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1.
大球盖菇漂烫液喷雾干燥制营养精粉工艺优化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了充分利用大球盖菇漂烫液的营养成分,对其进行喷雾干燥,并优化其工艺参数,选取热风温度、雾化压力和总固形物质量分数3个因素进行响应面法组合设计,对大球盖菇漂烫液喷雾干燥工艺参数进行优化。结果显示:大球盖菇漂烫液喷雾干燥的较佳工艺条件为β-环糊精添加量15%、进料流量10mL/min、进料温度70℃、热风温度172℃、雾化压力92MPa、总固形物质量分数15%,该条件下大球盖菇漂烫液营养精粉得率为60.26%、抗氧化保留率83.92%、含水率3.2%、溶解时间65s。研究为实现大球盖菇漂烫液的资源化利用提供参考。 相似文献
2.
香蕉粉喷雾干燥工艺优化 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
为了改善香蕉粉的喷雾干燥效果,优化喷雾干燥工艺,该文研究了进风温度、助干剂添加量、热空气流量、压缩空气流量的变化对香蕉汁喷雾干燥效果的影响,并采用Box-Behnken响应曲面法优化喷雾干燥条件,分析进风温度、热空气流量、压缩空气流量的变化对出风温度和产品得率的影响规律。结果显示：当进风温度为170.0℃、热空气流量为36.08 m3/h、压缩空气流量为489.70 L/h时,出风温度为76～80℃,产品得率最高,达44.28%,所制备的香蕉粉含水率低于5%,符合固体饮料标准。由此说明,通过响应曲面优化得到的喷雾干燥工艺能有效应用于加工香蕉粉。 相似文献
3.
超声波辅助酶法提取甘薯渣膳食纤维的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了高效提取薯渣膳食纤维,本文以甘薯渣为原料,采用超声波技术辅助酶法提取甘薯膳食纤维,探讨料水比、超声功率、超声时间、酶用量和酶解温度对甘薯膳食纤维得率和可溶性膳食纤维含量的影响,并采取正交法对提取工艺进行优化。确定甘薯渣膳食纤维的提取条件为:料液比1∶50,超声功率400W,超声时间10min,纤维素酶用量3μL·g-1,酶解温度65℃;该工艺条件下膳食纤维得率为39.17%,可溶性膳食纤维含量高达13.49%。本研究为甘薯的精深加工提供了理论依据,并为进一步研究甘薯膳食纤维的构效关系奠定了基础。 相似文献
4.
响应面分析优化枸杞浑浊汁饮料稳定工艺研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《核农学报》2017,(11)
为得到以湖北杂交枸杞鲜果为原料制成的枸杞浑浊汁饮料,并探讨不同酶制剂和不同稳定剂对枸杞汁酶解稳定的作用效果,以可溶性固形物含量和感官评分为指标,确定酶制剂和稳定剂的种类及配比,并在单因素试验的基础上,通过Box-Behnken响应面分析法研究枸杞浑浊汁酶解及稳定的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,果胶酶与纤维素酶复配比2∶3时,可溶性固形物含量较大,卡拉胶与黄原胶复配比2∶3时,枸杞汁感官评分较好。通过响应面优化的枸杞浑浊汁饮料的最佳稳定工艺为复合酶添加量0.9‰(m/m)、酶解温度43℃、酶解时间72 min、酶解pH值4.5、复合稳定剂添加量0.2%(m/m),此时枸杞浑浊汁的感官评分最大(90±1.53分),与理论预测值相比,误差为0.089%,表明得到的产品感官效果最好。本研究结果为果蔬浑浊汁饮料的生产提供了理论参考。 相似文献
5.
6.
酶法提取白灵菇深层发酵菌丝体多糖的研究 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：11
为提高白灵菇菌丝体多糖得率，采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计方法，对白灵菇液态深层发酵菌丝体多糖的酶法提取工艺条件中的酶用量、酶解温度、酶解时间、pH值4因子的最优化组合问题进行了研究，建立了具有良好预测性能的白灵菇菌丝体多糖提取条件模型，并利用回归模型结合Matlab软件对工艺条件的最优组合、各单因子效应以及双因素效应进行分析。结果表明，当酶用量为2.53%、酶解温度39.6℃、酶解时间3.2 h、pH值7.2时，多糖得率最高可达8.23%。 相似文献
7.
酶法辅助提取柑桔皮总黄酮的工艺优化研究 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
为了充分利用农业废弃物柑桔皮,进一步提高柑桔皮中总黄酮的提取效率,在单因素试验的基础上,采用中心组合设计对柑桔皮总黄酮纤维素酶法辅助提取工艺中的提取时间、提取温度、pH值和酶用量4因子的最优化组合进行了定量研究,建立并分析了各因子与黄酮得率关系的数学模型.结果表明:最佳的工艺条件为酶用量0.55%、提取时间123 min、pH值4.4、温度48℃.经试验验证,在此条件下,黄酮得率为(3.51±0.13)%,与理论计算值3.62%基本一致.说明回归模型能较好地预测柑桔皮中总黄酮的提取得率. 相似文献
8.
为找到廉价的优化培养基配方生产高活力的复合纤维素酶,该实验采用配方试验和双温度培养法对康氏木霉F244菌株进行固体发酵,测定滤纸酶、棉花酶、羧甲基纤维素酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、果胶酶活力并通过SPSS软件建立回归方程,其全相关系数分别达到0.852,0.941,0.964,0.703,0.899,而后利用无约束规划求解找到复合酶生产配方.结果表明在固体培养基中Tween80对纤维素酶和果胶酶的生产均存在抑制作用,理想固体产酶培养基是稻草粉、麸皮、(NH4)2SO4及水分的混合物;复合纤维素酶生产的适宜配方为稻草粉16%,麸皮24%、(NH4)2SO4 3%、含水率57%,该配方对应的滤纸酶、棉花酶、羧甲基纤维素酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶及果胶酶的期望酶活分别达到72,129,342,112和108g. 相似文献
9.
喷雾干燥条件对树莓粉理化性质和抗氧化性质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了提高树莓粉理化性质和抗氧化性质,以麦芽糊精为助干剂,考查喷雾干燥条件对树莓粉理化指标和抗氧化指标的影响。结果表明:进风温度(190~230℃)、麦芽糊精添加量(70%~110%,按照树莓汁固形物计算)、热空气流量(0.66~1.10 m3/min)、进料量(2.67~8 m L/min)对树莓粉的理化性质和抗氧化性质产生显著的影响,树莓粉得率、堆积密度、溶解时间、红度值和黄度值都呈现升高趋势,含水率、亮度值、总酚浓度、(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除率、超氧自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率都呈现下降的趋势。并且,麦芽糊精添加量110%,树莓粉得率、总酚浓度和抗氧化能力显著增加,然而进风温度220℃、热空气流量0.99 m3/min和进料量6.67 m L/min使树莓粉得率升高时,其总酚浓度和抗氧化能力均显著降低(P0.05)。 相似文献
10.
《南方农业》2020,(1)
为优化茶叶可溶性膳食纤维(Tea soluble dietary fiber,TSDF)的超声波辅助酶法提取工艺,以福鼎大白茶一芽五叶、六叶鲜叶为原料,采用单因素试验和正交试验研究纤维素酶用量、超声时间、超声功率、酶解温度对TSDF提取率的影响,分析TSDF组分含量和理化特性。结果表明:各因素对TSDF提取率影响的顺序依次为酶解温度超声功率纤维素酶用量超声时间;提取TSDF最优工艺为纤维素酶用量0.8 g·(100 g)~(-1)、超声时间30 min、超声功率300 W、酶解温度60 ℃,提取率为45.50%;TSDF组分包括果胶(85.82%)、水分(4.57%)、灰分(2.55%)、蛋白质(2.44%)、半纤维素(1.26%)、茶多酚(1.10%),具有良好的膨胀力、持水力等理化特性。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
18.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
19.
Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico
and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria
(Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite
amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation.
Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured
as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions. 相似文献
20.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献