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1.
Objective: To characterize the clinical characteristics, electrolyte changes, acid–base changes, and renal parameters in a consecutive population of cats with urethral obstruction. Design: Retrospective clinical study. Setting: University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Animals: Two hundred and twenty‐three male cats that presented consecutively with urethral obstruction between 1997 and 1999. Interventions: None. Measurements and main results: The medical records of 223 cats with urethral obstruction were reviewed for signalment, previous medical history, indoor/outdoor status, body weight, clinical signs, physical examination findings, renal function tests (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine), and blood gas and electrolyte analysis. The majority of cats were relatively stable without serious metabolic derangements. Only 12% (24/199) of cats had severe hyperkalemia (>8.0 mmol/L). Hyperkalemia did not occur in isolation; the majority of these cats had concurrent acidemia and low ionized calcium concentrations. Potassium was significantly inversely correlated with pH, bicarbonate, pCO2, sodium, chloride, and ionized calcium, but positively correlated with blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Ionized calcium was positively correlated with pH and bicarbonate. Of the animals with a potassium concentration greater than 8.0 mmol/L, 75% (18/24) had an ionized calcium concentration of less than 1.0 mmol/L. Seventy‐nine percent (19/24) of cats with a potassium concentration greater than 8.0 mmol/L had a blood pH<7.20. Similarly, 74% (23/31) of cats with a pH<7.20 had an ionized calcium concentration <1.00 mmol/L. Conclusions: The majority of cats with urethral obstruction presented with mild electrolyte and blood gas changes and were relatively stable, although 12% of cats had multiple, life‐threatening metabolic derangements. Of 219 cats in this study, 205 (93.6%), where it could be determined, survived to discharge from the hospital, supporting the fact that most cats with urethral obstruction survive the acute episode with emergency treatment.  相似文献   

2.
A study was conducted to determine the circadian rhythms and trends of vitamin D metabolites including 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D2, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone, in addition to serum calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentrations in horses over 48 h on the shortest and longest days of the year in 2013. Five healthy adult horses (Equus caballus) were on a constant pasture feeding regimen, and blood samples were collected from each horse every 3 h over a 48‐h period, starting at 07:00 PM on day one and finishing at 07:00 PM on day three, for the measurement of calciotropic hormones and electrolytes. There was a significant difference between the serum concentration of calciotropic hormones, iCa, tCa, P and tMg between the shortest (winter) and longest (summer) days of the year in horses. Serum concentration of 25OHD3 was very low and mostly undetectable. Serum iCa, 1,25(OH)2D and PTH concentrations clearly showed a circadian rhythm on the longest days of the year and serum tCa, P and tMg concentrations showed a diurnal pattern on the longest days (summer) of the year. None of the analytes showed any circadian rhythm on the shortest days (winter) of the year. The result of this study could have significant relevance to equine athletes travelling to international equestrian competitions and facing a huge time and seasonal differences that might affect their ability to adjust their circadian rhythms to new time zones.  相似文献   

3.
Objective: To determine the arterial blood pressure at presentation in male cats with acute urethral obstruction, and to determine whether there was any correlation between these measurements and concurrent metabolic abnormalities. Design: Prospective, single cohort, observational study. Setting: Private, small animal, after‐hours emergency clinic. Animals: Twenty‐eight client‐owned male cats with acute urethral obstruction and no other known coexisting disease. Interventions: Indirect oscillometric blood pressure measurements obtained before blood sampling and treatment. Measurements and main results: Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) measurements, physical examination parameters, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, potassium, phosphorus, total calcium and magnesium concentration, venous pH, lead II electrocardiogram, and urine volume in bladder were evaluated. No cats were hypotensive at presentation; 71% (20/28) were normotensive (median MAP=100 mmHg, range 93–140 mmHg); and 29% (8/28) were hypertensive (median MAP=153 mmHg, range 145–176 mmHg). Compared with hypertensive cats, normotensive cats had significantly lower heart rates (P=0.0201) and lower calcium (P=0.0152). For all 28 cats, MAP correlated with serum potassium and total calcium (P=0.0033). Conclusions: Though potassium and total calcium were inversely and directly correlated respectively with blood pressure in cats with urethral obstruction, none of the cats were hypotensive on presentation. Normotension on admission does not support the absence of biochemical and physical abnormalities in obstructed cats.  相似文献   

4.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate calcium balance and parathyroid gland function in healthy horses and horses with enterocolitis and compare results of an immunochemiluminometric assay (ICMA) with those of an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for determination of serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations in horses. ANIMALS: 64 horses with enterocolitis and 62 healthy horses. PROCEDURES: Blood and urine samples were collected for determination of serum total calcium, ionized calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+), phosphorus, BUN, total protein, creatinine, albumin, and PTH concentrations, venous blood gases, and fractional urinary clearance of calcium (FCa) and phosphorus (FP). Serum concentrations of PTH were measured in 40 horses by use of both the IRMA and ICMA. RESULTS: Most (48/64; 75%) horses with enterocolitis had decreased serum total calcium, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations and increased phosphorus concentrations, compared with healthy horses. Serum PTH concentration was increased in most (36/51; 70.6%) horses with hypocalcemia. In addition, FCa was significantly decreased and FP significantly increased in horses with enterocolitis, compared with healthy horses. Results of ICMA were in agreement with results of IRMA. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Enterocolitis in horses is often associated with hypocalcemia; 79.7% of affected horses had ionized hypocalcemia. Because FCa was low, it is unlikely that renal calcium loss was the cause of hypocalcemia. Serum PTH concentrations varied in horses with enterocolitis and concomitant hypocalcemia. However, we believe low PTH concentration in some hypocalcemic horses may be the result of impaired parathyroid gland function.  相似文献   

5.
BACKGROUND: Chronic renal failure is complicated by secondary hyperparathyroidism, which traditionally has been controlled by dietary restriction of phosphorus and administration of phosphorus binders. Early treatment of patients with chronic renal failure with calcitriol may be indicated because once established, parathyroid gland hyperplasia does not readily resolve with therapy. HYPOTHESIS: Daily and intermittent dosing of calcitriol will decrease plasma parathyroid hormone concentration in normal cats and cats with chronic renal failure without causing ionized hypercalcemia. ANIMALS: Ten normal cats; 10 cats with chronic renal failure. METHODS: Phase 1 was daily calcitriol administration (2.5 ng/kg PO q24h) for 14 days. Phase 2 was intermittent calcitriol administration (8.75 ng/kg PO q84h) for 14 days. A 7-day washout period separated phases 1 and 2. Before each phase, calcitriol, parathyroid hormone, and ionized calcium concentrations were measured. On days 1, 2, and 3 of both phases, serum ionized calcium concentrations were measured. On the last day of both phases, calcitriol, parathyroid hormone, and ionized calcium concentrations were measured 0, 2, 4, and 6 hours after calcitriol administration. RESULTS: Overall, serum parathyroid hormone concentrations were significantly higher in cats with chronic renal failure than in normal cats (P = .022), but serum parathyroid hormone concentrations for both normal cats and cats with chronic renal failure were not significantly different before and after 14 days of treatment with calcitriol, regardless of whether calcitriol was administered daily or intermittently. Adverse effects of calcitriol administration (specifically ionized hypercalcemia) were not seen in either feline group during either phase of the study over the 3-day evaluation after calcitriol administration was initiated. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: At the dosages used, calcitriol treatment did not result in significant differences in serum parathyroid hormone concentrations before and after treatment in both normal cats and cats with chronic renal failure. With these dosages, adverse affects of calcitriol administration were not seen. Potential reasons for lack of apparent effect include small sample size, insufficient duration of study, insufficient dosage of calcitriol, problems with formulation or administration of calcitriol, and variable gastrointestinal absorption of calcitriol.  相似文献   

6.
Objectives : To compare serum vitamin D metabolites and plasma parathyroid hormone concentrations in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease and normal albumin concentration, dogs with inflammatory bowel disease and hypoalbuminaemia, healthy dogs and hospitalised ill dogs with non‐gastrointestinal illness. Methods : Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured in 36 healthy dogs, 49 hospitalised ill dogs with non‐gastrointestinal illnesses, 21 dogs with inflammatory bowel disease and normoalbuminaemia and 12 dogs with inflammatory bowel disease and hypoalbuminaemia. Plasma parathyroid hormone and ionised calcium concentrations were measured in a subset of these dogs. Results : Concentrations of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D were lower in hypoalbuminaemic dogs with inflammatory bowel disease than in the healthy dogs (P<0·001), hospitalised ill dogs (P<0·001) and normoalbuminaemic dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (P<0·001). Dogs with inflammatory bowel disease and hypoalbuminaemia had a higher plasma concentration of parathyroid hormone (P<0·01) and lower plasma concentration of ionised calcium (P<0·001) than hospitalised ill dogs. Dogs with inflammatory bowel disease had a positive correlation between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and serum albumin (P<0·0001), serum calcium (P<0·0001) and plasma ionised calcium (P<0·0005) concentrations. Clinical Significance : Dogs with inflammatory bowel disease and hypoalbuminaemia frequently have ionised hypocalcaemia, high parathyroid hormone and low serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Further studies are indicated to establish the pathogenesis of this disease complication as well as therapeutic strategies to reverse this state.  相似文献   

7.
Functional analysis of ectopic parathyroid activity in cats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The ability of ectopic parathyroid tissue to support calcium homeostasis was evaluated by measuring serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, albumin, magnesium, and parathyroid hormone before and for 12 weeks after bilateral thyroparathyroidectomy in 14 cats. During the immediate postoperative period, significant decrease was observed in serum calcium, magnesium, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations. Serum PTH concentration remained subnormal and did not significantly increase during the 12-week observation period. Despite persistent hypoparathyroidism, serum calcium and magnesium concentrations gradually increased. Ectopic parathyroid tissue is not capable of maintaining normal serum calcium concentration immediately after thyroparathyroidectomy. Serum calcium concentration gradually normalizes after thyroparathyroidectomy, apparently by means of a PTH-independent mechanism.  相似文献   

8.

Background

Hypocalcemia is a documented electrolyte disturbance in people and animals with sepsis, but its mechanism is poorly understood.

Objective

To investigate mechanisms of hypocalcemia in dogs with experimentally induced endotoxemia.

Animals

Six healthy mixed breed dogs were included in this nonrandomized, placebo‐controlled, crossover study.

Methods

Dogs initially were injected with placebo (0.9% NaCl; 1 mL, IV) and then lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 2 μg/kg, IV) after a 5‐day washout period. Blood and urine samples were collected for measurement of serum total calcium (tCa), ionized calcium (iCa), total magnesium (tMg), ionized magnesium (iMg), parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D), venous blood gases, and fractional excretion (FE) of calcium.

Results

After LPS administration, body temperature increased and blood pressure decreased. Both iCa and tCa decreased (P < .01), but iMg was not significantly different between control and LPS treatments. PTH concentrations increased (P < .01) and vitamin D concentrations decreased (P < .01). Venous pH, bicarbonate, base excess, and blood glucose also decreased (P < .01). Urine tCa concentration was below the limit of detection for all dogs after LPS administration.

Conclusions

Hypocalcemia occurs during endotoxemia in dogs and is associated with hypovitaminosis D. Hypomagnesemia, hypoparathyroidism, alkalosis, and increased calciuresis are not associated with hypocalcemia in endotoxemic dogs.  相似文献   

9.
The effects of sodium bicarbonate (0.5 mEq/kg of body weight, 1.0 mEq/kg, 2.0 mEq/kg, and 4.0 mEq/kg) on ionized and total calcium concentrations were determined in clinically normal cats. Also, serum pH, whole blood pH, and serum albumin, serum total protein, and serum phosphorus concentrations were measured. Intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate to awake cats decreased serum ionized calcium and serum total calcium concentrations. All dosages of sodium bicarbonate were associated with significant decreases of serum ionized calcium concentration. This effect lasted for greater than 180 minutes when cats were given 2.0 mEq/kg or 4.0 mEq/kg. When cats were given 4 mEq of sodium bicarbonate/kg, serum ionized calcium concentration was significantly decreased, compared with that when cats were given lower doses, but only at 10 minutes after infusion. After sodium bicarbonate infusion, serum total calcium concentration, measured by ion-specific electrode and colorimetry, was lower than baseline values at most of the times evaluated. Decreases in serum ionized calcium and serum total calcium concentrations can be attributed only in part to an increase in serum or whole blood pH and to a decrease in serum protein concentration. Serum total calcium concentrations measured by ion-specific electrode and by colorimetry were positively correlated, but the variability was high. Only 44% of the variability in serum ionized calcium concentration could be predicted when serum total calcium, albumin, total protein, phosphorus, and bicarbonate concentrations and pH were considered.  相似文献   

10.
Background – Ciclosporin is widely used in the management of canine atopic dermatitis. In humans, ciclosporin therapy has been linked to disturbances in calcium metabolism and resultant skeletal disorders. Objectives – The objective of this study was to assess calcium homeostasis in dogs before and after a 6 week course of once daily oral ciclosporin at the licensed dose (5 mg/kg). Animals – Sixteen client‐owned dogs with spontaneous atopic dermatitis. Methods – Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, creatinine, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25‐dihyroxyvitamin D and plasma concentrations of ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured, together with the urinary fractional excretion of calcium and phosphate. The extent of skin lesions was scored using the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI)‐03 and the degree of pruritus by the Edinburgh Pruritus Scale prior to and at the end of the study. Results – The CADESI‐03 and the Edinburgh Pruritus Scale scores decreased satisfactorily in all dogs by the end of the study. Plasma PTH concentrations were significantly increased (P = 0.02) following ciclosporin treatment, whereas all other biochemical parameters were not significantly different from their starting values. The increase in PTH was mild in most cases and the proportion of dogs that had a PTH concentration above the reference range was not significantly different following treatment. Conclusions and clinical importance – This study indicates that ciclosporin has minimal impact on calcium metabolism in dogs with atopic dermatitis when used at the licensed and clinically effective dosage for 6 weeks.  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, feasibility, and safety of ultrasound-guided chemical ablation of parathyroid masses in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism. DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS: 8 dogs. PROCEDURE: In all dogs, a solitary parathyroid mass was evident ultrasonographically. Dogs were anesthetized with propofol, and a 27-gauge needle was directed into the parathyroid mass under ultrasound guidance. Ethanol (96%) was injected into the mass until there was evidence of diffusion of fluid throughout the mass. Serum total calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were monitored daily for 5 to 7 days after the ablation procedure and again 1, 3, and 6 months after the procedure. Dogs were also monitored for adverse effects. Follow-up ultrasonography was performed 5 days and 1 month after the ablation procedure. RESULTS: One injection was required in 7 dogs, and 2 injections were required in 1. Serum total and ionized calcium concentrations were within reference ranges within 24 hours after treatment in 7 dogs and within 5 days in 1 dog. Serum PTH concentration decreased and serum phosphorus concentration increased within 24 hours after treatment in all 8 dogs. Transient hypocalcemia developed in 4 dogs during the first 5 days after treatment, but only 1 dog required treatment for hypocalcemic tetany. Hypercalcemia recurred in 1 dog 1 month after the procedure and surgical removal of the parathyroid mass was required. Other adverse effects were not reported. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ultrasound-guided chemical ablation of parathyroid masses is a safe and effective alternative to surgery for dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism.  相似文献   

12.
Ion-selective electrodes have recently been designed for determining the ionized concentration of magnesium (Mg2+) in serum. This development may allow new insights into some metabolic diseases of cattle. For this report, the concentrations of Mg2+, total magnesium (Mgtot), ionized calcium (Ca2+), total calcium (Catot), and inorganic phosphate (Pi) were determined in sera from seventeen 3-to 16-year-old Brown Swiss and crossed Simmental/Red Holstein cows during the periparturient period. In each animal, a transient increase of Mg2+ and Mgtot serum concentrations was observed in association with the transient decrease in serum concentrations of Ca2+, Catot and Pi after parturition. On average, throughout the study, the serum Mg2+ concentrations were 68.5% of those of Mgtot, whereas the serum Ca2+ concentrations were 52% of those of Catot. The possible mechanisms involved in the transient increase of Mg2+ and Mgtot serum concentrations are discussed.Abbreviations Ca2+ ionized calcium - Catot total calcium - Mg2+ ionized magnesium - Mgtot total magnesium - Pi inorganic phosphate - PTH parathyroid hormone - PTHrP parathyroid homrone related protein  相似文献   

13.
Hydroxyapatite, a mineral form of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) that gives bones their rigidity, is the major and essential component of bones and teeth in the human and animal body. A suitable ratio of Ca and P is vital for bone growth. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of dietary calcium to available phosphorus ratios (Ca/AP) on bone metabolism and osteoclast activity of the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) signalling pathway in piglets. At days 15 and 29, the piglets were assessed for growth performance, blood indicators, cytokines and the OPG/RANK/RANKL signalling pathway. Our results showed that piglets fed a dietary Ca/AP ratio of 2:1 increases growth performance and regulates blood indicators and cytokines (parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT), vitamin D3 (VD3), insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) content). We also demonstrated that this ratio affects hormone secretion and further bone metabolism through the OPG/RANK/RANKL signalling pathway of osteoclasts. These results indicate that a suitable dietary Ca/AP ratio is vital for bone growth and reduce the incidence of bone diseases such as osteoporosis, providing a practical basis for the raising of piglets.  相似文献   

14.
The medical records of 7 hypercalcemic cats with primary hyperparathyroidism were evaluated. Mean age was 12.9 years, with ages ranging from 8 to 15 years; 5 were female; 5 were Siamese, and 2 were of mixed breed. The most common clinical signs detected by owners were anorexia and lethargy. A cervical mass was palpable in 4 cats. Serum calcium concentrations were 11.1 to 22.8 mg/dl, with a mean of 15.8 mg/dl calculated from each cat's highest preoperative value. The serum phosphorus concentration was low in 2 cats, within reference limits in 4, and slightly high in 1 cat. The BUN concentration was greater than 60 mg/dl in 2 cats, 31 to 35 mg/dl in 2 cats, and less than 30 mg/dl in 3 cats. Abnormalities were detected in serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase activities from 2 or 3 cats. Parathormone (PTH) concentrations were measured in 2 cats before and after surgery. The preoperative PTH concentration was within reference limits in 1 cat and was high in 1 cat. The PTH concentrations were lower after surgery in both cats tested. A solitary parathyroid adenoma was surgically removed from 5 cats, bilateral parathyroid cystadenomas were surgically resected in 1 cat, and a parathyroid carcinoma was diagnosed at necropsy in 1 cat. None of the cats had clinical problems with hypocalcemia after surgery, although 2 cats developed hypocalcemia without tetany, one of which was controlled with oral administration of dihydrotachysterol and the other with oral administration of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D. All 5 of the cta that underwent removal of an adenoma were alive at least 240 days after surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

15.
Forty‐eight, cross‐bred (GL × LW × P) piglets were used in a 42‐day tolerance trial to assess the effects of feeding diets supplemented with vitamin D or increasing levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (25‐OH‐D3). Six‐week‐old piglets (24 castrate males, 24 females) were used. Two replicate groups of 6 piglets were randomized by weight and allocated to four dietary treatments. The control group (T1) was supplemented with 50 μg vitamin D3/kg feed. The experimental groups received 25‐OH‐D3 at the recommended dose (T2: 50 μg/kg = 1x), at 250 μg/kg (T3: 5x) or at 500 μg/kg (T4: 10x) respectively. Feed intake and daily weight gain were measured weekly, and the animals were examined by a veterinarian daily. After 42 days, body mass, blood, urine, bone and tissue samples were analysed and a pathology examination conducted. Dietary treatments had no significant effect on final body mass or daily weight gain. The 25‐OH‐D3 plasma concentration in T1 was 17 ± 3 ng/ml (mean ± SD) while the respective values of the experimental groups were significantly increased in T2, T3 and T4. Tissue concentrations of 25‐OH‐D3 were higher in liver and muscle for T3 and T4 and in skin for T4 than in T1. However, neither gross pathology nor histology, nor blood and urine characteristics, nor bone parameters were affected by dietary treatments. Weight of organs as well as dry matter, ash and calcium content of kidneys remained unaffected by dietary 25‐OH‐D3 intake. Furthermore, no changes were observed for general indicators of health. The results of this study demonstrated that feeding piglets with 25‐OH‐D3 at 5 or 10 times the recommended level had no adverse effects on any of the biological parameters measured. It was concluded that 25‐OH‐D3 can be regarded as a supplement with a very high safety margin when used at the recommended level.  相似文献   

16.
Background: Disorders of calcium regulation are frequently found in humans with critical illness, yet limited information exists in foals with similar conditions including septicemia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether disorders of calcium exist in septic foals, and to determine any association with survival.
Hypothesis: Blood concentrations of ionized calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) will be lower in septic foals with concomitant increases in parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT), and parathyroid-related peptide (PTHrP) compared with healthy foals. The magnitude of these differences will be negatively associated with survival.
Animals: Eighty-two septic, 40 sick nonseptic, and 24 healthy foals of ≤7 days were included.
Methods: Prospective, observational study. Blood was collected at initial examination for analysis. Foals with positive blood culture or sepsis score ≥14 were considered septic. Foals with disease other than sepsis and healthy foals were used as controls. Hormone concentrations were measured with validated immunoassays.
Results: Septic foals had decreased Ca2+ (5.6 versus 6.1 mg/dL, P < .01) and increased serum PTH (16.2 versus 3.2 pmol/L, P < .05), and phosphorus concentrations (7.1 versus 6.3 mg/dL, P < .01). No differences in serum Mg2+, PTHrP, and CT concentrations were found. Nonsurviving septic foals (n = 42/82) had higher PTH concentrations (41.1 versus 10.7 pmol/L, P < .01) than survivors (n = 40/82).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Septic foals were more likely to have disorders of calcium regulation compared with healthy foals, where hyperparathyroidemia was associated with nonsurvival.  相似文献   

17.
Background Elevated concentrations of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)‐D) were diagnosed in captive short‐beaked echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) from three different zoological facilities within Australia. Results The mean serum 25(OH)‐D concentration in the wild echidnas was 24.7 nmol/L and was significantly higher in captive echidnas from all three facilities: Facility 1, mean 335.5 nmol/L (P < 0.001); Facility 2, mean 187.2 nmol/L (P = 0.003); Facility 3, mean 194 nmol/L (P = 0.005). Animals did not appear to have clinical manifestations of vitamin D toxicosis. The increased serum 25(OH)‐D concentration was attributed to excessive dietary intake and a reduction in the amount of vitamin D3 in the diet of echidnas from Facility 1 resulted in a marked decrease in the serum 25(OH)‐D concentrations (mean 33 nmol/L). The reduction in serum 25(OH)‐D concentration was statistically significant (P = 0.002) and the resulting concentrations were similar to those of wild echidnas (P = 0.212). Conclusion It is not known what effect an elevated serum 25(OH)‐D concentration has on echidnas.  相似文献   

18.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in plasma ionized calcium (Ca2+) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations in horses competing in endurance rides. DESIGN: Longitudinal clinical study. ANIMALS: 28 horses. PROCEDURE: Venous blood samples were obtained from horses before and after racing 80 km. Plasma pH and concentrations of Ca2+, PTH, inorganic phosphorus, albumin, lactate, and magnesium were measured. RESULTS: Overall, a significant decrease in mean (+/- SD) plasma Ca2+ concentration (from 6.44 +/- 0.42 to 5.64 +/- 0.42 mg/dl) and a significant increase in plasma PTH concentration (from 49.9 +/- 30.1 to 148.1 +/- 183.0 pg/ml) were found after exercise. Exercise also resulted in significant increases in plasma inorganic phosphorus, albumin, and lactate concentrations. No changes in plasma magnesium concentration or pH were detected after exercise. Plasma PTH concentration was not increased after exercise in 8 horses; in these horses, plasma PTH concentration decreased from 58.2 +/- 26.3 to 27.4 +/- 22.4 pg/ml, although plasma Ca2+ concentration was also decreased. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Plasma Ca2+ concentration was decreased after racing for 80 km, compared with values obtained before racing. In most horses, an increase in plasma PTH concentration that was commensurate with the decrease in plasma Ca2+ was detected; however, some horses had decreased plasma PTH concentrations.  相似文献   

19.
Vitamin D is an essential hormone in vertebrates. Most animals acquire this hormone through their diet and/or exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. The objectives for this research were to evaluate the clinical and physiologic effects of artificial UVB light supplementation on rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and to evaluate the long-term safety of artificial UVB light supplementation over a 6-month period. Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: Group A was exposed to 12 hours of artificial UVB radiation daily and Group B received ambient fluorescent light with no UVB supplementation for 12 hours daily. All animals were offered the same diet and housed under the same conditions. Blood samples were collected every 3 weeks over 6 months to measure blood chemistry values, parathyroid hormone, ionized calcium, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) levels. Serial ophthalmologic examinations were performed at the beginning of the study and every 2 months thereafter. At the end of the study the animals were euthanized and necropsied. Mean ± SD serum 25-OHD3 concentrations differed significantly (P = 0.003) between animals provided supplemental UVB radiation (83.12 ± 22.44 nmol/L) and those not provided UVB radiation (39.33 ± 26.07 nmol/L). There were no apparent negative clinical or pathologic side effects noted between the groups. This study found that exposing rabbits to UVB radiation long term significantly increased their circulating serum 25-OHD3 levels, which was sustainable over time.  相似文献   

20.
The frequency of skeletal disorders including ruptures of the Achilles tendon has increased during the last years in Swedish beef cattle herds, especially in intensively raised calves. The serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D, calcium and inorganic phosphorus were analysed in 7 affected and 3 control herds. None of the animals in affected herds had detectable amounts of serum-25-OH-D3 (≤ 2 ng/ml) while the control animals had a concentration of 36.1 ng/ml (least squares mean). Calcium and inorganic phosphorus were also significantly lower in the affected herds (P ≤ 0.001). In 1 herd the animals were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated in one of the following ways: Orally with vitamin AD3E or D3, intramuscularly with D2 or D3. The effect of treatment on serum Ca and Pi was measured 1 month later and was found to be equally high in the 4 groups.  相似文献   

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