共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
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M. Kasprzak Z. Rzedzicki A. Wirkijowska P. Zarzycki A. Sobota E. Sykut-Domańska W. Błaszczak 《Journal of Cereal Science》2013
A study was conducted on the application of high-fibre components (everlasting pea wholemeal, oat bran) for the modification of microstructure and physical properties of corn extrudates. The extrusion was conducted using a single screw extruder type S-45 (Metalchem, Poland). The effect of the material blend composition and of the variable process parameters: material blend moisture (11, 13.5, 16%), barrel temperature distribution profile (120/145/115, 130/155/115, 140/165/115 °C) on the microstructure and the physical properties of the extrudates was analysed. All extrudates obtained were characterised by typical cellular structure and “crunchy” texture characteristic of the “ready to eat” type products. The microstructure of the products obtained was determined both by the material composition of the blend and by the process parameters. The differences observed in the size, number of shapes of air cells and in the cell wall thickness indicate extensive possibilities of modification of the physical properties and sensory traits of extrudates. 相似文献
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Vito Verardo David Arráez-Román Antonio Segura-Carretero Emanuele Marconi Alberto Fernández-Gutiérrez Maria Fiorenza Caboni 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010
This study describes the characterization of phenolic compounds in buckwheat. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) has been applied to separate and characterize thirty phenolic compounds in buckwheat flour. As far as we know, 2-hydroxy-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosil-benzoic acid, 1-O-caffeoyl-6-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-β-glycopyranoside and epicatechin-3-(3″-O-methyl) gallate were tentatively identified in buckwheat for the first time. The sensitivity, mass accuracy and true isotopic pattern of the TOF-MS, legitimated the identification of phenolic compounds present in buckwheat extract. 相似文献
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Cao Ruge Ma Qiuchen Fu Yu Zhou Zhongkai Zhao Xiaoyu 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2019,74(3):328-333
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Rutin possesses a wide range of application prospects with various bioactivities. However, its bitter and water-insoluble properties restrict its application in... 相似文献
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Wheat flour was separately substituted with fenugreek flour (raw, soaked, and germinated) at 5–20% levels for product making. Nutrient analysis of the blends, product development, and their acceptability were carried out. Replacement of wheat flour with fenugreek flour increased the protein, fat, lysine, minerals, and dietary fibre contents proportionately to the level of substitution. Among the composite flours, the blends containing germinated fenugreek flour were found superior in nutritional quality compared to others. However, products, viz., bread, biscuits, noodles, and macaroni prepared from the wheat–fenugreek blends at 10, 15, and 20% levels, were found organoleptically acceptable. 相似文献
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The Agricultural Production System Simulator (APSIM) was parameterised and tested against datasets from two field experiments being conducted on Heilu soil at the Qingyang Research Station, Gansu, China as to investigate long-term lucerne productivity and management options of reducing impact of lucerne on winter wheat yield in a lucerne–wheat rotation system. With minimal parameterisation and configuration of the APSIM-Lucerne module, APSIM was able to simulate phenological development and seasonal growth of winter-dormant lucerne cultivar, Longdong compared with the observed data. Flowering date was accurately simulated using the established relationship between accumulated thermal time and mean photoperiod. After the APSIM-Lucerne module was configured for the seasonal variation in RUE (radiation use efficiency), the model simulated lucerne seasonal biomass production over three growing seasons in the continuous lucerne treatment with a root mean squared deviation (RMSD) of 1132 kg/ha (30% of the mean observed biomass). In the treatment where lucerne was removed in August 2001 and two winter wheat crops were sown and harvested in 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 growing seasons, APSIM simulated winter wheat crop biomass in both growing seasons with a RMSD of 1420 kg/ha (20% of the mean observed crop biomass). Wheat grain yield was simulated with a RMSD of 918 kg/ha (27% of the mean observed grain yield). Using measurements of drained upper limit (DUL) and lower limit (LL), and standard soil evaporation and runoff parameters, the model was able to simulate soil water dynamics and water use by lucerne in the lucerne-fallow, continuous lucerne and lucerne–wheat treatments. 相似文献
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Paddy and Water Environment - Environmental pollution and climate change have rendered the development of renewable energies essential for future generations. Although several studies have been... 相似文献
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《Journal of Cereal Science》2006,43(3):327-333
The rapid visco analysis (RVA) system was used to measure rheological behaviour in 20% (w/v) gluten-in-water suspensions upon applying temperature profiles. The temperature profiles included a linear temperature increase, a holding step, a cooling step with a linear temperature decrease to 50 °C, and a final holding step at 50 °C. Temperature and duration of the holding phase both affected RVA viscosity and protein extractability. Size-exclusion and reversed-phase HPLC showed that increasing the temperature (up to 95 °C) mainly decreased glutenin extractability. Holding at 95 °C resulted in polymerisation of both gliadin and glutenin. Above 80 °C, the RVA viscosity steadily increased with longer holding times while the gliadin and glutenin extractabilities decreased. Their reduced extractability in 60% ethanol showed that γ-gliadins were more affected after heating than α-gliadins and ω-gliadins. Enrichment of wheat gluten in either gliadin or glutenin showed that both gliadin and glutenin are necessary for the initial viscosity in the RVA profile. The formation of polymers through disulphide bonding caused a viscosity rise in the RVA profile. The amounts of free sulphydryl groups markedly decreased between 70 and 80 °C and when holding the temperature at 95 °C. 相似文献
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Junzeng Xu Yuping Lv Likun Ai Shihong Yang Yupu He Twecan Dalson 《Paddy and Water Environment》2017,15(2):381-393
Based on data collected from rice fields under drying–wetting cycle condition, the procedure of dual-crop coefficient (K cd) approaches was calibrated and validated to reveal its feasibility and improve its performance in rice evapotranspiration (ET c) estimation. It was found that K cd based on FAO-recommended basal crop coefficients (K cb) underestimated dual-crop coefficients in monsoon climate region in East China. The recommended coefficient (K cp) value of 1.2 was not high enough to reflect the pulse increase of rice ET c after soil wetting. The K cb values were calibrated as 1.52 and 0.63 in midseason and late season, and the K cp value was adjusted as 1.29 after soil wetting in rice field under drying–wetting cycle condition. The dual-crop coefficient curves based on locally calibrated K cbCal and K cpCor matched well with the measured crop coefficients and performed well in calculating rice evapotranspiration from paddy fields under drying–wetting cycle condition. So it can be concluded that the procedure of dual-crop coefficient method is feasible in rice ET c estimation, and locally calibrated K cb and K cp can improve its performance remarkably. 相似文献
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Assessment of soil enzyme activities of saline–sodic soil under drip irrigation in the Songnen plain
A field experiment was carried out to research the changes and spatial distributions of soil enzyme activities in saline–sodic soil for a different number of cultivated years under drip irrigation. The distributions of alkaline phosphatase, urease, and sucrase activities within 40 cm in both horizontal and vertical directions of the emitter in saline–sodic soils planted with Leymus chinensis for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year were studied. A mathematical method was used to determine the relationships between soil enzyme activities and soil environmental factors contain the electrical conductivity of saturated-soil extract, pH value, available nutrient, and organic carbon. Alkaline phosphatase, urease, and sucrase activities all increased with cultivated years in saline–sodic soil under drip irrigation: from 4.5, 1.39 and 19.39 to 20.25, 3.17, and 61.33 μg g?1 h?1, respectively, after planting L. chinensis for 3 year. Alkaline phosphatase, urease, and sucrase activities all decreased with increased horizontal and vertical distance from the emitter. After 3 year of drip irrigation, the correlations between soil enzyme activities and soil environment factors had stronger correlations than in the unreclaimed land. After 4–6 years, the soil enzyme activities should attain the level of the natural L. chinensis grassland. 相似文献
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Takeshi Yamada Yoshihide Umebayashi Maiko Kawashima Yuma Sugiura Takashi Kikuchi Reiko Tanaka 《Marine drugs》2015,13(5):3231-3240
Tandyukisins B–D (1–3), novel decalin derivatives, have been isolated from a strain of Trichoderma harzianum OUPS-111D-4 originally derived from the marine sponge Halichondria okadai, and their structures have been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses using 1D and 2D NMR techniques. In addition, their chemical structures were established by chemical transformation. They exhibited weak cytotoxicity, but selective growth inhibition on panel screening using 39 human cancer cell lines. 相似文献
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Shu-Hui Liu Yao-Hu Kang Shu-Qin Wan Shu-Fang Jiang Shi-Ping Liu Jia-Xia Sun 《Paddy and Water Environment》2013,11(1-4):603-610
A field experiment was carried out to research the changes and spatial distributions of soil nutrients in saline–sodic soil for different number of cultivated years under drip irrigation. The distributions of available potassium (AK), available phosphorus (AP), nitrate nitrogen (NO3 ?–N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +–N), as well as the amount of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and organic carbon (OC) in the 0–40 cm soil layers in saline–sodic soils planted with Leymus chinensis for 1, 2, and 3 years were studied. The results showed that the distance from the emitter had an obvious effect on soil nutrients. Drip irrigation had substantial effects on levels of AK, AP, and NO3 ?–N. The contents of AK, AP, and NO3 ?–N were very high in the area near the emitter in the horizontal direction. In the vertical direction, levels of all of the available and total soil nutrients decreased with increased soil depth. Levels of AK, AP, NO3 ?–N, NH4 +–N, TN, TP, and OC all increased with continued cultivation of crops on saline–sodic soil using drip irrigation. Compared to the nutrients found in soils from the natural L. chinensis grasslands, the contents of AK and TP were higher in the drip-irrigated soils, although the contents of AP, NO3 ?–N, and NH4 +–N were broadly comparable. Given the rate of improvements in nutrient levels, we forecast that the nutrients in drip-irrigated saline–sodic soils should match those of the natural L. chinensis grasslands after 3–6 years of cultivation. 相似文献
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Frederic Auger Marie-Helene Morel Jacques Lefebvre Muriel Dewilde Andreas Redl 《Journal of Cereal Science》2008
The mechanism of gluten network development is still unclear and remains difficult to study since gluten network formation in bread dough is a rather quick process. In order to better characterize this dynamic event, we slowed down its kinetics by increasing the dough water content. During mixing, performed with a planetary mixer at variable mixing speeds and flour/water ratios, the torque was recorded. Common flours from wheat cultivars Orvantis, Caphorn and Isengrain, similar in composition and Farinograph parameters, were studied. 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》2004,89(1):59-70
High photoperiod sensitivity is a singular trait for adaptation of sorghum to environmental constraints in sudano-sahelian West Africa. Difficulties encountered by selected models such as CERES-sorghum and STICS to simulate crop development may result from the representation of sorghum response to daylength during the photoperiod inductive phase. Four modeling approaches combining two temperature and photoperiod responses (linear, hyperbolic) and two calculation methods for development rates (cumulative, threshold) were evaluated to simulate time to panicle initiation (PI) in highly photoperiod sensitive Guinea sorghum variety CSM388. In the cumulative method, development rates were computed as summations of daily photothermal ratios, whereas in the threshold method accumulated degree days were tested against thermal time requirement to PI modulated by current photoperiod. Each model was calibrated based on observations from a Sotuba, Mali (12°39′N) planting date experiment spanning a 2-month period in 1996. Observed time from emergence to PI decreased from 54 to 22 days for a 20 min variation in daylength. Apparent higher performance by threshold methods was further tested against a 1994 independent dataset featuring three latitudes and a much wider range of sowing dates extending from February to September. Results validate the superiority of threshold over cumulative methods and confirm the better fit of a hyperbolic temperature and photoperiod response. A threshold–hyperbolic modeling approach is believed to be more consistent with crop physiology as it associates cumulative (temperature) processes and trigger (photoperiod) events that better reflect the concepts of quantitative plant growth and qualitative plant development. Its mathematical form and computational simplicity should ensure wide applicability for varietal screening over a large range of photoperiod sensitivities including neutral cultivars, and easy implementation into existing models. 相似文献
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In many parts of Asia, rice is transplanted in puddled fields and after the harvest of this crop wheat is grown. This traditional
method of growing rice may have deleterious effect on the growth of the subsequent crop in a rice–wheat cropping system. Wheat
crop was planted in the same plots following a rice crop to evaluate the residual effects of various tillage treatments suitable
for rice on the growth of the subsequent crop. Rice cultivar Super-basmati was grown in summer and wheat cultivar Auqab-2000
in autumn after rice. Four treatments were used to grow rice viz. transplanting in continuously flooded conditions (TRF),
transplanting with intermittent flooding and drying (TRI), direct seeded using dry seeds (DSR) and direct seeded using primed
seeds (DSP). Traditional puddling tillage system was followed in TRF and TRI, while for DSR and DSP, dry tillage system was
followed. For convenience, the abbreviations of the rice treatments were used to indicate the same plots during the wheat
crop. For the rice crop, tiller number, fertile tillers, kernel and straw yield, and harvest index were significantly better
with transplanted treatments (TRI and TRF) than the direct seeded treatments. TRI also gave a yield advantage of 5% over TRF.
For wheat, crop following direct seeded rice was better than transplanting. This study suggests that intermittent irrigation
in the traditional puddling tillage system and DSP dry tillage system are the promising alternatives that may be opted. 相似文献