clinical case report described a three-month-old mongrel dog that had the urethral orifice opening 3 cm from the tip of the penis and lacked a completely formed preputial sheath. It was presented to the clinic with an exposed penile shaft that was dry. The dog had urinary incontinence that was not of neurological origin. It also had unilateral agenesis of the right testicle. The preputial sheath was successfully reconstructed. Urinary incontinence stopped soon after surgery, suggesting that it had been probably due to an ascending urethritis. A large preputial opening was left because of the location of the urethral opening.  相似文献   

17.
An acute rectal mucosal prolapse in a 26-yr-old Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) was repaired surgically by mucosal resection. Two days postoperatively, suture line dehiscence accompanied by substantial hemorrhage was managed by ligation and hemostasis during a second immobilization. Medical management with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and diuretics reduced the mucosal edema and prevented recurrence of the prolapse. A combination of butorphanol and detomidine provided excellent reversible chemical restraint for this animal.  相似文献   

18.
Three different methods of collecting preputial material for bacteriological examination were compared using 3 bulls infected with Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus. The first method utilised a specially designed instrument to scrape the preputial and penile mucosa, int he second method plastic pipettes were used to aspirate material and the third method involved washing the preputial cavity with sterile peptone water. Bacteriological examination of the samples showed conclusively that scraping was the method of choice because more C. fetus positive samples were identified and there was less interference from contaminating organisms.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE-To evaluate a laparoscopic technique for implantation of a urinary catheter in the right paramedian area in male sheep and to determine feasibility, benefits, and risks for this technique. DESIGN-Evaluation study. ANIMALS-6 Healthy male sheep (mean +/- SD body weight, 42.16 +/- 11.95 kg [92.75 +/- 26.29 lb]). PROCEDURES-Each sheep was anesthetized and positioned in dorsal recumbency. A 10-mm laparoscope was inserted in the right paramedian area between the xiphoid and preputial orifice. After creation of capnoperitoneum, grasping forceps were inserted in the left paramedian area at the level of the teats and used to immobilize the urinary bladder. A pigtail balloon catheter was implanted transcutaneously in the right paramedian area between the preputial orifice and teats and directed into the urinary bladder by use of laparoscopic guidance. The catheter was removed 10 days after implantation. Fourteen days after initial surgery, a second laparoscopy was performed to evaluate pathologic changes. RESULTS-Inadvertent insertion of the first trocar into the rumen of 1 sheep was the only intraoperative complication encountered. Laparoscopic-assisted implantation of the urinary catheter was successfully performed in all sheep. No postoperative complications were detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE-Laparoscopic-assisted implantation of a urinary catheter in the right paramedian area was successfully performed and may be a feasible method for use in sheep. This method can be considered as an alternative to tube cystotomy performed by laparotomy.  相似文献   

20.
Two trials were carried out to assess the diagnostic sensitivity and practicability of preputial scraping as a method of collecting preputial material from bulls infected with Tritrichomonas foetus. In the 1st trial, preputial material was collected by simultaneous scraping and aspiration from 3 infected and 1 uninfected bull 10 times over a 5-week period. In the 2nd trial, samples from 5 infected bulls were collected by both sheath washing and scraping on 6 occasions, while 8 uninfected animals were sampled 3 times. Samples were cultured using a modified Trichomonas culture medium (Oxoid). In the first trial, 29 of 30 samples from infected bulls were found to be positive. In the second trial, 83 % of samples collected by both methods tested positive. In neither trial were any samples from the control bulls found to be positive. Scraping was found to be quick and safe, and offered advantages over preputial washing in that urine contamination was easily avoided, samples were smaller and more concentrated and contamination was reduced. It may, however, be subject to greater operator variability than sheath washing. It is concluded that preputial scraping is as effective as washing and represents a suitable alternative for the collection of material for direct examination and culture of Tritrichomonas foetus.  相似文献   

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