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Art, science and mathematics: new approaches to animal health problems in the agricultural industry 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G Davies 《The Veterinary record》1985,117(11):263-267
This article is about change; particularly the prospect for change in veterinary research during the last decade and a half of the 20th century. The title encapsulates the idea that veterinary medicine, if it is to be effective, periodically has to change its approach to solving animal health problems; that over the last century we have witnessed one major change, that from veterinary medicine as an art to veterinary medicine as a science, and that we are probably on the brink of another change, moving from a scientific or more correctly an experimental approach to a mathematical or observational approach. 相似文献
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James W. Buchanan 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2013,15(1):65-85
Throughout civilization, animals have played a pivotal role in the advancement of science and medicine. From as early as 400 BC when Hippocrates recognized that diseases had natural causes, the steadfast advances made by biologists, scientists, physicians and scholars were fueled by timely and important facts and information- much of it gained through animal observations that contributed importantly to understanding anatomy, physiology, and pathology. There have been many breakthroughs and historic developments. For example, William Harvey in the 16th and 17th centuries clarified the importance of the circulatory system, aided by observations in dogs and pigs, which helped to clarify and confirm his concepts. The nineteenth century witnessed advances in physical examination techniques including auscultation and percussion. These helped create the basis for enhanced proficiency in clinical cardiology. An explosion of technologic advances that followed in the 20th century have made possible sophisticated, accurate, and non-invasive diagnostics. This permitted rapid patient assessment, effective monitoring, the development of new cardiotonic drugs, clinical trials to assess efficacy, and multi-therapy strategies. The latter 20th century has marshaled a dizzying array of advances in medical genetics and molecular science, expanding the frontiers of etiologies and disease mechanisms in man, with important implications for animal health. Veterinary medicine has evolved during the last half century, from a trade designed to serve agrarian cultures, to a diverse profession supporting an array of career opportunities ranging from private, specialty practice, to highly organized, specialized medicine and subspecialty academic training programs in cardiology and allied disciplines. 相似文献
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邓春雪 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(1):102-107
19世纪法国伟大的启蒙思想家让·雅克·卢梭提出培养“自然人”的教育目标，引起了广泛而持久的争议。在冷静思索卢梭关于人类社会及其文明异常激烈的批判之际，综合分析他的感性观、理性观和自然观三者之间的辨证关系，有助于更深刻地认识和理解他倾注了毕生精神与情感而为之奋斗的事业——人的解放。今天的教育力图冲破普遍理性主义的樊笼，追求个人自由完整的发展以及个人与他者、与世界和谐共处的可持续发展，正可以从两百多年前卢梭通过“自然人”而描绘的教育理想中得到启示。 相似文献
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陈少华 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(6):161-162
针对高校辅导员的工作性质和其在高校教育中的重要地位,从准确的工作定位,优秀的人格魅力,过硬的政治素养和专业素养,良好的心理素质和乐于奉献的工作精神等方面,对成为一名优秀高校辅导员所必须具备的素质进行了探讨。 相似文献
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The periodical, Veeartsenijkundig Magazijn, that Numan had started in 1828 caught the attention of a surgeon in a small town in the neighbourhood of Middelburg. In his two letters he tells about his experiences in animal healing, leaving it to Numan which use he eventually might make of these observations. In the first letter (1829) he tells how he as a ship's doctor was shipwrecked in the Indian Ocean, and after being put ashore on a small island, had successfully performed an operation on an ass, suffering from a very large praeputial tumor. In his second letter (1830) he tells about his practice in Arnemuiden where he settled after leaving the navy. As there were no trained veterinarians in the surroundings, he extended his care also to animals. l.a. he reports on a case of a cow suffering from an enlarged heart, and this item was, indeed, published by Numan. A biographical sketch of Van Opdorp is added. His name is known in the medical history of The Netherlands, because he was the most fervent adherent of the teachings of Broussais, a professor of medicine in Paris. Although these teachings found many followers in the French-speaking countries, the propaganda made by Van Opdorp through a periodical, devoted to this so called physiological medicine, did not meet with success in The Netherlands. 相似文献
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V Weidenh?fer 《Tier?rztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere》1999,27(2):67-71
Erxleben could be regarded as the founder of the modern, systematic and scientific training of verterinary surgeons in Germany. Thanks to an open-minded up-bringing and a large interest in other scientific fields beyond his medical studies he acquired the ideal basis to turn veterinary medicine into a subject at university. He acquired his knowledge in veterinary medicine by reading numerous veterinary books and by visiting the Netherlands and France and the expert of horses Johann Baptist von Sind. Since 1770 he started with veterinary lessons. When planning his teaching, he tried to avoid the mistakes made by the first schools in France. In order to do so he attached a great importance to a fundamental but practical training. Erxleben also wrote two volumes about veterinary medicine, which he used as a literary basis for his lessons. 相似文献
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Hristov AN 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(4):1371-1375
The objectives of this analysis were to estimate historic (pre-European settlement) enteric CH(4) emissions from wild ruminants in the contiguous United States and compare these with present-day CH(4) emissions from farmed ruminants. The analysis included bison, elk (wapiti), and deer (white-tailed and mule). Wild ruminants such as moose, antelope (pronghorn), caribou, and mountain sheep and goat were not included in the analysis because their natural range is mostly outside the contiguous United States or because they have relatively small population sizes. Data for presettlement and present-day population sizes, animal BW, feed intake, and CH(4) emission factors were adopted from various sources. Present-day CH(4) emissions from livestock were from recent United States Environmental Protection Agency estimates. The most important factor determining CH(4) emissions from wild ruminants in the presettlement period was the size of the bison population. Overall, enteric CH(4) emissions from bison, elk, and deer in the presettlement period were about 86% (assuming bison population size of 50 million) of the current CH(4) emissions from farmed ruminants in the United States. Present-day CH(4) emissions from wild ruminants (bison, elk, and deer) were estimated at 0.28 Tg/yr, or 4.3% of the emissions from domestic ruminants. Due to its population size (estimated at 25 million), the white-tailed deer is the most significant present-day wild ruminant contributor to enteric CH(4) emissions in the contiguous United States. 相似文献
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59份野生桑桑叶中的DNJ含量及粗提物对α-糖苷酶的抑制活性 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
对来自云南省不同地区的59份野生桑桑叶中的1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)含量,以及桑叶粗提物对淀粉酶、蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶的体外抑制活性进行了测定,同时采用液-质联用(LC-MS)仪分离纯化桑叶粗提物中的DNJ,并对其抑制蔗糖酶的机制进行了初步研究,期望筛选出适用于治疗糖尿病药物开发的药用桑资源,以及为解析桑叶粗提物和纯化的桑叶DNJ抑制α-糖苷酶活性的机制提供线索。研究结果表明:不同来源的野生桑桑叶中的DNJ含量存在明显差异,其中来自开远地区的岩桑桑叶中DNJ的质量分数高达0.791 1%,是具有药用开发价值的野生桑资源;不同来源的野生桑桑叶粗提物对淀粉酶、蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶活力的体外抑制率差异显著,但抑制活性的大小与样品中的DNJ含量不成正比,推测桑叶中除含有DNJ外还含有具有明显的α-糖苷酶抑制活性的多种DNJ类似物;从野生桑桑叶粗提物中分离纯化的DNJ对淀粉酶无明显抑制活性,但对蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶有显著的抑制活性,对蔗糖酶表现为非竞争性抑制作用。 相似文献
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Teigen PM 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1984,25(10):400-405
During the last thirty years of the nineteenth century, comparative medicine deeply influenced veterinary education in Montreal, New York and Philadelphia. Of the many physicians and veterinarians involved in this movement, Sir William Osler has attracted the most biographical and historical attention. However, his contributions to comparative medicine have been characterized inexactly, partly because of his later prominence as a clinician and partly because little has been written about the history of veterinary education in Quebec.
Osler's teaching and research in comparative medicine as well as his efforts to promote a veterinary profession are described and set alongside the work of other physicians and veterinarians who were his contemporaries. As a result, Osler's contributions to comparative medicine are seen to be many and important but by no means unique. Other Quebec veterinarians, including Duncan McEachran, Orphyr Bruneau, Victor T. Daubigny and J.A. Couture, and such physicians as T. Wesley Mills and J. George Adami made as many, and in some cases greater, contributions to veterinary education in Quebec than did Osler. That they have not received the degree of recognition that Osler has received reveals Osler's ability to represent values and ideals and draws attention to some essential features of late nineteenth-century comparative medicine.
相似文献11.
以甘肃省境内采集的4种野生早熟禾为材料,设8个pH处理(3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10),探讨土壤pH对其生理特性的影响机制以及适宜生长的土壤pH,以期为早熟禾属草坪的养护管理和野生早熟禾的引种驯化提供依据。结果表明,随pH增大,4种野生早熟禾相对膜透性,游离脯氨酸(F-Pro)、可溶性糖(SS)和丙二醛(MDA)含量及过氧化物酶(POD)活性均呈先减小后增大的趋势,可溶性蛋白(SP)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均呈先增大后减小的趋势;草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)、一年生早熟禾(P.annua)和小药早熟禾(P.micrandra)在pH为7时,硬质早熟禾(P.sphondylodes)在pH为6时受到的伤害最小,是其最适宜生长的pH。 相似文献
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陇东野生紫花苜蓿过氧化物酶同工酶分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳技术对陇东野生紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L. cv. Longdong)及其他38个紫花苜蓿品种的过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶酶谱特征进行分析,通过对供试材料间欧氏距离的计算和聚类分析,初步探讨了39个紫花苜蓿材料间的亲缘关系.结果表明:供试材料共表现出11条酶带,且都具有4条主酶带,其中陇东野生紫花苜蓿表现出条酶带;用组间均连法进行聚类分析,39个供试材料可聚为6类,其中陇东野生紫花苜蓿单独为一类,且与其他38个供试材料间的欧氏距离介于0.48～1.622,平均值(1.088)远远高于其他供试材料间的平均欧氏距离(0.533～1.029),表明它们之间的遗传距离相对较大.由此可确定陇东野生紫花苜蓿与其他供试材料间的亲缘关系较远,为一相对独立的紫花苜蓿种质资源,可通过育种途径扩大栽培品种的遗传基础. 相似文献
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In veterinary medicine, there is an ongoing need for students, educators, and veterinarians to exchange the latest knowledge in their respective fields and to learn about unusual cases, emerging diseases, and treatment. Networking among veterinary faculties is developing rapidly, but conferences and meetings can be difficult to attend because of time limitations and travel costs. The current study examines acceptance of synchronous online conferences, seminars, meetings, and lectures by veterinarians and students. First, an online survey on the use of communication technology in veterinary medicine was made available for 15 weeks to every German-speaking veterinary university and via professional journals and an online veterinary forum. A total of 1,776 persons (620 veterinarians and 1,156 students) participated. Most reported using the Internet at least once per day; more than half reported using instant messengers. Most participants used the Internet for communication, but less than half used Skype. Second, to test the spectrum of tools for online conferences, a variety of "virtual classroom" systems (netucate systems iLinc, Adobe Acrobat Connect Pro, Cisco WebEx, Skype) were used to deliver student lectures, veterinary continuing-education courses, and academic conferences at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover (TiHo). Of 591 participants in 63 online events, 99.4% rated the virtual events as enjoyable, 96.1% found them useful, and 92.4% said that they learned a lot. Participants noted that the courses were not tied to a certain place, and thus saved time and travel costs. Online conference systems thus offer new opportunities to provide information in veterinary medicine. 相似文献
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Fischer KD 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》2005,147(1):11-19
A number of surgical interventions in ancient veterinary medicine were modelled on the same procedures in human medicine. This is discussed in some detail for the prolapse of the uterus and the couching of the cataract in horses. In the introductory section, the importance of Switzerland and neighbouring areas for the transmission of ancient veterinary medicine is highlighted. 相似文献
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由于种群数量的急剧下降和分布区缩小,黄颊麦鸡(Vanellus gregarius)近期被IUCN提升为极危物种.该物种至今在中国唯一一个发表的记录是1998年见到的迷鸟.我们查阅了一个德国鸟类考察队1876年的报告和历史文献.该报告认为黄颊麦鸡在19世纪下半叶在中国西部的新疆为繁殖鸟.根据当地专家推测,该物种已在新疆绝灭.本文建议开展调查以阐明其现状. 相似文献
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It is often difficult to control parasite loads in captive animals in zoological institutions and there is the concern of rising drug resistance. Therefore, alternatives to parasite control should be investigated. Neem fruit (Azadirachta indica) is a herb native to India and has long been used in ancient Ayurvedic medicine. It has also been noted to have anti-parasitic properties and has been used as an alternative method of combatting endoparasitism in various animals successfully. In this randomized controlled trial, the effectiveness of neem oil as a dewormer was compared to the chemical dewormer wormout gel (Vetafarm, 20 g/L Praziquantel, 20 g/L Oxfendazole) and was tested in a group of 18 eared doves (Geopelia striata). These 18 doves were randomized equally into 3 groups where one group was given neem oil daily, the second group was given wormout gel (Vetafarm, 20 g/L Praziquantel, 20 g/L Oxfendazole) once and the last group was the control group and given water daily. Faecal tests (wet mount and McMaster egg counting technique) were done by a veterinary lab technician that was blinded to the group assignment. The faecal tests were done and the weight of each bird was recorded on admission, daily during the treatment period and 1 day after the treatment was finished. The daily weights and faecal test results were recorded down and the mean parasite ova per gram of feces and mean number of days where the parasite ova count was negative were calculated for each dove. The means were analyzed and the results showed that there were no significant benefits of using neem oil as a dewormer as compared to the wormout gel. Even though there was no significant benefits of using neem oil as a dewormer as compared to wormout gel in this study, further studies should be performed on neem as a natural antiparasitic alternative as not much knowledge about neem use in birds is available. 相似文献