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1.
Michael S. Carolan 《Agriculture and Human Values》2006,23(3):325-339
This paper examines sustainable agriculture’s steady rise as a legitimate farm management system. In doing this, it offers an account of social change that centers on trust and its intersection with networks of knowledge. The argument to follow is informed by the works of Foucault and Latour but moves beyond this literature in important ways. Guided by and building upon earlier conceptual framework first forwarded by Carolan and Bell (2003, Environmental Values 12: 225–245), sustainable agriculture is examined through the lens of a “phenomenological challenge.” In doing this, analytic emphasis centers on the interpretative resources of everyday life and the artful act of practice – in other words, on “the local.” Research data involving Iowa farmers and agriculture professionals are examined to understand how social relations of trust and knowledge are contested and shaped within and between agricultural social networks and organizational configurations. All of this is meant to further our understanding of what “sustainable agriculture” is and is not, who it is, and how these boundaries change over time.
Michael
S. Carolan
is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at Colorado State University. His areas of specialization included environmental sociology, sociology of science and knowledge, sociology of food systems and agriculture, and the sociology of risk. Some of his recent writings have focused on the theorizing of nature–society relations, epistemological issues related to agriculture (and sustainable agriculture in particular), and the processes by which knowledge claims are constructed and contested in response to environmental threats. 相似文献
2.
Corrina Steward 《Agriculture and Human Values》2007,24(1):107-122
This paper examines the socio-economic and environmental implications of soy development in Santarém, Pará, located in the
Brazilian Amazon. The settlement history of the region contributes directly to the way in which soy agriculture is currently
proceeding in Santarém. Government policies and perspectives have been shaped by a history of agrarian colonization of Amazon
forests, and the small farmers, or colonos, who are now being bought out by soy agribusiness are also rooted in this history.
As a means of ascertaining the current state and interaction of soy actors with the burgeoning soy-based economy in the area,
field research was conducted on the role of primary and secondary forests for soy production. Research also included an analysis
of valuation discourses – that is, how the differing soy actors (local government, agribusiness, conservation NGOs, and small
farmers) assign value to types of forests and their different interpretations of what constitutes environmental degradation.
The ways in which these different actors assign such values to forests and how they structure the definition of environmental
degradation is a key factor in determining who “wins” and “loses” in the realm of Amazon development. Significant environmental
and socio-economic implications of soy expansion, especially for the colonos, are not taken into account because the dominant
rhetoric of Amazonian development ignores their contribution to social and ecological diversity. This omission keeps colono
communities living at poverty level and even exacerbates colono poverty under the soy development project. The colonos and
their representatives are responding by setting forth their own, competing valuations of primary and secondary forests that
contrast sharply with state soy growing schemes and NGO plans for “sustainable soy.” These have their roots in local knowledge
and best practices.
Corrina Steward
is the Resource Rights Specialist at Grassroots International in Boston, Massachusetts. She holds a Masters degree in Environmental
Science from the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies in New Haven, Connecticut where she focused on social ecology,
community development, and globalization. She recently co-edited the book Agroecology and the Struggle for Food Sovereignty
in the Americas (2006, London, UK: International Institute for Environment and Development). 相似文献
3.
This paper contributes to the growing social science scholarship on organic agriculture in the global South. A “boundary”
framework is used to understand how negotiation among socially and geographically disparate social worlds (e.g., non-governmental
organizations (NGOs), foreign donors, agricultural researchers, and small-scale farmers) has resulted in the diffusion of
non-certified organic agriculture in Kenya. National and local NGOs dedicated to organic agriculture promotion, training,
research, and outreach are conceptualized as “boundary organizations.” Situated at the intersection of multiple social worlds,
these NGOs engage in “strategic bridge building” and “strategic boundary-work.” Strategic bridge building involves the creation
and use of “boundary objects” and “hybrid forms” that serve as meeting grounds for otherwise disconnected social worlds. Strategic
boundary-work involves efforts to “scientize,” and thereby legitimize, organic agriculture in the eyes of foreign donors,
potential research collaborators, the Kenyan state, and farmers. Examples of strategic bridge building and boundary-work are
presented in the paper. The Kenyan case illustrates that different social actors can unite around a shared objective – namely,
the promotion and legitimization of organic agriculture as an alternative to the Green Revolution (GR) technological package.
相似文献
| Jessica R. GoldbergerEmail: |
4.
Frederick H. Buttel 《Agriculture and Human Values》2005,22(3):275-283
In 1973, Jim Hightower and his associates at the Agribusiness Accountability Project dropped a bombshell – Hard Tomatoes, Hard Times – on the land-grant college and agricultural science establishments. From the early 1970s until roughly 1990, Hightower-style
criticism of and activism toward the public agricultural research system focused on a set of closely interrelated themes:
the tendencies for the publicly supported research enterprise to be an unwarranted taxpayer subsidy of agribusiness, for agricultural
research and extension to favor large farmers and be disadvantageous for family farmers, for public research to stress mechanization
while ignoring the concerns and interests of farm workers, and for the research and extension establishment to ignore rural
poverty and other rural social problems. By 1990, however, there had been a quite fundamental restructuring of the agricultural
technology opposition movement – one that is not often well recognized. Two overarching changes had occurred. First, agricultural-technology
activism had shifted from contesting land-grant/public research priorities and practices to contesting private agribusiness
technological priorities and practices. Second, the relatively integrated, overarching Hightower-type opposition had undergone
bifurcation into two quite distinct social movements: the agricultural sustainability/local food systems movement on one hand,
and the anti-GM food/crop and anti-food-system-globalization movement on the other. In this paper I explore the causes and
consequences of these restructurings of the agricultural research and technology opposition movement. Chief among the major
factors involved was the fact that “Hightowerism' involved an ineffectual representational politics. Hightowerist claims
– especially the claim that land-grant research was detrimental to family farmers – generated little support among the groups
it claimed to represent (particularly “small' or “family' farmers). The two successor movements, by contrast, have relatively
clear and dependable constituents. Further, the progressive molecularization of agricultural research, which proved to be
both an antecedent and consequence of corporate involvement in agricultural research in the US, has decisively changed the
issues that are contested by technology activists. Since the age of Hightower, the agricultural technology activist movement
has shifted its 1970s and early 1980s emphasis from contesting public sector/land-grant research priorities to contesting
private sector activities, particularly genetic engineering, GM crops, and globalization of agricultural technologies and
regulatory practices. Even the sustainability/localism wing of the new agricultural technology movement configuration has
progressively backed away from contesting public research priorities. The efforts of the sustainable agricultural and localism
movement have increasingly focused on quasi-private efforts such as community supported agriculture, green/“value-added'
labeling and marketing strategies, and community food security. Some implications of this increasingly bifurcated, agricultural
technology, activist movement configuration in which there is decreased interest in land-grant/public research priorities
are discussed. 相似文献
5.
Consumers are bombarded with labels and claims that are intended to address their concerns about how food products are produced,
processed, and regulated. Among those are the natural or all-natural claims and the certified organic label. In this study,
two focus groups were conducted to explore consumers’ attitudes toward all-natural and organic pork and to gather their reactions
to the USDA organic standards for meat, and the policy for natural claims. Results indicated that participants had positive
associations with the terms “organic” and “all-natural” with exceptions regarding the trustworthiness of all-natural claims.
Participants perceived the “no” labeling theme (no antibiotics, no hormones, no chemicals, etc.) often coupled with the all-natural
label on pork products as identifying potential health and animal welfare risks. In response to the USDA standards and policies
for labeling pork products as organic or all-natural, participants expressed confusion and had many unanswered questions. 相似文献
6.
This paper focuses on the environmental and ethical attributes of food products and their production processes. These two aspects have been recently recognized and are becoming increasingly important in terms of signaling and of consumer perception. There are two relevant thematic domains: environmental and social. Within each domain there are two movements. Hence the paper first presents the four movements that have brought to the fore new aspects of food product quality, to wit: (1) aspects of environmental ethics (organic agriculture and integrated agriculture), and (2) social ethics (fair trade and ethical trade). Next, it describes how the actors in the movements (producers, retailers, NGOs, and governments) are organized and how consumers perceive each of the movements. From the perspective of the actors in the movements themselves, the movements are grouped into two “actors’ philosophies.” The first is a “radical” philosophy (the organic production and fair trade movements that arose in radical opposition to conventional agriculture or unfair trade relations), and the second is a “reformist” philosophy (the integrated agriculture and ethical trade movements that arose as efforts to modify but not radically change conventional agriculture). From the point of view of consumers, the classification of the movements is based on perceptions of the “domain” of the movements. That is, consumers tend to perceive the organic production movement and the integrated agricultural movement as a single group because they both deal with the environment. By contrast, consumers tend to group the fair trade movement and the ethical trade movement together because they both deal essentially with social ethics. Recently, key players such as large retailers and agribusinesses have adopted as part of their overall quality assurance programs both environmental and ethical attributes. Their involvement in and adoption of the goals of the movements have, however, generated tensions and conflicts. This is particularly true within the radical movements, because of concerns of cooptation. Finally, the paper identifies challenges faced by those promoting food products with environmental and social/ethical attributes as they attempt to communicate coherent signals to consumers at this crucial moment in the emergence of a mass market for these products.
Jean
-Marie Codron
is a Senior Researcher at INRA and co-director of MOISA, a public joint research laboratory involved in the social sciences. His research interests focus on three main lines of research: economics of contracts, economics of the firm, and economics of market institutions, with applications to “complex” food sectors, where product quality is difficult to measure and/or to signal to the consumer.
Lucie Sirieix
is Professor of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour at SupAgro Montpellier, France, a national higher education establishment under the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Within the MOISA research unit, her main research topics are variety seeking, risk and trust, environmental and ethical consumer concerns, and sustainable consumption. Her specific research areas include organic products, fair trade, and regional products.
Thomas Reardon
is Professor of Agricultural Economics at Michigan State University. His work focuses on globalization, consolidation in the retail and processing sectors, and their effects on agrifood systems and trade as well as on the economics of private quality and safety standards. 相似文献
7.
Scaling up: Bringing public institutions and food service corporations
into the project for a local,sustainable food system in Ontario 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Harriet Friedmann 《Agriculture and Human Values》2007,24(3):389-398
This paper reports on a relationship between the University of Toronto and a non-profit, non-governmental (“third party”)
certifying organization called Local Flavour Plus (LFP). The University as of August 2006 requires its corporate caterers
to use local and sustainable farm products for a small but increasing portion of meals for most of its 60,000 students. LFP
is the certifying body, whose officers and consultants have strong relations of trust with sustainable farmers. It redefines
standards and verification to create ladders for farmers, Aramark and Chartwells (the corporations that won the bid), and
the University, to continuously raise standards of sustainability. After years of frustrated efforts, other Ontario institutions
are expressing interest, opening the possibility that a virtuous circle could lead to rapid growth in local, sustainable supply
chains. The paper examines the specificities of the LFP approach and of the Toronto and Canadian context. Individuals in LFP
acquired crucial skills, insights, experience, resources, and relationships of trust over 20 years within the Toronto “community
of food practice,” located in a supportive municipal, NGO and social movement context.
Harriet Friedman
PhD, is Professor of Sociology at the University of Toronto Mississauga and at the Centre for International Studies University
of Toronto. Her research is in international and local politics of food and agriculture, focusing on contested transitions
between food regimes. Her current research is on politics of standards and certification.
Thanks to Lori Stahlbrand, Mike Schreiner, and Rod MacRae of LFP and Debbie Field and Zahra Parvinian of FoodShare for sharing
time and insights at length, and to Wayne Roberts of TFPC, David Clandfield of New College, Josee Johnston, and Amber McNair
for helpful conversations about our “community of practice.” Thanks to Yossi Cadam for the ladder metaphor. 相似文献
8.
Dayton M. Lambert Christopher D. Clark Michael D. Wilcox Seong-Hoon Cho 《Agriculture and Human Values》2011,28(4):519-532
Changing land-use patterns and amenity-driven migration have brought agriculture back into people’s lives, but there is a
disconnection between the realities of production agriculture and romantic images attached to farming. To the extent that
“rurality” is attached to farming, people may desire to live in rural places, but they may be unprepared for the realities
of living near a working farm. Greater numbers of communities are facing “either/or” outcomes regarding the conversion of
“open space” land to residential or commercial uses versus landscape preservation. This study explored the perceptions and
preferences of a community regarding the conversion of a hypothetical parcel of open space to a working dairy or to a residential
subdivision. Results suggest that the opportunity costs of foregoing open space for residential development are high, with
implications for valuing the conservation of traditions that are tied to the land versus conversion of land solely for development
purposes. 相似文献
9.
Hanne Kirstine Adriansen 《Agriculture and Human Values》2006,23(2):215-229
Based on fieldwork in northern Senegal, this paper shows how some pastoralists in Ferlo have managed to use market opportunities
as a means to maintain their “pastoral way of life” Increased market involvement has enlarged the field of opportunities for
pastoral activities as well as the vulnerability of these activities. This has given rise to a dialectic process of diversification
and specialization. The paper is concerned with the portfolio of livelihood activities pastoralists use in order to respond
to adverse socio-economic and environmental conditions. Depending on the possibilities and values of a household, a certain
combination of activities is chosen and this may change from one year to another. Hence, the activities are used in a dynamic
way within households. On the basis of pastoral livelihood activities, four ideal types of pastoral livelihood strategies
can be constructed: “agro-pastoralism,” “Tabaski pastoralism,” “commercial pastoralism,” and “non-herding pastoralism.” These
four types illustrate how pastoralists re-invent their livelihoods in order to continue a pastoral way of life.
Hanne Kirstine Adriansen is a post doctoral fellow of development studies at the Danish Institute for International Studies. Her training is in human
geography and she has fieldwork experience from West Africa and the Middle East. Her research interests include pastoral populations,
dryland management, community development, and the philosophy of science and the role of values in research. 相似文献
10.
This paper examines the discourses and practices of pedigree livestock breeding, focusing on beef cattle and sheep in the
UK, concentrating on an under-examined aspect of this—the deselection and rejection of some animals from future breeding populations.
In the context of exploring how animals are valued and represented in different ways in relation to particular agricultural
knowledge-practices, it focuses on deselecting particular animals from breeding populations, drawing attention to shifts in
such knowledge-practices related to the emergence of “genetic” techniques in livestock breeding which are arguably displacing
“traditional” visual and experiential knowledge’s of livestock animals. The paper situates this discussion in the analytical
framework provided by Foucault’s conception of “biopower,” exploring how interventions in livestock populations aimed at the
fostering of domestic animal life are necessarily also associated with the imperative that certain animals must die and not
contribute to the future reproduction of their breed. The “geneticization” of livestock breeding produces new articulations
of this process associated with different understandings of animal life and the possibilities of different modes of intervention
in livestock populations. Genetic techniques increasingly quantify and rationalize processes of selection and deselection,
and affect how animals are perceived and valued both as groups and as individuals. The paper concludes by emphasizing that
the valuation of livestock animals is contested, and that the entanglement of “traditional” and “genetic” modes of valuation
means that there are multiple layers of valuation and (de)selection involved in breeding knowledge-practices. 相似文献
11.
Max J. Pfeffer 《Agriculture and Human Values》1992,9(4):4-11
This paper is an evaluation of the sociological significance of the development and adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. The concept of “appropriationism” is introduced as a means of determining whether or not sustainable agriculture is an expression of class antagonisms in U. S. agriculture. “Appropriationism” is the process by which corporate agribusiness replaces natural processes with industrial products. A comparison of responses to farm crisis in the late 19th century and in the 1980s is employed as a heuristic device to determine the contemporary sociological significance of sustainable agriculture. Based on past experience and changes in key institutions over the past century, it is concluded that the development of sustainable agricultural practices will not significantly challenge the economic prerogatives of agribusiness and that the long-term process of the industrial appropriation of natural processes in agriculture will continue into the 21st century. 相似文献
12.
We examine crime that emerges from the global restructuring of agriculture and food systems by employing the case of the Australian
“Ship of Death,” whereby nearly 58,000 sheep were stranded at sea for almost 3 months in 2003, violating the Western Australia
Animal Welfare Act of 2002. This case demonstrates that the acceleration of transnational trade networks, in the context of
agri-food globalization, victimizes animals and constitutes a crime. Herein, we examine this case in depth and show how economic
restructuring, driven by a “logic of capital” orientation, can exert pressure on the state causing it to fail to enforce its
own regulations and in this way engage in criminal actions.
Wynne
Wright is an Assistant Professor at Michigan State University specializing in agri-food systems and political sociology. Her current
interests lie in social change in the agri-food system and it's influence farm families and rural community culture.
Stephen Muzzatti is an Assistant Professor of Sociology at Ryerson University in Toronto, Canada specializing in critical theory, crime, and
the mass media. He is Vice-Chair of the American Society of Criminology’s Division on Critical Criminology. 相似文献
13.
Jianbo SHEN Qichao ZHU Xiaoqiang JIAO Hao YING Hongliang WANG Xin WEN Wen XU Tingyu LI Wenfeng CONG Xuejun LIU Yong HOU Zhenling CUI Oene OENEMA William J. DAVIES Fusuo ZHANG 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2020,7(1):5-13
Realizing sustainable development has become a global priority. This holds, in particular, for agriculture. Recently, the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Nineteenth National People’s Congress has delivered a national strategy for sustainable development in China—realizing green development. The overall objective of Agriculture Green Development (AGD) is to coordinate “green” with “development” to realize the transformation of current agriculture with high resource consumption and high environmental costs into a green agriculture and countryside with high productivity, high resource use efficiency and low environmental impact. This is a formidable task, requiring joint efforts of government, farmers, industry, educators and researchers. The innovative concept for AGD will focus on reconstructing the whole crop-animal production and food production-consumption system, with the emphasis on high thresholds for environmental standards and food quality as well as enhanced human well-being. This paper addresses the significance, challenges, framework, pathways and potential solutions for realizing AGD in China, and highlights the potential changes that will lead to a more sustainable agriculture in the future. Proposals include interdisciplinary innovations, whole food chain improvement and regional solutions. The implementation of AGD in China will provide important implications for the countries in developmental transition, and contribute to global sustainable development. 相似文献
14.
Keiko Tanaka 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(4):567-580
Using the case of food safety governance reform in Japan between 2001 and 2003, this paper examines the relationship between
science and trust. The paper explains how the discovery of the first BSE positive cow and consequent food safety scandals
in 2001 politicized the role of science in protecting the safety of the food supply. The analysis of the Parliamentary debate
focuses on the contestation among legislators and other participants over three dimensions of risk science, including “knowledge,”
“objects,” and “beneficiaries.” The metaphor of “seven samurai” and the relationally situated roles of “samurai,” “bandits,”
and “beneficiaries” are used to show that in the process of policy making certain moral and ethical expectations on a new
expert institution for food safety were contested and negotiated to frame responsibilities and commitments of social actors for creating the food
system based on trust.
相似文献
| Keiko TanakaEmail: |
15.
分析了谷歌、百度等网站的“图书馆计划”给图书馆事业带来的冲击和影响，认为谷歌网站的“图书馆计划”在可预见的未来与图书馆应是互利关系。因此图书馆必须练好内功，在与谷歌等网站的竞争中谋求共存与发展。 相似文献
16.
Valerie Imbruce 《Agriculture and Human Values》2007,24(1):41-59
Immigrant farmers from Southeast Asia have brought knowledge of tropical fruit and vegetable production from their home countries
to Homestead, Florida. They have developed a new style of farming, one that most closely resembles agricultural systems described
as “homegardens.” Although biodiverse agricultural systems are generally thought to be commercially unviable, homegarden farmers
successfully manage crop diversity as an economic strategy. By focusing on growing a mixture of specialty Southeast Asian
herbs, fruits, and vegetables, the farmers have created their own economic niche and have shielded themselves from the competition
of high-volume, single commodity producers. This paper shows that the Homestead homegardens constitute an alternative form
of agriculture that is defined by their agroecological and socioeconomic attributes. It also shows that although the homegarden
farms are a form of “alternative agriculture,” they do not operate outside of conventional, global systems of agricultural
trade; rather the homegarden farms are embedded in global agriculture. The Homestead case problematizes the tendency to delineate
between the global and local scales, and alternative and conventional sectors in agriculture today. This paper concludes that
the emergence of the Homestead homegardens can only be understood by taking a place-based approach to studying the environment
in which the homegardens are situated as well as identifying the large-scale influences on Miami-Dade County.
Valerie
Imbruce
holds a PhD in plant sciences from a joint program between the Graduate Center of the City University of New York and the
New York Botanical Garden. She has conducted research on global agricultural systems in New York City, south Florida, and
Central Honduras. 相似文献
17.
Farmers’ markets have enjoyed a resurgence in the past two decades in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. This
increase in popularity is attributed to a host of environmental, social, and economic factors, often related to the alleged
benefits of local food, alternative farming, and producer–consumer interactions. Steeped in tradition, there are also widely
held assumptions related to the type of food and food vendors that belong at a farmers’ market in addition to the type of
experience that should take place. There remains a need to explore and analyze these fundamental aspects of the farmers’ market
and to consider how they influence their formation and function. This paper argues that discourses of authenticity are central
to the identity of the farmers’ market, and that they are constructed differently “from above” by those seeking to regulate
farmers’ markets in particular jurisdictions and “from below” by managers, producers, and consumers at individual markets.
A literature-based discussion is complemented and grounded by consideration of institutional statements regarding authenticity
and of key results from a survey of managers, food vendors, and customers at 15 farmers’ markets in Ontario, Canada. It is
demonstrated that while the general discourse about authenticity at the farmers’ market is built around strict, almost ideological
assumptions about the presence of “local food” and those who produce it, community-level responses reflect considerable diversity
in the interpretation and composition of the farmers’ market. It is suggested that a binary view of authenticity, where some
farmers’ markets are cast as “real” and others presumably not, is highly problematic as it tends to ignore a large and important
middle ground with multiple identities. 相似文献
18.
Iran supports five different vegetation zones. One of those is the Irano-Touranian zone that is located in the northeast of
Iran. This vegetation zone includes arid and semi-arid lands, and its area is about 3.5 million hm2. It supports growth of pistachio (Pistacia vera), a deciduous-broadleaved species, which is one of the ecologically and economically most important native species. In this
study, we analyzed three images acquired by ALOS satellite, including 10m resolution multispectral band (AVNIR-2), 2.5 m resolution
“Backward” PRISM image, and 2.5 m resolution “Nadir” PRISM image, based on a provided rational polynomial coefficient (RPC).
Using the “Backward” and “Nadir” images, a 2.5 m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) was produced. Four methods with
AVNIR-2 and PRISM data were used to produce pan-sharpening images and conduct an object-based feature extraction process.
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to determine the maximum distribution of pistachio in related elevation.
The accuracy of the DEM was tested on 28 ground control points in the pair image as tie points, with the value of parallax
error of 0.9027 m. The created elevation map indicated that pistachio trees grow up at 650m above sea level (a.s.l.). The
result from NDVI in the related elevation showed the maximum density of pistachio at 800m a.s.l. In addition, the result of
feature extraction in the forest showed the area of each target element calculated. The results of this research will improve
decision-making and lead to sustainable management in general. 相似文献
19.
Douglas H. Constance 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(2):151-155
I provide an historical overview of the development of the Sociology of Agriculture as a critical response to perceived inadequacies
of conservative theories of social change regarding rural society in general, and agriculture in particular. I do this by
focusing on the three questions that have dominated the discourse on agrifood studies: “The Agrarian Question,” “The Environment
Question,” and “The Food Question.” I analyze the success and constraints of selected alternative agrifood initiatives in
relation to the three questions and introduce a fourth, the Emancipatory Question. I conclude that agrifood social scientists
need to embrace a praxis orientation to agrifood studies and participate in social movements designed to create a more socially
just alternative agrifood system.
相似文献
| Douglas H. ConstanceEmail: |
20.
Abby J. Kinchy 《Agriculture and Human Values》2010,27(4):505-517
The struggle over genetically-engineered (GE) maize in Mexico reveals a deep conflict over the criteria used in the governance
of agri-food systems. Policy debate on the topic of GE maize has become “scientized,” granting experts a high level of political
authority, and narrowing the regulatory domain to matters that can be adjudicated on the basis of scientific information or
“managed” by environmental experts. While scientization would seem to narrow opportunities for public participation, this
study finds that Mexican activists acting “in defense of maize” engage science in multiple ways, using and producing scientific
knowledge as well as treating scientific discussions as a stage for launching complex social critiques. Drawing from research
in science and technology studies, this article assesses the impacts and pitfalls of three tactics used by maize activists
that respond to the scientization of biotechnology politics: (1) using scientific information as a resource; (2) participating
in scientific research; and (3) reframing policy problems as broadly social, rather than as solely scientific or technical.
The obstacles that maize activists have faced in carrying out each of these efforts indicate that despite diverse and sophisticated
engagements between social movements and the scientific field, scientization remains a significant institutional barrier to
democratizing agricultural governance. 相似文献