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1.
秦岭华山松天然次生林优势种群的种间联结性 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
[目的]分析秦岭林区华山松天然次生林群落乔木层、灌木层、草本层各优势种群的种间关联性,揭示群落发育过程中不同种群之间相互作用的内在关联,以期阐明群落发展与演替和种对间关联性内在规律,为秦岭林区华山松群落可持续经营管理提供理论依据.[方法]选取秦岭山地火地塘林区典型华山松天然次生林群落,基于2×2列联表,采用方差比率法测定乔木层、灌木层和草本层各优势种群间的总体关联性;利用X2检验和Jaccard指数表征乔木层15个优势种群、灌木层19个优势种群、草本层15个优势种群间的种对关联程度及显著性.[结果]华山松天然次生林群落乔木层、灌木层和草本层优势种群间的总体关联性分别表现为不显著正关联、不显著负关联和显著正关联;x2检验结果显示该群落乔木层、灌木层和草本层均以正关联种对数占绝对优势,分别达81.9％,77.2％和85.7％,负关联种对数次之,分别为15.2％,13.5％和4.8％,无关联种对数较少,极显著和显著正关联种对数分别为11,2和5对,极显著和显著负关联种对数分别为13,2和1对;Jaccard指数结果与x2检验结果高度一致,该群落3个层次Jaccard指数较高的种对基本都表现为极显著和显著正相关;青榨槭和千金榆、青榨槭和刺叶栎、刺叶栎和少脉椴、山蚂蝗和刚毛忍冬、野草莓和牛尾蒿种对JI值＞0.6,二者之间存在一定的依赖关系,其余种对JI值较小.[结论]秦岭山地华山松天然次生林群落乔木层、灌木层、草本层各优势种对间种间关联明显,该群落总体结构为针阔混交林,物种之间存在一定的独立性,趋于形成一个整体较为稳定的群落.乔木层优势种群种间联结较松散,具有一定的独立性,但独立程度较低,基本趋于稳定,灌木层优势种群则处于动态演替的不稳定阶段,草本层优势种群结构较为稳定.综上所述,种间联结性分析可以作为探讨森林群落稳定性与演替过程中种间关系动态变化的有效途径,实践中应将正联结性较强的树种作为生态树种加以保护,以缩短秦岭山地华山松天然次生林演替的进程. 相似文献
2.
通过对闽北地区天然常绿阔叶林中的栲树群落植物多样性进行系统调查,结果表明:闽北地区天然常绿阔叶林中的栲树群落植物物种繁多,多样性丰富。调查统计共有79种植物,其中乔木层20种,灌木层38种,草本层及层间植物21种。物种多样性指数(H)为灌木层>乔木层>草本层;均匀度指数(J)为灌木层>乔木层>草本层;优势度指数(C)为草本层>乔木层>灌木层。综合分析表明该区的栲树群落物种多样性指数高,栲树在闽北地区适生性较好。 相似文献
3.
对顺德区5种人工林群落物种多样性进行了定量研究.结果表明:窿缘桉、台湾相思与湿地松群落物种多样性指数为灌木层>草本层>乔木层,针阔混交与阔叶混交群落物种多样性指数为灌木层>乔木层≥草本层,均匀度指数(E a除外)为灌木层>草本层>乔木层;群落间乔木层差异显著,灌木层与草本层变化趋势相对较复杂,但针阔混交林群落与阔叶混交林群落之间,窿缘桉、台湾相思与湿地松群落间无显著差异;7种多样性指数中,乔木层与灌木层采用的研究指数幅度更宽广,可采用SP、SW与P指数测度物种多样性,草本层采用Jsp、P指数较好;提出了基于物种多样性的人工林群落管理措施. 相似文献
4.
通过样地调查,采用Patrick物种丰富度指数(S)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Simpson优势度指数(D)、Alatalo均匀度指数(E)、Pielou均匀度指数分析比较了元谋干热河谷10个主要自然植物群落与人工林群落的物种多样性,并测定了不同群落的土壤养分.结果表明:(1)元谋干热河谷主要植物群落的多样性水平较低,S、H、D值分别为3.92319.583、0.9132.000和0.1780.510,且人工植物群落的S值明显低于自然植物群落,具优势种乔木群落的H值较高,人工植物群落E值大于自然植物群落的特点;(2)物种多样性与植物生长型的分析表明,按S指数排序为乔木层＜草本层＜灌木层;按H指数排序为乔木层＜草本层＜灌木层;按D指数排序为乔木层＞草本层＞灌木层;(3)自然植物群落对立地土壤的维持明显高于人工植物群落,前者的有机质、全氮、全磷、水解氮、速效钾明显高于后者. 相似文献
5.
大关县3种筇竹群落生物多样性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对大关县乔木-筇竹群落、灌木-筇竹群落和筇竹-草本群落3种群落,采用二元属性数据测度方法进行了生物多样性的调查。结果表明:3种筇竹群落类型中以乔木-筇竹群落物种总种数(178种)为最多。各层次物种丰富度的顺序依次为,乔木-筇竹群落的物种丰富度为乔木层>草本层>灌木层;灌木-筇竹群落和筇竹-草本群落的物种丰富度一致,其物种丰富度顺序依次都为灌木层>草本层>乔木层。乔木-筇竹群落的乔木层的Shannon-Wiener(H’)指数最高,灌木-筇竹群落的灌木层和草本层的H’指数最高,筇竹-草本群落各层的H’指数都较低。灌木-筇竹群落与筇竹-草本群落在环境梯度上不同点之间的共有种最少,相似性最低,群落间的差异大,群落间物种替代速率较高。 相似文献
6.
以各个植被样地为对象,采用物种丰富度、Simpson指数、Shannon-wiener指数及Pielou指数对姑婆山进行物种多样性研究;采用2×2列联表的X2检验、Pearson相关分析和Spearman秩相关分析等方法对姑婆山植物群落的优势种间关系进行分析,得到如下主要结果:1)4种多样性指数表现出相同的变化趋势,不同层次的物种多样性大小顺序为:灌木层>草本层>乔木层。2)分层对群落优势种的种间关联性进行研究发现,群落优势种间多呈不显著关联;灌木层中显著和极显著相关的种对数最多,草本层次之,乔木层最少,这说明了姑婆山植被在主要层次上优势种的发展表现为相互竞争性呈由大变小趋势,顶极群落要么是单优群落,要么是互不相关的多优种共存群落。显然,姑婆山植被大多未达应有的顶极状态。该研究对森林资源经营、公园的建设及资源评价等方面具有一定的参考价值和意义。 相似文献
7.
关帝山植物群落物种多样性初步研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据物种多样性测度公式,对20块样地按乔木层、灌木层、草本层3个层次,分别计算物种多样数指数,结果各类群落的两种物种丰富度均表现出草本层>灌木层>乔木层的特点;多样性指数Simpson和Shannon-wiener在样地中总的趋势均为草本层>灌木层>乔木层;均匀度指数Pielou和Alatalo,在各层间表现出乔木层的均匀度偏低的规律。 相似文献
8.
东莞银瓶山森林公园浙江润楠群落的基本特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
应用样方调查法研究了广东省东莞市银瓶山森林公园浙江润楠群落物种组成及优势种群的空间分布格局。结果表明:(1)浙江润楠群落以樟科、山矾科及茜草科等热带和亚热带植物类群为优势,浙江润楠是群落的优势种群;(2)群落垂直结构分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层,层间植物亦较丰富。从群落物种多样性上来分析,Simpson多样性指数以灌木层的最大,乔木层和草本层相当;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数的大小顺序均为:灌木层﹥乔木层﹥草本层;Pielou均匀度指数的大小顺序则为:乔木层﹥灌木层﹥草本层;(3)种群中浙江润楠幼苗个体较少,中龄级立木较多,幼龄期个体呈聚集分布,成年期立木趋于随机分布。 相似文献
9.
以尕海-则岔国家级自然保护区的紫果云杉群落为研究对象，应用群落调查法，调查分析了群落中各层的物种组成及物种多样性。结果表明：（1）尕海-则岔国家级自然保护区紫果云杉群落内共有植物82种，隶属于41科60属，以菊科（Asteraceae）、蔷薇科（Rosaceae）、忍冬科（Caprifoliaceae）植物为主；（2）群落内各层丰富度指数（S）、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H）、Simpson优势度指数（D）以及Pielou均匀度指数（E）总体为灌木层>草本层>乔木层，随海拔的升高，乔木层、草本层的各项多样性指数随海拔升高呈先升后降的单峰曲线规律，灌木层物种多样性指数随海拔升高呈单调下降曲线变化规律；（3）海拔与乔木层、灌木层的各项多样性指数间呈现负相关关系，与草本层的物种丰富度指数（S）呈负相关关系，与草本层的其它指数间呈正相关关系。综合研究得出：尕海-则岔自然保护区紫果云杉群落物种多样性受海拔影响较大。 相似文献
10.
佳木斯市杏林湖公园植物群落数量特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用分层随机抽样方法对佳木斯市杏林湖公园的植物群落进行调查,并进行群落数量特征分析。结果表明:公园内共有维管植物46科105属124种,其中蕨类植物2科2属2种,裸子植物2科3属5种,被子植物42科100属117种。多样性分析表明物种丰富度指数(S)和多样性指数(H’)表现一致,均为:草本层>乔木层>灌木层;生态优势度指数(C)表现为灌木层>乔木层>草本层;均匀度指数(J)表现相反为乔木层>草本层>灌木层。建议今后在公园维护过程中加强抚育,加大灌木种类的引进力度,促进群落物种多样性的提高。 相似文献
11.
Reforestation, particularly in the tropics, is of crucial importance for the environment as well as society. However, small planting areas and low participation of smallholder farmers in tree planting programmes often obstruct realisation of set planting area targets. In this regard, we interviewed smallholder farmers undertaking indigenous species reforestation in Oda Kotoamso community within the Wassa Amenfi West District in Western Region of Ghana with a pre-tested questionnaire to identify (1) key socio-economic factors that predict the size of plantations they establish, (2) options that could encourage tree planting among smallholder farmers, and (3) tree species planted by the smallholder farmers and their conservation status according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Key socio-economic factors were predicted with multiple regression models and ANOVA. Options were ranked on a five-point Likert scale and their differences were tested with the Mann–Whitney U test. Age and income of smallholders are the significant predictors of plantation sizes but farmers’ household size and gender were not significant. Age and income accounted for 77.1% and 22.9%, respectively, of the total variation described by our model (R?2 = 38.4%). In order of importance, incentives (mean = 4.35, SD = 0.48), public nurseries (mean = 4.2, SD = 0.82) and agroforestry (mean = 4.06, SD = 0.56) were the options that could encourage reforestation, though incentives and public nurseries were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Almost half (9 of 19) of the tree species planted are categorised as Vulnerable species, which highlights the contribution of smallholder farmers to recovery of threatened tree species. Our findings suggest that sustainable provision of planting materials in incentivised and youth-based tree planting programmes could increase planting hectarage and conserve threatened tree species. 相似文献
12.
Bizhen Fang Shixiao Yu Yongfan Wang Xian Qiu Chuxiong Cai Shiping Liu 《Agroforestry Systems》2009,76(2):401-408
Aqueous leaf leachate and leaf volatile of Eucalyptus urophylla were used to investigate their effects on seed germination and seedling growth of seven native tree species (Cinnamomum burmanni, Cryptocarya concinna, Machilus chinensis, Photinia benthamiana, Pygeum topengii, Diospyros morrisiana and Pterospermum lanceaefolium) and three exotic tree species (Acacia confusa, Albizia lebbeck and Albizia falcataria). It was revealed that aqueous leaf leachate suppressed the seed germination and seedling growth of Photinia benthamiana, Pygeum topengii, Diospyros morrisiana and Pterospermum lanceaefolium. In case of Cryptocarya concinna, leaf leachate decreased only the seed germination. Leaf volatile concentration beyond 250 g per desiccator had a significant
suppression effect on germination of Cinnamomum burmanni, Cryptocarya concinna, Machilus chinensis, Diospyros morrisiana and Pterospermum lanceaefolium. The seedlings growth for most species was affected at concentration of 50 g and above, with the exception of Cryptocarya concinna, Pygeum topengii and Albizia falcataria which were not obviously suppressed at 50 or 150 g leaf weight. However, the growth of Pterospermum lanceaefolium remained uninhibitory till when volatile at the concentration of 350 g leaf weight was applied. From the result it can be
concluded that the allelochemical effects of the donor varies with the dose applied, and species respond differently to allelochemical
released by the Eucalyptus. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(2-3):223-236
Abstract Conservation organizations in the Condor Bioreserve (CBR) in northern Ecuador use the spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) as a surrogate species to focus conservation efforts. However, the utility of single-species management has been questioned in recent scientific literature, making it appropriate to review the spectacled bear's efficacy as a conservation tool. The spectacled bear does not enjoy unqualified public support in CBR and surroundings, suggesting that it may not be appropriate as a flagship species. It may be more effective as a keystone species; its diet and migratory habits suggest that it may have a significant impact on plant community structure through fruit dispersal. However, more research is needed in this arena before drawing any conclusions. The spectacled bear is perhaps most appropriate as an umbrella species because of its large home range, which encompasses at least two ecosystem types: páramo and montane forest. Traditionally, the concept of the umbrella species has stressed minimum area requirements, but the spectacled bear may be a more effective umbrella species if its dispersal requirements and seasonal migration patterns are also addressed. Eco-Ciencia, an Ecuadorian research organization, recently constructed a habitat model for spectacled bear. They are uniquely positioned to address issues of habitat connectivity both within and between the protected areas of CBR. In doing so, they could influence future zoning decisions in and around CBR, an area that is experiencing rapid population growth. This could improve conservation efforts for spectacled bear and other species. 相似文献
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15.
Climatic variation in the natural distribution of Acacia mearnsii in Australia was analysed. Data from sites where the species has been successfully grown in plantations and trials in Africa, Asia and South America were used to determine the species' climatic adaptability. Annual mean temperatures at these plantations and trial sites ranged from 13.9 to 23.9°C, whilst annual mean precipitation ranged from 693 to 2263 mm. The coldest month minimum temperature at these sites was –0.6°C. This information, along with other details of climatic requirements presented in the paper, will assist in selecting sites for future trials at new locations. 相似文献
16.
Edge effects on soil seed banks and understory vegetation in subtropical and tropical forests in Yunnan,SW China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Human-induced forest edges are common in many forest landscapes throughout the world. Forest management requires an understanding of their ecological consequences. This study addressed the responses of three ecological groups (non-forest species, secondary forest species and primary forest species) in edge soil seed banks and edge understory vegetation, and explored the relationship between the invasion of non-forest species in edge understory vegetation and the accumulation of their seeds in edge soil seed banks. The soil seed banks and understory vegetation were sampled along transects established at the edges of a continuous subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest tract (Lithocarpus xylocarpus forest) bordering anthropogenic grasslands and three tropical seasonal rain forest fragments (Shorea wantianshuea forest) bordering fallows. Species composition in both soil seed banks and understory vegetation showed great difference among edge sites. In soil seed banks, the dominance (relative abundance and relative richness) of each ecological group did not change significantly along the edge to interior gradient. In understory vegetation, the invasion of non-forest species concentrated on the first several meters along the edge to interior gradient. The dominance of secondary forest species decreased with distance from the edge, while the dominance of primary forest species increased with distance from the edge. In forest edge zones, the invasion of a majority of non-forest species in understory vegetation lags behind the accumulation of their seeds in soil seed banks. Forest edges do not act as a good barrier for the penetration of non-forest species seeds. The lack of non-forest species in understory vegetation must then be due to conditions that are not appropriate for their establishment. Therefore, to prevent germination and survival of non-forest species further into the forest, management should focus on maintaining interior forest conditions. 相似文献
17.
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(7):533-544
ABSTRACTThe management of non-native tree species in European forests has a long history, but the information on the current number and geographic distribution of these species in European forests is incomplete and scattered across various datasets. This study aims to perform an inventory of the most frequent non-native tree species growing in European forests and analyse their current extent, geographic distribution and geographic origin. Our results show that at least 150 non-native tree species are currently growing in European forests and provenance trials. The genera represented by largest number of species are Eucalyptus, Pinus, Acacia and Abies. Species growing at the largest areas are Robinia pseudoacacia (2.44 million ha), Eucalyptus globulus (1.46 million ha), Picea sitchensis (1.16 million ha) and Pseudotsuga menziesii (0.83 million ha). In total, non-native tree species in Europe are found in an area of approximately 8.54 million ha, or 4.0% of the European forest area, and the five most abundant species account for up to 77% of this area. The largest number of these 150 species were introduced from North America (71), followed by Asia (45) and Australia (20). North American species occupy by far the largest area. 相似文献
19.
Trevor H. Booth 《New Forests》1988,2(1):31-40
Potential trial sites for A. mearnsii in China were identified with climates similar to those in the natural distribution of A. mearnsii in Australia, as well as in areas with successful trials and plantations in other countries. Conditions at existing trial sites in China were compared with climatic profiles from successful sites outside China. It was concluded that the existing trials were well located, but further trials might include cooler regions, provided care was taken to assess possible frost problems. 相似文献
20.
The cultivation of different plants around homesteads for subsistence and cash income has been a long tradition in Bangladesh. This study explores stand structure, composition, and biodiversity within the homestead agroforests of the drought-prone, northwestern region of Bangladesh. In 96 randomly selected homesteads within 3 study villages, we identified 56 tree species. Among those, Mangifera indica (mango) was the most popular fruit bearing species. Four non-parametric diversity indices were derived to provide a characterization of biodiversity. The Sørenson similarity index was also used to compare the similarity of species among different landholding size classes. The overall Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index and Pielou's evenness index values were 1.82 and 0.45, respectively. This study confirms that the farmers had strong preference for fruit species over timber yielding ones, and because of better growth performance natives were preferred over exotics. 相似文献