共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
中华乌塘鳢俗称鲟虎、土鱼、鲳鱼，是我国东南沿海的一种暖水性浅海咸淡水鱼类。其肉质细嫩、味道鲜美、营养价值高，是宾馆、酒楼和出口创汇的名贵鱼类。由于市场对中华乌塘鳢的需求量不断增加，市场价格达７０～８０元／千克，且供不应求。因此，开展中华乌塘鳢人工养殖，对优化养殖品种结构，增加产量，提高养殖效益，增加农民收入具有重要意义。现笔者结合近几年来我县养殖实践将中华乌塘鳢养殖技术作如下简要介绍，供广大养殖户参考。一、池塘条件中华乌塘鳢是一种广盐性鱼类，对盐度适应范围广，但最佳生长发育的盐度范围为５‰～１５… 相似文献
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中华乌塘鳢,属鲈形目,塘鳢科,乌塘鳢属。为暖水性浅海咸淡水小型鱼类,营穴居生活,栖息于河口、港湾中低潮区泥质、沙泥质滩涂的泥孔或洞穴中。主要捕食自然水域中小杂蟹、鱼虾、贝类。属广温、广盐性鱼类,最适盐度5～15,可在河口或淡水水域中生存,盐度21以上时生长缓慢。最适水温为23～ 相似文献
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中华乌塘鳢［BostrichthysSinensis（Lacepede）］属鲈形目,塘鳢种,塘鳢属,在我国分布于江苏南部至海南、广西沿海及其河口区。作者根据养殖经验将中华身塘鳗的半咸水生物学特性和养殖技术介绍如下。1半咸水中生物学特性1．1生活习性中华乌塘鳢生活在饵料丰富的浅海内湾和入海的成淡水汇合处,喜暗怕光,昼伏夜出,直居于洞穴之中。它是一种广盐性鱼类,可以从盐度1％o的水中直接放人盐度为30％。的海水中而不死亡,且能正常生长。经驯化后,还可以移回淡水中养殖。适宜水温为10'C～30C,最适水温为22"C～26"C。中华身塘因能用皮肤协… 相似文献
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中华乌塘鳢苗种健康培育技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中华乌塘鳢俗称乌鱼、泥鱼、鳁鱼,隶属于鲈形目、塘鳢科、乌塘鳢属,属暖水性小型鱼类,主要分布于东海、南海一带的河口、滩涂和港湾,栖息泥孔或洞穴中。最适盐度5‰～15‰,最适水温20℃-30℃,致死水温8℃以下.中华乌塘鳢营养丰富、肉味鲜美,并具有使伤口加快愈合的功效。由于其养殖效益较好,技术要求不是很高,风险不大,深受沿海群众的欢迎,开展中华乌塘鳢池塘健康高产养殖生产的关键是要投放健康的大规格鱼种,健康的苗种来自健康的培育环境、培育方式和培育技术,本作者将近年来在这方面采取的技术、措施总结介绍如下。 相似文献
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盐度对饥饿状态下河川沙塘鳢稚鱼生化组成及能量收支的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在0.00、1.00、2.00、3.00、4.00、5.00不同盐度条件下,分析和测定了饥饿6 d的河川沙塘鳢稚鱼的生化组成、NH3-N排泄率,并对能量流转进行了研究。试验结果表明,盐度对河川沙塘鳢饥饿稚鱼的生化组成、NH3-N排泄率均有显著影响。盐度2.00,饥饿稚鱼的失重最少,蛋白质、脂肪等能源物质的消耗最少;NH3-N排泄率随着盐度的升高逐渐增高,但在盐度5.00时又稍有下降。盐度对河川沙塘鳢稚鱼在饥饿期间能量收支的各组分有显著影响,其最佳盐度为2.00,在此盐度条件下,河川沙塘鳢饥饿稚鱼损失的生长能最少,为-13.295 J,代谢耗能最低,为11.94 J。 相似文献
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中华乌塘鳢隶属塘鳢科、乌塘鳢属,属暖水性鱼类,广泛分布在我国南方沿海海水比重低的河口区的浅水区域,有穴居的习惯。另外,该鱼最大特点为离水在阴湿条件下可保持一星期不死亡,是一种适宜活运远销和出口创汇的良好品种之一。目前,中华乌塘鳢养殖已初成规模,但其饲料加工及鱼病防治技术不够完善。 相似文献
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为探讨中华沙塘鳢(Odontobutis sinensis)单精入卵机制,指导中华沙塘鳢人工繁育技术,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对中华沙塘鳢精子和成熟卵子的形态和精子入卵过程予以观察,较为准确地描述了中华沙塘鳢精子和成熟卵细胞的形态与结构。结果显示,中华沙塘鳢精子头部为椭圆形,长轴约为2.25±0.25μm,短轴1.00±0.20μm,颈部较短。成熟卵细胞呈鲜艳黄色,呈圆球形,直径为1.30±0.02 mm,黏性卵,具黏着丝。观察发现,中华沙塘鳢精子能够准确通过成熟卵细胞的黏着丝达到受精孔,整个授精过程平均需要60 s完成,相对于其他科鱼类时间较长。中华沙塘鳢授精15 s,精子开始通过黏着丝;20 s大量精子进入筛网;25 s精子位于筛网孔内部,部分穿过筛网;55 s大量精子通过卵细胞黏着丝;60 s精子入卵;120 s受精孔关闭。 相似文献
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环境因子对大黄鱼精子活力的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过观测精子的激活率、活动时间和寿命研究了几种环境因子的变化对养殖大黄鱼精子活力的影响。试验结果表明:精子平均密度为(1.17±0.09)×1010.ml-1,盐度对大黄鱼精子活力影响较大。当海水盐度适宜(19.61~24.87)时,精子的激活率≥90%,活动时间≥9.65 min,寿命≥13.50 min;在pH=4.0~10.0的海水中,精子都能被正常激活(≥70%),适宜的pH值为7.5~8.0;不同浓度的葡萄糖、NaCl和KCl溶液对精子活力的影响不同,不同浓度的EDTA-2Na溶液均不能激活精子;无Ca2 、Mg2 或HCO3-的人工海水对精子的激活率均高达90%,但精子的活动时间却有较大幅度的缩减。 相似文献
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本文研究了日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)腐皮病病原异原绵霉Js80122的生长、适宜生长和最适生长温度、盐度和pH值。Js80122在6℃-41℃范围内能生长,适宜生长温度为15℃～30℃,最适生长温度为25℃;在0～8.5%盐度范围内能生长,适宜生长盐度为0～2.5%,最适生长盐度为0～0.34%;在pH值2.0～8.2范围内能生长,适宜生长pH值为6.0～7.6,最适生长pH值为6.8。二因子正交试验显示,最适生长pH值和盐度分别为为7.0和0.0。 相似文献
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Abstract. The sperm of tench, Tinca tinca L., is characterized by a milky colour and consistency, and is of very low density. After collecting the sperm, motion of spermatozoa was recorded even without water activation. A better motility value (value 4·36 on average) was observed in spermatozoa collected in immobilizing solution (collecting medium) and stored for 3h, when compared with spermatozoa without collecting medium. Average total and relative numbers of spermatozoa were 12·16 × 109 per male and 18·50 × 109 per kg of body weight, respectively. When testing the effect of activating solution in artificial propagation of tench, the highest fertilization rates (81·3 and 85% in two cases) were found for NaCl solution with an osmotic concentration of 34 or 69 mOsmol and for fresh water, respectively. The fertility rate was reduced significantly ( P < 0·01) by any increase above 105 mOsmol in NaCl concentration in the activating solution. In the tests of optimal method of artificial fertilization, the highest hatching rate of sac fry (71·35%) was found in sperm collected into immobilizing solution. The application of immobilizing solution significantly increased the number of sac fry at the levels P < 0·1 and P < 0·01, if compared with intact sperm stored for 3 h and fresh sperm, respectively. 相似文献
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Various procedures for artificial insemination in tench, Tinca tinca (L.) were re-examined with evaluation of fecundity of males and females among different tench strains. The objectives of
this study were to enhance fertilization and hatching rates through optimization of the activation solution, the insemination
process, the activation of gametes, and the elimination of eggs stickiness. Sperm for all experiments was collected directly
into immobilization solution of modified Kurokura solution containing 180 mM of NaCl and stored at 2 °C for 2.5–5 h prior
to the experiment. When dechlorinated tap water was used for activation a gamete ratio of 1150 spermatozoa per egg showed
the best significant fertilisation and hatching rates. Optimal ratio between eggs (weight in g) and activation solution (in
cm3) was 1:1. Different concentrations of activation solutions such as NaCl from 0 to 68 mM (0–136 mOsmol kg−1) without buffer statistically decreased fertilization and hatching rates. The activation solution containing 17 mM of NaCl,
10 mM Tris–HCl, pH 8 and 9 significantly increased fertilization and hatching rates compared to dechlorinated tap water of
pH 7 or activation solution containing 17 mM of NaCl, 10 mM Tris–HCl, pH 6 and 7. Adhesiveness of the eggs was successfully
removed by incubation in Alcalase and activity: 3.16 Anson units per cm3. 相似文献
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为探究我国北方海域花鲈繁育适宜盐度和pH处理的设定,及促进早期花鲈苗种推广,本研究针对不同盐度(0、15、20、25、30、35和40)与pH(5.5、6.5、7.5、8.5和9.5)条件下,北方人工繁殖花鲈受精卵的孵化率、畸形率及饥饿10 d后的存活情况进行了分析,并对花鲈初孵仔鱼进行不投饵耐饥饿实验,记录每日存活率(SR)及最终生存活力指数(SAI)。最后观测低盐0、养殖盐度30与高盐45对花鲈早期幼鱼生长性能的影响。结果显示,北方海域花鲈受精卵适宜孵化盐度为20~35,以盐度25组孵化率最高,适宜pH为6.5~7.5,以pH 6.5组孵化率最高。低盐15组中,具最低的孵化率及最高的畸形率,但在最终饥饿SR的统计中,低盐15组的SR及SAI明显高于盐度30与35组,推测低盐15接近花鲈体液等渗点,降低了渗透调节中的能量消耗,更利于存活。初孵仔鱼饥饿实验中,盐度20组SR下降相对平缓,在第8天仍有12.66%的SR(其他组已为0)。饥饿1 d时,各pH组SR均小于90%,以pH 6.5组SR最高,为89.11%。与盐度处理组相比,花鲈初孵仔鱼对pH变化较为敏感,其孵化率及最终SR显著低于盐度处理组。花鲈早期幼鱼盐度处理组中,低盐0与高盐45将对此规格花鲈幼鱼产生较大损伤,以高盐45抑制最显著,应为苗种盐度推广的上限,而花鲈生长盐度30与各处理盐度相比,较适合花鲈早期幼鱼的生长。研究结果将为北方海域花鲈繁育适宜盐度和pH处理的设定,及提高花鲈孵化率、育苗成活率与早期苗种推广提供基础资料。 相似文献
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The motility and fertilizing ability of the Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, spermatozoa were investigated. Optimum ionic content (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) and pH of activation solution as well as the optimum dilution rate were determined. The results show optimum motility characteristics of spermatozoa in buffered solutions containing 25, 0.2, 3 and 10 mM L?1 Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, respectively, at dilution rate 1:50 and pH 8.0. To test the fertilizing ability of sperm, two buffered saline solutions were used as activation solution of sperm motility. The present study indicated (1) spermatozoa motility is one of key factors that influence on fertilizing ability of sperm, (2) a high fertilizing ability of sperm is obtained after dilution in saline solutions rather than in freshwater and (3) a maximum fertilization rate occurs in buffered saline solution containing 0.2 mM L?1 K+. There is also a good correlation between biochemical characteristics of seminal plasma and fertilizing ability of sperm. 相似文献
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黄姑鱼（Nibea albiflora Richardson）是具海水养殖潜力的高价值经济鱼类。本文研究了不同水温（14~32 ℃）和盐度（5~45）条件下,黄姑鱼受精卵的孵化状况。水温低于17 ℃和高于32 ℃时不能孵化;盐度低于15和高于50时也不能孵化。在海水盐度25时,孵化的适宜水温为20~29 ℃,最佳水温为20~23 ℃;在水温22±0.5 ℃时,黄姑鱼孵化的适宜盐度为25~40,最佳盐度为25。通过均匀设计,分析水温（X1）和盐度（X2）对孵化率（Y）的综合影响,获得最佳回归模型为Y=254-4.52 X1-2.78 X2（R2＝0.8808）,水温和盐度对回归的贡献率分别为64.8%和55.1%,预测最佳的孵化条件为水温20 ℃、盐度24。 相似文献
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通过实验生态学的方法,在温度28．2～29．7℃、pH7．6—8．3的条件下,研究了养殖方斑东风螺（Babylonia areolata）的适宜、最适生存盐度及适宜、最适生长盐度,以期为养殖生产提供科学依据。生存临界盐度界定为120h50％死亡的盐度（120hLS50）,其范围为适宜生存盐度;生长临界盐度界定为增长率为最佳一组30％所对应的盐度,其范围为适宜生长盐度;把经过多重比较结果显示无显著差异的存活率或13生长量最高的几个实验组所对应的盐度范围作为最适生存或生长盐度。研究结果表明,方斑东风螺适宜生存盐度为19．18～41．39,最适生存盐度为26．0—34．4;适宜生长盐度为19．28～39．96,最适生长盐度为26．0—31．6。当盐度变化超出最适范围时,养殖方斑东风螺对低盐更为敏感。 相似文献
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《水生生物资源》2003,16(5):450-456
This study summarizes optimization of techniques for common carp artificial propagation including improvements of activation solution (AS), the process of insemination, and elimination of egg stickiness. The optimum gamete ratio for good fertilization and hatching rate ranged from 8490 to 23 672 spermatozoa per egg, when dechlorinated tap water was used. Optimal ratio between eggs (weight in g) and AS (in ml) was defined as 1:1 to 1:2. Different concentrations of AS such as NaCl from 0 to 34 mM (0–68 mOsmol kg–1) did not change fertilization and hatching rates. An AS adopted for carp spermatozoa (45 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 30 mM Tris–HCl, pH 8) was compared with other saline AS; only the 51 mM (102 mOsmol kg–1) NaCl solution decreased fertilization and hatching rate. The AS containing 20 mM Tris–HCl at pH 9 increased fertilization and hatching rates compared to dechlorinated tap water of pH 7 or to AS of pH 6 and 7. Adhesiveness from the eggs was successfully removed by incubation in Alcalase DX (PLN 04715) using two successive steps with different enzyme concentrations. The first step with an enzyme concentration of 2 ml l–1 was applied from 8 to 20 min after fertilization. Later in a second step, the best time for application of alcalase enzyme at a concentration of 20 ml l–1 was for 45 and 60 s at 20 min after fertilization leading to fertilization and hatching rates of 80–87%. The α-Chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1. Merck) was also found effective for elimination of stickiness. Results with α-Chymotrypsin enzyme indicate that the response to success in elimination of stickiness is highly variable mainly due to differences in the environment, quality of water and carp strains. 相似文献
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The effects of extracellular ions on the acquisition and maintenance of the potential for motility in the spermatozoa of the ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck et Schlegel (Osmeridae), were examined. Testicular spermatozoa and milt spermatozoa were obtained from fully matured males and diluted with buffered solution (BS, 20 mM HEPES–NaOH, pH 7.5). Testicular spermatozoa showed a significantly low rate of motility (0.8 ± 0.4%), whereas milt spermatozoa showed a high rate (89.4 ± 2.1%). The spermatozoa were incubated with various isotonic media for 2 h, diluted with BS, and changes in the rates of motility were then compared. When incubated for 2 h with artificial seminal plasma (ASP), corresponding in terms of ionic constituents to seminal plasma buffered at pH 8.0, both spermatozoa showed a high rate of motility. Testicular spermatozoa acquired and milt spermatozoa maintained the potential for motility in response to the HCO3– ion concentrations (between 0 and 20 mM) in the ASP. The differences in the pH of the ASP had a significant effect on the acquisition and maintenance of the potential for motility, and spermatozoa showed the highest rate of motility with the ASP at pH 8.0 and 8.5. These results suggest that the quality of milt in the ayu can be regulated by controlling the concentration of bicarbonate and the pH of the incubating media. 相似文献