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分别用碱性脂肪酶A、碱性脂肪酶B、复合碱性脂肪酶A B对大黄鱼鱼片进行酶水解脱脂的工艺和效果进行比较研究。试验结果表明:复合碱性脂肪酶脱脂效果明显优于单一碱性脂肪酶的脱脂效果,当复合碱性脂肪酶酶液浓度A B=(30 20)U·mL-1,酶解pH值8 9,脱脂时间为50min,脱脂温度为(21±1)℃时,其脱脂率可以达到最高70 28%,残脂率为7 50%。 相似文献
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重点对日本鲐鱼片和鱼糜分别用扩展青霉PF868产生的碱性脂肪酶酶解法与漂洗压榨的理化法脱脂工艺效果进行比较，研究结果表明，对鲐鱼片，理化法（残脂率11．01％，按干基计，下同）优于酶解法（残脂率19．48％），而对鱼糜，酶解法（残脂率3．49％）大大优于理化法（残脂率7．52％），筛选出的脂肪酶的适宜酶解条件为pH8.7-9.2，温度32℃，酶液活度40U.mL^-1, 酶液与底物比为5：1，脱脂时间50min，鲐鱼糜在上述酶解条件下，残脂率可达4％以下，而采用理化法脱脂，残脂率只能达到8％左右，无论酶法还是理化法，均难使鲐鱼片残脂率达到10％以下。 相似文献
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本试验以蛋白质脱除率和水溶性膳食纤维(SDF)保留率作为指标,探讨各主要因素对石莼SDF脱蛋白效果的影响,并采用L_9(3~4)正交试验确定超声波辅助酶法脱蛋白的优化工艺参数。结果显示:在控制石莼SDF浓度0.6%和超声功率200 W的前提下,石莼SDF的超声波辅助酶法脱除蛋白优化工艺参数组合为:碱性蛋白酶使用量1 400 U/g、石莼SDF样液pH 11.0、超声温度50℃、超声时间1.5 h,以上述条件进行验证性试验,石莼SDF的蛋白质脱除率为(83.91±0.18)%,SDF保留率为(86.23±0.25)%,蛋白质脱除效果优于正交试验9个处理组。 相似文献
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以罗非鱼鱼鳞为原料,采用正交试验法,分别系统研究用碱法、酸法、酶法、酸盐法、盐碱法前处理提取鱼鳞明胶的优化工艺,并通过对这几种方法的优化工艺进行比较和熬胶工艺的研究,进而最终探讨出鱼鳞提取明胶的最佳方法为酶法。其工艺为:前处理采用0.2%的酸性蛋白酶,调pH至3.5,于35℃水浴中酶解鱼鳞1h;然后用2%盐酸浸渍约4h,之后用清水漂洗至pH5～6左右;熬胶pH值5～6为宜,分3次熬胶,即65℃加热3h,70、75℃各加热3.5h,过滤后将3次胶液合并。 相似文献
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为研究脱脂黄粉虫(Tenebriomolitor)粉替代鱼粉对花鲈(Lateolabraxmaculatus)生长性能和肠道健康的影响,以花鲈幼鱼[初始体重为(2.83±0.02)g]为实验对象,配制鱼粉水平为30%的饲料作为对照组(FM)饲料,用脱脂黄粉虫粉(TM)分别替代对照组饲料中5%(5%TM)、10%(10%TM)、15%(15%TM)和20%(20%TM)的鱼粉,配制成5种等氮等脂的实验饲料,对实验花鲈进行为期9周的摄食生长实验。结果显示,随着脱脂黄粉虫粉添加水平的增加,花鲈增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质沉积率均呈先升高后降低的趋势,5%TM组最高,显著高于20%TM组,但与FM、10%TM和15%TM组差异不显著。各组饲料效率、摄食率、存活率、肝体比、腹脂率以及全鱼体组成均无显著差异。脏体比随着替代水平的增加先升高后降低,20%TM组显著高于FM组和5%TM组。花鲈血清溶菌酶活性随脱脂黄粉虫粉替代比例的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,5%TM组显著高于其他脱脂黄粉虫粉添加组。肠道组织观察发现,花鲈肠道的绒毛高度、绒毛宽度和肌层厚度随着脱脂黄粉虫粉替代水平的升高呈先升高后降低的趋势,... 相似文献
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江蓠提胶废渣制备不溶性膳食纤维工艺研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以江蓠提胶废渣为原料,进行酶法制备不溶性膳食纤维(IDF)优化工艺研究试验。分别通过体系的酶量、酶解温度和酶解时间的单因素试验及这3个因素的正交试验,研究其对不溶性膳食纤维含量的影响,获得其最佳的制备工艺为:料液质量比1∶8,复合蛋白酶0.4%(质量分数),pH值9,40℃水解3 h,洗涤至中性后,60℃恒温干燥。该工艺制备的产品得率48.8%,不溶性膳食纤维含量(干基)高达93.61%(质量分数),粗蛋白质0.70%,粗脂肪0.87%,持水力与膨胀力分别为5.05 g/g和6.47 mL/g,高于西方国家小麦麸皮膳食纤维标准。可望使江蓠提胶废渣变废为宝,开发成为膳食纤维功能食品。 相似文献
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为探讨罗非鱼碎鱼肉酶法制备蛋白胨的加工工艺,采用正交试验的方法,分别研究了木瓜蛋白酶、AS.1398中性蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶水解罗非鱼碎肉制备蛋白胨的工艺条件。结果表明:木瓜蛋白酶的最佳水解工艺条件为pH6.5,温度65℃,水解时间4h,加酶量1250 U/g,蛋白胨得率达12.63%;AS.1398中性蛋白酶最佳水解工艺条件为pH 7.5,温度55℃,水解时间4 h,加酶量750 U/g,蛋白胨得率达13.25%;复合蛋白酶的最佳水解工艺条件为pH 7.0,温度50℃,水解时间4.5 h,加酶量850 U/g,蛋白胨得率达11.43%。 相似文献
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酶法制备脱脂鱼蛋白的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用5种酶对脱脂鲢肉进行水解制备水解鲢蛋白。脱脂鲢肉是分别采用异丙醇、正己烷、乙酸乙酯3种溶剂萃取法进行脱脂后得到。分别用木瓜蛋白酶、枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶、枯草杆菌碱性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和复合蛋白酶对3种脱脂鲢肉及未脱脂鲢肉进行水解。试验结果表明，乙酸乙酯对鲢肉脱脂率最高，脱脂率为96．33％。复合蛋白酶为最适酶，乙酸乙酯脱脂鱼肉为最佳底物；在最佳水僻条件下：pH6．5，温度55℃，酶量3500U／g蛋白质，底物浓度（乙酸乙酯脱脂鲢肉：水）1：5，其水解度达到最大，为44．00％。 相似文献
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热稳定脱脂米糠(HDRB)中蛋白质已严重变性,采用常规方法很难提取其中蛋白质。本研究其目的在于评价不同碳水化合物酶和蛋白质水解酶组合在HDRB蛋白质提取的作用,以及利用响应曲面方法优化蛋白质提取组合条件。结果发现使用果胶酶P-Ⅱ处理HDRB,继后对其残渣进行蛋白酶P处理,蛋白质提取率可达到80%。采用中心成分回归设计进一步对果胶酶P-Ⅱ、蛋白酶P、水糠比、温度、pH、提取时间进行RSM优化,最大蛋白质提取率可达到89%。本研究为合理利用米糠蛋白及利用米糠蛋白制备功能性短肽提供了可靠的方法。 相似文献
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Evaluation of full-fat and defatted maggot meals in the feeding of clariid catfish Clarias gariepinus fingerlings 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The nutritional implication of processed maggot meals, hydrolysed, defatted, full‐fat, sun‐dried and oven‐dried, in the diets of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings were evaluated. The nutrient density, proximate composition, gross energy and mineral constituents of the maggot meals were determined. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated to provide 40% crude protein in which fish meal in the reference diet was completely replaced by any of the following processed maggot meals: oven‐dried full‐fat (ODM), sun‐dried full‐fat (SDM), defatted oven‐dried (DODM) and defatted sun‐dried (DSDM) maggot meals respectively. Fish were fed ad libitum in triplicate treatments for 56 days in glass tanks. Biological evaluations of the fish were based on growth performance and nutrient utilization indices. The result of the nutrient composition analysis showed that processing methods of defattening and drying influenced the nutrient density of maggot meal, with crude protein content ranging between 43.30% and 46.70% for full‐fat sun‐dried and hydrolysed/defatted oven‐dried maggot meals respectively. The result showed that growth performance and nutrient utilization of fish fed DODM and DSDM dietary inclusions were not significantly different and similar to fish fed the fish meal‐based diet. However, fish fed the diet containing SDM exhibited lower daily weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and specific growth. Generally, fish performed better when fed diets containing defatted maggot meals than full‐fat maggot meal, and compared favourably with fish fed the fish meal‐based diet. 相似文献
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Partial replacement of fishmeal by soybean meal in diets for juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
An 8‐week feeding experiment was conducted in floating cages (1.5 × 1.0 × 2.0 m) to determine the potential use of defatted soybean meal (roasted and solvent‐extracted) as a partial replacement of fishmeal in the isonitrogenous (approximately 450 g kg?1 CP [crude protein]) diet for juvenile cobia with an initial average weight of about 8.3 g. Diets were formulated to include 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 g kg?1 (diets D0, D10, D20, D30, D40, D50 and D60, respectively) of fishmeal protein being substituted by defatted soybean meal without methionine supplementation. The results showed that weight gain rate decreased significantly when the replacement level of fishmeal protein was increased from 400 g kg?1 to 500 g kg?1, and the D60 diet was the lowest in all groups. These results indicate that up to 400 g kg?1 of fishmeal protein can be replaced by defatted soybean meal without causing significant reduction in growth. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly affected by the replacement level of fishmeal protein being substituted by defatted soybean meal, when the replacement level of fishmeal protein was 200 g kg?1 (diet, D20), FCR was the lowest and PER was the highest. There were no significant differences in the moisture, lipid, crude protein and ash content in whole body and muscle, while lipid content in liver increased as the dietary soybean meal replacement levels increased. There were significant differences in haemoglobin, haematocrit, red blood cell, plasma glucose and triglyceride concentration in fish fed diets with different soybean meal replacement levels. Results of this trial indicated that the optimum level of fishmeal protein replacement with defatted soybean meal, determined by quadratic regression analysis was 189.2 g kg?1, on the basis of maximum weight gain. 相似文献
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Simon J. Davies Jerome Laporte Antonio Gouveia Heba S. Salim Stephen M. Woodgate Mohamed S. Hassaan Ehab R. El‐Haroun 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(1):225-238
Experimental diets were formulated to evaluate a “pure” poultry meat meal (PMM) source in diets formulated for juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). The digestible protein contribution of fish meal in a control diet was substituted by 25%, 50% and 75% of a processed poultry meat meal (PMM) on a digestible crude protein (DCP) basis and by 5% and 10% for an enzyme‐treated feather meal (EFM) and also a spray‐dried haemaglobin meal (SDHM), respectively. In a consecutive trial, diets were designed to assess the value of a “pure” (defatted) poultry protein substituting the fish meal (FM) protein content. Experimental diets included: a control diet, two test diets where 75% of FM was replaced by a full‐fat PMM (PMM75) or a defatted grade of PMM (dPMM75) and two test diets where 50% of FM was substituted for defatted PMM (dPMM50) or a 50:50 blend of soya bean meal and defatted PMM (SBM/dPMM) to produce a composite product. This soya bean/dPMM blend was tested to enhance the nutritional value of this key plant ingredient commonly employed in sea bream diets that can be deficient in specific amino acids and minerals. In the first trial, gilthead sea bream grew effectively on diets containing up to the 75% replacement of FM attaining a mean weight of 63.6 g compared to 67.8 g for the FM control fed group. For the consecutive trial, the fishmeal‐based control diet yielded the highest SGR followed by dPMM50 and SBM/dPMM blend inclusion but was not significant. Carcass FA profiles of gilthead sea bream conformed to the expected changes in relation to the dietary FA patterns, with the 18:1n‐9 representative of the poultry lipid signature becoming more apparent with PMM inclusion. The ratio of n‐3/n‐6 fatty acids was greatly affected in sea bream fed the full‐fat PMM at 75% inclusion due to fish oil exclusion. Defatted dPMM, however, allowed more of the fish oil to be used in the diet and reducing this latter effect in sea bream carcass, hence restoring the higher total omega‐3 HUFA fatty acids namely EPA and DHA and n‐3/n‐6 ratio. It is concluded that poultry meat meal can be modestly incorporated into formulated diets for sea bream and can be used in conjunction with soya bean meal without any fundamental changes in performance and feed efficiency. 相似文献
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Preliminary nutritional evaluation of rubber seed and defatted rubber seed meals as plant protein sources for common carp Cyprinus carpio L. juvenile diet 
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下载免费PDF全文 Muhammad Agus Suprayudi Cerria Inara Julie Ekasari Nurbambang Priyoutomo Yutaka Haga Toshio Takeuchi Suichi Satoh 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(12):2972-2981
The present study evaluates the use of rubber seed meal (RSM) and its defatted product on the growth and feeding performance of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. Digestibility test using chromium oxide as a tracer showed that defatted RSM (DRSM) resulted in significantly higher total feed, protein, Ca and P digestibility than those of unprocessed RSM (URSM). Growth test was performed with a control and three experimental diets which were 50% DRSM (50% of protein originated from DRSM), 75% DRSM (75% of protein originated from DRSM) and 50% URSM (50% protein originated from URSM). The use of diet containing URSM to replace 50% protein source resulted in the lowest growth and feeding performance which might correlate to the high cyanide content (1.16%) in the diet. Furthermore, providing the fish with this particular experimental diet also caused decline in fish haematological parameters and increased abnormalities in the fish intestine and kidney. Overall results suggested that the use of defatted RSM to replace 50% of other protein sources resulted in a comparable growth and feeding performance of common carp juvenile without any adverse effect. 相似文献
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Replacement of Soybean Meal by Lupin Meal in Practical Diets for Juvenile Penaeus monodon 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Agung Sudaryono Elena Tsvetnenko Louis H. Evans 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1999,30(1):46-57
The potential of lupin meal as an alternative protein source to soybean meal in isonitrogenous practical diets for the juvenile black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon was evaluated through the studies of growth, digestibility and pellet water stability. Five isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain 40% protein. Protein from dehulled Lupinus albus seed meal replaced 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the protein from defatted soybean in the diets. Juvenile P. monodon (4.35 × 0.31 g) were assigned randomly and fed each test diet at a daily feeding rate of 5 % body weight for 42 d in triplicate tanks equipped with a flow-through sea water system. No statistically significant differences were observed in weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein conversion efficiency and apparent protein utilization of shrimp fed diets with 0, 25, and 50% replacement. Shrimp fed the diet with total replacement of soybean meal by lupin meal had the poorest performance (P < 0.05) with regard to the above parameters. Survival was similar (87%) for all dietary treatments. The apparent dry matter digestibility and apparent protein digestibility were similar for all diets ranging between 70.5 and 72.8% and 89.7 and 90.8%, respectively. There was no significant difference in whole body composition (dry matter, lipid, protein and ash) of shrimp on the various diets. The poorest pellet water stability was displayed by the diet with 100% replacement while the diet containing a combination of soybean meal and lupin meal (50% replacement) was the most stable. The results have demonstrated that dehulled lupin seed L. albus meal has good potential as a substitute protein source for up to 50% of the protein from defatted soybean meal and could be included up to 17% inclusion level in juvenile P. monodon practical diets with no adverse effects on growth, feed intake, FCR, survival, feed utilization, body composition, and digestibility coefficients of dry matter and protein. 相似文献
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配制5种等氮、等能的饲料,D1组以全鱼粉作为蛋白源,D2、D3组分别用脱脂豆粕替代10%和20%鱼粉,D4组以啤酒酵母粉替代10%鱼粉,D5组以玉米蛋白粉替代10%鱼粉,投喂体质量30～38g的幼鱼5周,研究3种蛋白源替代饲料中的鱼粉蛋白对大规格军曹鱼幼鱼生长和体成分的影响。试验结果表明,各组存活率差异不显著(P0.05);D3组体质量、质量增加率、饲料转化率、蛋白质效率和特定生长率均显著低于D1组(P0.05),而其他各组无显著差异(P0.05)。D3组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著低于D1、D5组(P0.05),肌肉灰分含量则显著高于其他组(P0.05);其他各组全鱼和肌肉常规营养成分无显著差异(P0.05)。D3组肝体指数显著低于其他组(P0.05),各组的脏体指数、肝脏脂肪含量和肥满度均无显著差异(P0.05)。试验结果提示,3种蛋白均可替代饲料中10%的鱼粉蛋白而不产生显著影响,但替代比例达到20%,就可能对大规格幼鱼的生长、饲料利用、体成分和健康产生不良影响。 相似文献
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Hirofumi Furuita Koji Murashita Hiroyuki Matsunari Takeshi Yamamoto Jiro Nagao Kazuharu Nomura Hideki Tanaka 《Fisheries Science》2014,80(3):581-587
Shark eggs-based diet is the only diet by which eel larvae can grow to glass eels in captivity. However, the high level of lipids in the diet is suggested to negatively affect eel larvae. This paper examines the effect of defatted shark eggs (DSE) and hen egg yolk (HY) on growth and survival of larvae of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. Lyophilized shark egg and commercial HY were defatted with n-hexane, and four experimental diets were prepared using both defatted and untreated shark eggs and HY. Larvae were reared for 3 weeks by feeding the experimental diets. The highest survival rate was observed in the larvae fed DSE, and larvae fed HY showed the lowest survival rate. The best growth was found in larvae fed DSE, followed by shark eggs and defatted HY, and the worst growth was in HY-fed larvae. These results show that decreasing dietary lipids improves the nutritional value of both shark eggs and HY for eel larvae. Regulation of the dietary lipid level may positively affect the larval performance of eels by combination of ingredients with a low lipid content. 相似文献
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