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1.
Objective— To report successful femoral fracture repair in a polar bear. Study Design— Case report. Animals— Female polar bear (Ursus maritimus) 5 years and ～250 kg. Methods— A closed, complete, comminuted fracture of the distal midshaft femur was successfully reduced and stabilized using a compression plating technique with 2 specialized human femur plates offering axial, rotational, and bending support, and allowing the bone to share loads with the implant. Postoperative radiographs were obtained at 11.5 weeks, 11 months, and 24 months. Results— Bone healing characterized by marked periosteal reaction was evident at 11 months with extensive remodeling evident at 24 months. No complications were noted. Conclusions— Distal mid shaft femoral fracture was reduced, stabilized, and healed in an adult polar bear with a locking plate technique using 2 plates. Clinical Relevance— Previously, femoral fractures in polar bears were considered irreparable. Use of 2 plates applied with a locking plate technique can result in successful fracture repair despite large body weight and inability to restrict postoperative activity.  相似文献   

2.
CASE HISTORY: A 15-year-old female huacaya alpaca (Vicugna pacos) was referred because of a non-weight-bearing lameness (4/4) in the left pelvic limb caused by a grade three open metatarsal fracture. The referring veterinarian treated the fracture with conservative management using bandages, but it progressively evolved to a non-union.

CLINICAL FINDINGS AND DIAGNOSIS: Clinical examination revealed external wounds on the medial and lateral surfaces of the metatarsus. Radiographs confirmed an open, nonarticular, displaced, diaphyseal fracture of the left metatarsus.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Cancellous bone was sourced from bovine proximal and distal femur epiphyses, followed by a thermal shock procedure to achieve decellularisation, to produce a xenograft. Open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture using locking plates was performed. Alignment of the fracture fragments was corrected and the xenograft was placed at the debrided fracture site to stimulate and harness osteogenesis in situ. Clinical and radiographic follow-up was performed up to 40 weeks postoperatively. Clinical evaluations revealed that the alpaca gradually increased weight bearing following bandage removal 10 days after surgery. Serial radiographs showed correct alignment of the left metatarsus, progressive bone modelling and, complete bone union at 12 weeks. Ten months postoperatively the alpaca showed no signs of lameness and resumed normal activity.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: For management of a metatarsal non-union, a combination of bovine xenograft application and angular stable internal fixation progressed toward an excellent long-term recovery.  相似文献   


3.
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4.
Twenty-two 32-to-35-wk-old male turkeys from a commercial breeding flock were presented to the California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System, Fresno Branch, with a clinical complaint of lameness and increased mortality. Necropsy findings included a unilateral, closed oblique fracture involving the femur in 12 birds. Ten complete femoral fractures had periosteal new bone adjacent to and bridging the fracture. Periosteal callus formation, in this case, suggested that preexisting lesions preceded complete fracture of the femur. Factors such as selection for heavy body weight, lack of exercise, and handling might have contributed to the development and promotion of complete fractures.  相似文献   

5.
An 18-year-old male, castrated Domestic Shorthaired cat was presented with the complaint of acute severe lameness of the left pelvic limb. There was no history of trauma, apart from a distal physeal left femoral fracture that had been repaired 17 years previously. Radiology revealed a displaced distal metaphyseal femoral fracture with marked areas of bone lysis and periosteal proliferations. A pathological fracture due to a bone neoplasia was suspected. An amputation with coxofemoral disarticulation was performed. Histopathology confirmed the tentative diagnosis of appendicular osteo-sarcoma. No postoperative complications were encountered and the cat made a full recovery. This case shows an unusual presentation of a late-onset fracture-associated feline osteosarcoma.  相似文献   

6.
We describe the case of a Simmental calf with congenital unilateral hip dysplasia. In the initial physical exam, the calf was able to stand unsteady when helped and showed severe swinging lameness in the left hind limb. Unilateral hip laxity and a positive Ortolani sign indicated subluxation of the femur within the hip joint. This finding was further confirmed by radiographic examination which also showed malformation of the left femoral head and acetabulum. After a short period of clinical improvement the calf's health deteriorated and it was euthanized due to signs of severe coxarthrosis. Pathological examination of the affected hip joint revealed a severe acetabular and femoral dysplasia with an incomplete formation of the epiphysis of the femoral head and a chronic granulating coxarthritis without evidence of primary infectious events.  相似文献   

7.
A 5-year-old male neutered ferret (Mustela putorius) and a 2-year-old male neutered ferret were evaluated for fast growing immobile swellings involving the left hock and the right scapula, respectively. In both cases, serum chemistry was unremarkable and a complete blood count demonstrated mild anemia. In case 1, radiographic evaluation demonstrated increased soft tissue density in the region of the distal tibia and fibular tarsal bone. A fine-needle aspirate demonstrated atypical mesenchymal cells, and an incisional biopsy revealed irregular partly mineralized proliferations of cartilage consistent with chondrosarcoma. Computed tomography was performed, demonstrating attachment of the mass to the distolateral tibial epiphysis. A limb-sparing surgery was performed; however, 5 months following resection local reoccurrence was noted. At 18 months, the ferret underwent a left hind limb amputation. No sign of metastatic disease was reported at 27 months. In case 2, radiographic evaluation demonstrated a poorly organized mineralized soft tissue mass extending from the right acromion to the area surrounding the neck of the scapula. Microscopic evaluation of an incisional biopsy revealed a chondrosarcoma. A forequarter amputation was performed. The ferret died 4 years later with no evidence of local recurrence or the development of metastatic disease. These 2 cases represent the first reports of chondrosarcoma in the appendicular skeleton of 2 ferrets. Based on these 2 cases, local recurrence may be expected unless adequate surgical margins are achieved. The metastatic potential of chondrosarcoma in this species appears to be low.  相似文献   

8.
A closed complete mid‐diaphyseal spiral fracture of the left femur in a one‐year‐old donkey was treated with a 4.5 mm titanium locking compression plate distal femur (LCP‐DF)1. This plate was originally manufactured for human orthopaedics, primarily for femoral osteosynthesis. The LCP‐DF1 has a distal head plate that was advantageous in this case because the distal fragment was smaller. Post operative radiographs showed optimal femoral reconstruction and a callus was present 3 weeks after surgery. The donkey was sound at the walk and trot 2 months after surgery. Radiographs taken 5 months after surgery showed stable implants and complete healing without complications.  相似文献   

9.
A 9-month-old, chemically spayed female ferret (Mustela putorius furo) presented after a fall (5.5 m) from the first floor of an apartment building. The animal was nonambulatory, with pain localized in the pelvic region. Radiographic examination revealed a bilateral fracture of the iliac body with medial displacement of the left hemipelvis and narrowing of the pelvic canal. Rib fractures, pulmonary contusions, and pleural effusion were also present on thoracic radiographic images. After emergency stabilization of the patient, the fracture of the left iliac body was successfully repaired using a composite internal fixation system with K-wires and polymethylmethacrylate. The implants allowed fracture healing despite loosening of one of the K-wires. Bony healing was achieved within 25 days, including the restoration of pelvic rigidity and maintenance of the diameter of the pelvic canal. Orthopedic examination was unremarkable 4 months following the surgical procedure. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first described open reduction of a pelvic fracture in a ferret.  相似文献   

10.
A 2-year-old sexually intact male Paint horse weighing 427 kg (940 lb) was admitted for examination and treatment of intermittent non-weight-bearing lameness of the right hind limb of 1 week's duration. Radiography revealed a displaced Salter-Harris type-III fracture of the right femoral condyle with the sagittal component of the fracture line located in the intercondylar space and the transverse component exiting on the medial aspect of the femur. The fracture was repaired with a condylar screw plate designed for repair of femoral condylar fractures in humans. The owner reported by telephone 9 months after surgery that the horse was sound. To our knowledge, use of this particular implant system for fixation of a Salter-Harris type-III fracture on the medial side of the femur in a horse has not been described. Results in this horse suggest that this implant can be successfully used for repair of femoral condylar fractures in selected adult horses.  相似文献   

11.
A 1-year-old athletic golden retriever dog was presented for a non-weight-bearing right pelvic limb lameness that occurred during a canicross race. Orthopedic examination revealed pain and inflammation of the right stifle joint. Radiographs showed a traumatic comminuted patellar fracture. Surgery was elected and a midsubstance patellar ligament rupture was also identified. Surgical management consisted of a combination of techniques for patellar fracture fixation and primary patellar ligament reconstruction. All orthopedic implants were removed secondary to implant failure. Postoperative 20-month radiographic follow-up revealed patella alta and non-union of the fracture. However, an excellent clinical outcome was achieved with a complete return to a high activity level.Key clinical message:Surgical stabilization of patellar fractures is usually a significant challenge. A return to apparent normal limb function was achieved in this dog suffering complex patellar fracture with concomitant patellar ligament rupture despite postoperative fracture non-union.  相似文献   

12.
A young neutered male cat was presented with a 1-week history of left hind limb lameness. Pain and crepitus were identified on manipulation of the left coxofemoral joint. Radiographic evaluation led to the diagnosis of physeal dysplasia with slipped capital femoral epiphysis of the left femur, which did not respond to conservative management.  相似文献   

13.
Intramedullary fully-threaded pins were manufactured from an alloy of titanium, aluminium and vanadium in a fully-threaded style. Pins were produced in various diameters, ranging from 4 mm to 11 mm. Pin lengths varied from 5 cm to 22 cm. The proximal end of the pins was designed to fit into a hexagonal screwdriver, while the distal end was slightly tapered to allow for ease of entry into cancellous bone. Treatment using the fully-threaded intra- medullary pin was carried out in a total of 175 fractures of the humerus, femur, and tibia in 95 cats (bilateral femur in 1 case) and 77 dogs (bilateral femur in 2 cases). Radiographic follow-up for the cases was performed at monthly intervals. Non-union developed in one dog with a femoral fracture in which cerclage wire had also been used. Delayed healing and lameness were observed in two other dogs. Healing with excessive callus formation was observed in 16 dogs. However, there were not any problems noted in these dogs in regards to limb usage. Clinical and radiological results obtained for the remaining cases were found to be very good. Normal, complete fracture healing occurred between four to 14 weeks in dogs, and between four to 12 weeks in cats. Pins were removed upon observation of satisfactory functional and radiographic recovery. Pins could not be removed from 26 cats and 21 dogs as the owners had declined pin removal, or because the owners were lost to follow-up.  相似文献   

14.
Objective—To evaluate an intramedullary interlocking nail for stabilization of transverse femoral osteotomies in foals.
Study Design—A transverse osteotomy and restabilization with an intramedullary interlocking nail was performed on the right femur in three foals and the left femur in three foals. Animals—Six foals weighing 149 to 207 kg.
Methods—The femur was destabilized with a transverse middiaphyseal osteotomy and repaired with a 0.5-in (12.7 mm) interlocking nail. The implanted femurs were radiographed monthly until completion of the study 6 months after surgery. At the completion of the study, all foals were observed for evidence of lameness, gluteal thickness was determined by ultrasonographic measurement, and a necropsy was performed.
Results—Healing was satisfactory in all foals. Five of the six had osseous bridging of the osteotomy apparent radiographically by 3 to 4 months. The sixth foal had postoperative infection but was healed radiographically in 5 months. There was a mean decrease in gluteal muscle thickness of 6.6 mm ( P = .04) in the operated limb of the five foals that healed without complication. Two foals were lame at the completion of the project; one foal with varus deformities of the contralateral limb was mechanically lame, and another was grade 2/5 lame on the operated limb. On necropsy, there was circumferential enlargement of the diaphysis of all operated limbs with the majority of the callus at the cranial and medial aspects of the cortex. All nails were solid within the medullary cavity.
Conclusions —The intramedullary interlocking nail provided adequate stabilization for repair of the transverse osteotomy.
Clinical Relevance —Further investigation is warranted before use for stabilization of spontaneously occurring fracture configurations.  相似文献   

15.
A 5-year-old Golden Retriever presented for lameness evaluation and removal of a dynamic compression plate on the left femur exhibited neurologic signs compatible with a left sciatic peripheral neuropathy. Radiographs revealed a healed fracture of the left femur and a slightly narrowed intervertebral disc space with ventral spondylosis at T12–13. An EMG demonstrated fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves in the left hind limb muscles innervated by the peroneal nerve. Surgery was performed to remove the bone plate and explore the left sciatic nerve. The proximal 3 cm of the left peroneal nerve was surrounded by thick fibrous connective tissue and its diameter was smaller than the more distal segment. The dog's condition remained static for 4 weeks and then gradually progressed to paraparesis in 2 weeks. A neurologic examination at that time indicated a caudal lumbar spinal cord lesion and a myelogram confirmed an intradural mass at the level of the 4th lumbar vertebra. The dog was destroyed and a necropsy performed. The histologic diagnosis was meningeal sarcoma.  相似文献   

16.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate feasibility of single-session bilateral triple pelvic osteotomy with 8-hole iliac bone plates in dogs with bilateral hip dysplasia. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 95 dogs with bilateral hip dysplasia. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed, and information was obtained on signalment; body weight; angles of subluxation and reduction prior to surgery; durations of surgery and hospitalization; postoperative mobility; severity of lameness, radiographic grade of hip dysplasia, Norberg angle, and femoral head coverage before and after surgery; time required for radiographic evidence of iliac healing; change in pelvic diameter; implant integrity; and complications. RESULTS: Mean age at the time of surgery was 10.8 months, and mean weight was 35.2 kg (77.4 lb). Prior to surgery, mean angles of subluxation were 2.2 degrees on the right and 2.6 degrees on the left; mean angles of reduction were 25.9 degrees on the right and 27.3 degrees on the left. Mean surgical time was 95 minutes. All but 1 dog were able to walk on their own by the fourth day after surgery. Mean hospitalization time was 7.5 days. Clinical signs of lameness and radiographic grade of hip dysplasia were significantly improved during follow-up examinations. Mean time for radiographic iliac healing was 8 weeks. None of the plates and only 7 of the 1,520 (0.5%) screws loosened after surgery. Nineteen dogs had complications, but all complications were minor. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that single-session bilateral triple pelvic osteotomy with 8-hole iliac bone plates is effective for treatment of dogs with bilateral hip dysplasia.  相似文献   

17.
This paper describes the radiographic appearance of the proximal femur and acetabulum after excision arthroplasty for chronic hip lameness in the dog. An attempt has been made to correlate the various radiographic appearances with the clinical findings. The fate of spurs of bone left at the site of resection has been investigated. A constant finding was remodelling of the acetabulum and proximal femur; the results of this remodelling are described.  相似文献   

18.
A 7-year-old male, castrated, domestic shorthair cat was presented with a plantigrade stance of the left pelvic limb. An avulsion of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle was diagnosed based on clinical examination and radiographic assessment. Surgical reduction and fixation were achieved with modified locking loop sutures through bone tunnels in the supracondylar tuberosity of the distal femur. Additionally, a temporary calcaneotibial positional screw was placed in order to neutralise forces on the gastrocnemius muscle. No postoperative complications were encountered and the cat made a full recovery.  相似文献   

19.
Objective— To report treatment of a comminuted ulnar carpal (UC) bone fracture associated with carpal instability by pancarpal arthrodesis using 2 locking compression plates (LCP).
Study Design— Case report.
Animals— A 2-year-old Thoroughbred filly.
Methods— An UC fracture and luxation of the proximal row of carpal bones was diagnosed radiographically. Pancarpal arthrodesis was performed with 2 LCP positioned dorsolaterally and dorsomedially and centered over the carpus through a single skin incision. The filly was maintained in a full limb cast for 15 days, followed by a tube cast for 14 days, and subsequently a full limb bandage with caudal splint for 21 days.
Results— Two LCP provided appropriate carpal stability resulting in a pasture sound horse 6 months after surgery. The filly was discharged from the hospital 63 days after surgery, walking well with only a slight mechanical lameness.
Conclusion— Use of 2 LCP applied on the dorsomedial and dorsolateral aspect of the carpus can provide carpal stability for pancarpal arthrodesis.
Clinical Relevance— Excellent stability of the carpal joints can be achieved with 2 LCP.  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVE: To describe a surgical technique for treatment of biologically inactive nonunions using en bloc ostectomy and compression plate fixation and clinical outcome in 17 dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Seventeen dogs. METHODS: A transverse ostectomy was performed adjacent and parallel to the nonunion to eliminate nonviable tissue and provide a new, viable fracture surface with a minimum circumferential contact area of 315 degrees. With most of the bony column anatomically reconstructed, compression plate fixation was used to stabilize the fracture. Autogenous cancellous bone grafting was used if a fracture gap was present (<45 degrees of missing circumferential bone contact). Resection of bone was limited so that bone shortening was less than 20% of the overall bone length. Clinical and radiographic follow-up evaluations were obtained whenever possible. RESULTS: Complete circumferential bone contact and compression plate fixation was achieved after ostectomy in 12 dogs; cancellous bone graft was used in 5 dogs. En bloc ostectomy sites were radiographically healed in a median time of 2.5 months after surgery in 11 dogs that returned for complete in-hospital follow-up, and progressive healing was observed in 3 other dogs, where in-hospital follow-up was obtained up to 2 months after surgery. These dogs had a median follow-up time of 2 months, at which time 6 dogs had no lameness, 4 had minimal lameness, and one had moderate lameness. No complications occurred, and no implants were removed. CONCLUSIONS: En bloc ostectomy with compression plate fixation was considered successful for the treatment of biologically inactive nonunions. A good to excellent prognosis can be expected with minimal complications. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Use of an en bloc ostectomy technique for the treatment of biologically inactive nonunions permits easy resection of nonviable tissue. Subsequent fracture stabilization with compression plate fixation resulted in rapid bone healing without complications.  相似文献   

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