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以稻谷、小麦或玉米重量百万分之3或5的林丹粉剂(含有99%以上γ-异构体的工业品六六六)拌合,在多种不同的储藏条件下,已足以有效地防治米象、谷蠹、长角扁谷盗和拟谷盗等储粮害虫,药效可达一年之久。以百万分之5的林丹处理过的储粮,经过一年的储藏,按照我国地方习惯加工成熟食品米饭、馒头、窝头等,相当的林丹残留量为百万分之0、0.05—0.57、1.03—1.10。试验证明用百万分之5的林丹拌合稻谷防治储粳害虫具有以下的特点:储粮经脱壳、精碾、淘洗、蒸煮成米饭之后,原拌入的林丹己无残留或接近于无残留。一年的大白鼠和豚鼠饲养,证明饲料中若含有百万分之5以下的林丹,对于以上两种动物的发育和内脏组织完全无害。 相似文献
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蛇床子素乳油是由武汉绿世纪生物工程有限责任公司研制,天惠生物工程有限公司开发的一种植物性杀虫剂,在农业害虫、蔬菜害虫和储粮害虫的防治上其效果显著,为扩大其应用范围,开发新的粉剂剂型,故研究了蛇床子素粉剂对储粮害虫玉米象、谷蠹及后期性害虫赤拟谷盗的防治效果。现将试验结果报告如下:1材料和方法1·1供试药剂4%蛇床子素粉剂(由2%蛇床子素乳油配制而成),武汉天惠生物工程有限公司提供。1·2供试害虫玉米象(Sitophilus zeamaisMotschulsky);谷蠹(Rhizopertha dom inicaFabricius);赤拟谷盗(Tribo-lium ferrugineumFabricius)。… 相似文献
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据1962—1963年两年的研究,桃小食心虫在乐陵棗区一年发生1—2代。第二代发生数量多少与当年整个发生期的早晚有密切的关系。桃小食心虫以老熟幼虫結“越冬茧”在土內越冬,其垂直分布深度限于离土表4寸范围內,平面分布愈近树干密度愈大。越冬幼虫自6月中旬开始出土,一直延續到8月上、中旬結束,盛期在7月中旬左右。越冬幼虫出土与降雨有密切关系。在室內越冬幼虫出土及第一代老熟幼虫脫果后至成虫羽化历期,分别平均为10.4天及10.8天。成虫白天不活动,夜間11—1时之間交尾。产卵前期平均为2.5—2.7天,产卵期間平均为1.3—2.1天。雌虫平均产卵量为27.9粒(越冬代)和40.5粒(第一代),最多可产154粒。在田間,卵绝大多数产在叶片背面基部(72.6％),产在果实梗洼(27.4％)和胴部较少,其它部位尚未发现。田間卵自7月中、下旬开始发生,至8月下旬或9月初結束。第一、二代卵期分別平均为6.8和8.4天,孵化率分別为92.3％和89.5％。幼虫扎果从7月末 (或8月初) 起至9月中、下旬棗采收,前后达50天左右。幼虫脫果从8月中旬起,至9月中、下旬棗采收后尚未結束。果內幼虫期最短9天,最长28天,平均16.8天左右。地面药剂处理应該在6月中、下旬越冬幼虫出土前,这是第一个防治关鍵时期;在第一、二代卵盛期(7月下旬及8月中旬左右),噴药两次是防治桃小食心虫的第二个关鍵时期。地面药剂处理,3％666粉剂与3％666颗粒剂效果差不多。树上喷药可用25％DDT乳剂250倍液加用0.01％“拉开粉”或0.1％水胶,可以提高防治效果。 相似文献
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辽宁地区玉米螟化学防治的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1958—1962年在辽宁省新金、辽中及沈阳三地,对为害玉米及谷子的玉米螟进行了化学防治試驗。試驗証明:玉米心叶末期或田間初見卵后20—25天,或田間第一代螟卵接近绝跡时均可作为辽宁地区进行化学防治适期的标准。用5％DDT或1％六六六顆粒剂适期施药,对第一代玉米螟都有100％效果。于玉米收获前剖查,經5％DDT与1％六六六顆粒剂处理后,減虫率分別为70％以上和60％以上。心叶期增加施药次数并不能增加防治效果。从顆粒剂的加工方法来看,混和顆粒剂优于拌粉顆粒剂。谷子上化学防治的适宜时期,为田间初見卵后15—20天,相当于第一代卵高峯或卵高峯后3—5天。用5％DDT、0.5％六六六1∶1混合粉剂,每亩4斤施于谷子茎基部,一次施药,可得70—80％以上的防治效果。 相似文献
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针对干旱区存在大量的粉煤类废弃物及回填工程中作业面受限或结构物死角存在压实不到位的工程问题,提出以粉煤灰为主要成分、以及部分砂、水泥的流动化回填材料,分析拌合物流动性能受材料掺量、时间影响的变化规律,建议采用坍落扩展度作为流动性能评价指标,水泥掺量对流动性能影响甚微,坍落扩展度与水固比成线性关系;同一种集料,不同粉煤灰掺量拌合物达到相同的流动性能,水固比呈先降后升的变化趋势;拌合物坍落扩展度在前60min内降低显著,随时间变化,坍落扩展度趋于一致,拌合物中集料颗粒越小,保持流动性的能力越强. 相似文献
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1.仓虫危害情况 农村实行家庭联产承包责任制后,农产贮粮增多,贮粮害虫为害严重。通过对全县各地农户稻、麦不同贮存方式仓虫的抽样调查,我县贮粮害虫优势种主要有玉米象(Sitophilus zeamais Mots.)、谷蠹(Rhizopertha dominica Fabricills)、麦蛾(Sitotroga cerealellao Olivier)、谷盗(Tene—broides mauritanicus Linnaeus)。 以当地75家农户未防治贮粮害虫害情调查,平均虫蛀率早稻谷为6.47％,晚稻谷为5.77％,小麦为6.55％,小麦种子为29.37％,粳糯稻种子则为12.36％。按全县8.09万户农户,平均每户贮稻谷1041.03公斤,损失率按3.72％算,每年全县损失稻谷约126.28万公 相似文献
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Hard red winter wheat was treated with pirimiphos-methyl at 4, 6 and 8 mg kg(-1), synergized pyrethrins at 0.38, 0.75, 1.13 and 1.5 mg kg(-1), and combinations of the two insecticides, to conduct laboratory bioassays against four beetle pests of stored grain, red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), rusty grain beetle Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F), and rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L), and one moth pest, Indianmeal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hubner). Beetle adults and P interpunctella larvae survived well on control wheat, producing a large number of progeny (65-1037 insects per container). Kernel damage in control wheat among the insect species ranged from 9 to 99%. On pirimiphos-methyl-treated wheat, mortality of R dominica adults was > or =72%, but that of the other beetle species and P interpunctella larvae was 100%. Progeny were not produced on pirimiphos-methyl-treated wheat, and the kernel damage was negligible (< or =1%). Synergized pyrethrins were ineffective against the five insect pests. Pirimiphos-methyl combined with synergized pyrethrins was not superior to pirimiphos-methyl alone against the five insect pests. Pirimiphos-methyl is not registered in the USA for use on wheat, but our results suggest that it could be a viable grain protectant at rates of 4-8 mg kg(-1). 相似文献
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改进米蛾饲养技术的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文报道米蛾饲养技术的一些改进。用大盘直接饲养米蛾比先用小瓶接种再转入大盘饲养,可以增加出蛾数11—24%。每斤饲料接种2000米蛾卵比1500卵增加出蛾数31%。接种后用少量饲料复盖,比不复盖增加出蛾14.5%。在麦麸为主的饲料中加粮食细面10%或粮食细面和大豆粉各5%,饲养米蛾效果良好。出蛾率为56—62%,雌蛾率为54—60%,每雌产卵126-141粒,每斤饲料出蛾846-940头,得卵65000—74000粒,繁殖倍数可达43-49倍。高梁、白薯、王米、小麦的细面,大豆、花生、菜籽和芝麻的油饼,研细过筛,均可加在麦麸中以提高饲料的营养价值。用半量麦麸,半量谷糠、米糠或草木樨粉的饲料饲养米蛾,出蛾量和产卵量均显著降低。饲料的质量可以影响米蛾的出蛾数、性比、产卵数和生长发育速度。虽然从出蛾数可以大体上看出处理间的差别,但每斤饲料养出的成虫所产的卵量是更精确的衡量标准。饲养试验显示,每饲养出一头米蛾成虫,约消耗饲料0.3克。一斤饲料如出蛾800-900头,消耗饲料在50%左右。 相似文献
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黄色花蝽对杂拟谷盗的模拟控制研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在整粒小麦及半碎小麦中,黄色花蝽对杂拟谷盗的控制效果较好,但在小麦粉中无控制作用。在半碎小麦中,益害比1:20时,控制效果可达97.65％;在整粒小麦中,采用益害比1:1、1:2、1:4、1:8所得到的控制效果均无显著差异,但随着容器增大控制效果逐渐降低。 相似文献
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Ethyl formate is being evaluated as a fumigant for stored grain as it is a potential alternative to the ozone-depleting fumigant methyl bromide and to phosphine, which is under pressure owing to the development of strong resistance in stored grain insects. However, use of ethyl formate faces significant challenges, such as poor penetration through grain, significant losses to grain sorption, high concentrations of fumigant required to control insects, and flammability risks, which have limited its further development. In this study it was found that the combination of carbon dioxide (5-20%) with ethyl formate significantly enhanced efficacy of the fumigant against external living stages of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica F., and the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Dynamic application of ethyl formate and carbon dioxide mixture (100 mg litre-1 ethyl formate, 20% CO2) pumped through a model silo containing wheat (50 kg) for one gas exchange was also investigated. A flow rate of 6 litres min-1 gave a relatively even distribution of fumigant throughout the grain column and similar mortality levels among cultures of S. oryzae and T. castaneum placed at three positions, the top, middle and bottom of the column. Mortality of 99.8% of mixed stage cultures of T. castaneum and 95.1% of S. oryzae was achieved in 3 h exposures to 111 and 185 mg ethyl formate h litre-1 respectively applied by the dynamic method. It is concluded that the combination of carbon dioxide with ethyl formate and dynamic application enhances distribution and efficacy of the fumigant against stored grain insects. 相似文献
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A laboratory study was undertaken to determine the persistence and efficacy of spinosad against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) in wheat stored for 9 months at 30 degrees C and 55 and 70% relative humidity. The aim was to investigate the potential of spinosad for protecting wheat from R. dominica during long-term storage in warm climates. Wheat was treated with spinosad at 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg kg(-1) grain and sampled after 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 7.5 and 9 months of storage for bioassays and residue analyses. Residues were estimated to have declined by 30% during 9 months of storage at 30 degrees C and there was no effect of relative humidity. Spinosad applied at 0.5 or 1 mg kg(-1) was completely effective for 9 months, with 100% adult mortality after 14 days of exposure and no live F1 adults produced. Adult mortality was <100% in some samples of wheat treated with 0.1 mg kg(-1) of spinosad, and live progeny were produced in all samples treated at this level. The results show that spinosad is likely to be an effective grain protectant against R. dominica in wheat stored in warm climates. 相似文献
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以测定绿色木霉菌产孢量和分生孢子萌发率为指标,分析比较了5种单一固体培养基和7种一般组合固体培养基的发酵结果,初筛出单一培养基玉米碎粒、稻壳和麸皮以及一般组合培养基玉米碎粒+麸皮+稻壳+脲为基本培养基。在此基础上选取玉米碎粒、麸皮、稻壳、脲为4个组分因子进行不同配比的正交试验,筛选出6号为最佳组合配方,其分生孢子量最高为9.90×1010个/g,比初筛出的最佳基本培养基麸皮+脲(3.37×1010个/g)提高约3倍,孢子萌发率为95.01%。 相似文献
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The effects of temperature, yeast and polishing (removal of bran) on the development ofTribolium castaneurn (Herbst) in flour derived from millet, sorghum, maize and wheat were investigated for one generation in Maiduguri, Nigeria.
Significantly moreT. castaneurn adults and larvae developed in flour stored at 35 °C than in flour stored at 30 °C or 40 °C; mortality of adult beetles in
flour stored at 40 °C was 95 % in sorghum and maize and 100 % in millet and wheat. Addition of three levels (2.5, 5.0 and
10.0 %, w/w) of yeast to cereal flour, on average, significantly increased the population of adult and larval progenies relative
to the population in yeast-free flour. Considerably higher number of adult beetles developed in wholemeal than in polished
flour derived from millet. 相似文献
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The effects of temperature, yeast and polishing (removal of bran) on the development ofTribolium castaneurn (Herbst) in flour derived from millet, sorghum, maize and wheat were investigated for one generation in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Significantly moreT. castaneurn adults and larvae developed in flour stored at 35 °C than in flour stored at 30 °C or 40 °C; mortality of adult beetles in flour stored at 40 °C was 95 % in sorghum and maize and 100 % in millet and wheat. Addition of three levels (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 %, w/w) of yeast to cereal flour, on average, significantly increased the population of adult and larval progenies relative to the population in yeast-free flour. Considerably higher number of adult beetles developed in wholemeal than in polished flour derived from millet. 相似文献
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建立了小麦植株、麦粒、面粉、麦麸和土壤样品中氨氯吡啶酸的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品用丙酮提取,经N-丙基乙二胺(primary secondary amine,PSA)串联石墨化炭黑柱净化,以Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 色谱柱分离,以电喷雾电离串联质谱正离子多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)模式进行测定。结果表明: 在0.01、0.1、0.5、1 mg/kg 4个添加水平下,氨氯吡啶酸在小麦植株、麦粒、面粉、麦麸和土壤中的平均回收率在78.9%~97.9%之间,相对标准偏差在3.6%~9.6%之间。该方法样品前处理简单、快速、分析时间短,灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药残留检测要求,适用于小麦和土壤中氨氯吡啶酸残留的检测。 相似文献
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以麦麸、玉米粉、稻壳、秸秆、甘蔗渣等固体基质为原料,采用单因素和正交试验,对棘孢木霉DQ-1分生孢子固体发酵基质和发酵条件进行了筛选和优化;并通过盆栽试验研究了其发酵产物对黄瓜、辣椒、番茄和西瓜幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：以单一麦麸为发酵基质时,棘孢木霉DQ-1产孢量最大,发酵5 d产孢量为1.51×109 CFU/g;以麦麸：玉米粉：稻壳：硅藻土复配比例为5.8：0.5：1.7：1.0时产孢量最大,发酵5 d棘孢木霉DQ-1产孢量可达2.63×109 CFU/g。固体发酵条件以液体接种量为2%时,发酵第12 d棘孢木霉DQ-1的产孢量最高,可达7.18×109 CFU/g。盆栽试验表明,棘孢木霉菌DQ-1分生孢子粉对黄瓜、辣椒、番茄和西瓜幼苗具有明显的促进生长效果。本研究结果为棘孢木霉菌DQ-1产业化生产和应用奠定了基础。 相似文献