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1.
气候变化对西峰黄土高原地温与物候期的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用西峰黄土高原1971~2005年5、10、15、20 cm地温和1981~2005年冬小麦发育期、1984~2005年苹果树、梨树物候资料,分析了地温变化对物候期的影响。结果表明,西峰各季节10 cm地温均呈升高的趋势,增温幅度春季最明显,变幅也最大,冬季次大,再是秋季,夏季最小。地温与物候期均为负相关,冬季与冬小麦发育期最显著的是乳熟期,相关系数为-0.57~-0.65,与苹果树发育期最显著的是成熟期,相关系数为-0.48~-0.60,与梨树发育期最显著的是叶变始期和开花始期为-0.41~-0.52;春季与冬小麦发育期最显著的是返青期,相关系数为-0.60~-0.63,与苹果树发育期最显著的是叶芽开放期和展叶始期,为-0.66~-0.68,与梨树发育期最显著的是开花始期,为-0.68~-0.69。春季地温对作物发育期的影响具有明显的持续性和滞后性,冬季地温对作物发育期影响有阶段性,春季地温对作物发育期的影响比冬季的明显。 相似文献
2.
通过对渭北旱塬区永寿、风翔、蒲城、旬邑4个农业气象试验站1971年到2010年冬小麦观测数据以及30个县市区同期气象资料同步观测分析,得出渭北旱塬区气候近40年来增温明显,且以冬季和春季增温最为显著。受气候变化影响,本区域冬小麦播种期、越冬期推迟,返青期、拔节期、抽穗期、成熟期等发育期普遍提前,以返青期提前最为显著,相关性分析显示,除了冬前生长期,冬小麦越冬期以及春季各发育期间隔和发育期平均气温相关显著,而且春季的相关性明显比冬季显著,但表现在发育期间隔方面,却是冬小麦越冬期呈显著缩短趋势,而返青后各发育期间隔没有明显变化。结论认为：气候变暖一方面有利于越冬农作物安全越冬,减少冻害对农业生产的影响,而且温度升高,也增加了农业生产积温,使农作物可生长期延长,有利于提高复种指数;另一方面,由于旱塬区春季气温变率较大,发育期提前将导致作物受冻害的气候风险增大,尤其果树开花期遭受冻害,将对产量构成严重威胁。冬季气温持续上升,将导致冬小麦条锈病孢子和林果病虫害等安全越冬,对病虫害防治工作带来很大难度。因此,气候变暖对旱塬农业生产将产生深刻的影响,应引起高度关注。 相似文献
3.
天水市冬小麦生长对气候变暖的响应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过分析冬小麦生育期、产量与温度的关系及变化趋势,建立回归模拟方程,揭示冬小麦对气候变暖的响应,为种植结构调整和粮食安全提供理论依据。结果表明:1980年以来,天水冬小麦对气候变暖的响应主要表现为出苗期、拔节期、抽穗期、成熟期缩短,返青期推迟;增温使出苗～返青期、拔节～抽穗期延长,返青～拔节、抽穗～成熟期缩短;随着冬小麦全生育期平均气温和地温的升高,全生育期以6.7 d/10a的速度缩短;小麦全生育期与5、10、15、20 cm平均地温均呈负相关。小麦产量有先降后升的变化趋势。天水市小麦适宜播期应在10月1日左右。 相似文献
4.
气候变化对陇东冬小麦生态影响特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对黄土高原比较有典型代表性的残塬"董志塬"的变暖及冬小麦生态响应特征进行研究,发现"董志塬"近35 a来年平均增温线性趋势达0.0505℃,增温表现出平均气温、最高气温、最低气温同时上升,且冬春季增温速度最快,秋季次之,夏季增温最平缓;增温对冬小麦的生态影响主要体现在全生育期(线性趋势0.91 d/a)、越冬期(线性趋势0.85 d/a)显著缩短,春季发育期普遍提前(返青期以0.57 d/a的线性趋势提前,拔节期以0.42 d/a的线性趋势提前,成熟期以0.48 d/a的线性趋势提前),而春季各发育期间间隔日数并未出现缩短的趋势.认为气候变暖对当地农业生产有利有弊,气候变暖,尤其冬春气温显著升高将导致越冬期土壤水分损耗增大,春旱加剧,不利于春季农业生产;另一方面冬小麦全生育期缩短,成熟期提前,能有效提高复种指数和土地利用率. 相似文献
5.
河北省冬小麦生长和产量对气候变化的响应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用河北省1981-2007年冬小麦产量资料和冬麦区23个农业气象站点冬小麦全生育期观测资料、逐日气象资料,采用最小二乘法、相关分析、通径分析等方法,分析冬小麦生长发育和产量对气候变化的响应。结果表明:冬小麦冬前各生育期、北部麦区起身期、中南部抽穗－开花期平均气温下降,其他发育期平均气温升高;各发育期平均日照时数减少;降水总量冬前增加,冬后减少。冬小麦冬前生育期延后,冬后生育期提前;播种－分蘖期和抽穗－成熟期延长,其他发育期缩短,实际生长天数变化不大。不同生育期内气象要素对冬小麦发育进程和产量影响不同:气温是影响发育进程的主要气象因子,各发育期内均有较大影响;降水对返青后发育进程影响较大;日照主要影响灌浆成熟期。北部麦区气象产量主要受冬前分蘖期、越冬期、起身－拔节期的气温,开花－成熟期的气温和日照,拔节－抽穗期的降水量影响;中南部麦区气象产量主要受全生育期降水量(以返青－抽穗期最为突出)、开花－成熟期的气温和日照影响。 相似文献
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采用陇东15个气象站1965～2005年冬季积温和1981～2005年环县、西峰、平凉代表站小麦发育期的资料,分析了冬小麦发育期的变化规律,探讨了冬季积温对冬小麦发育期的影响.结果表明,陇东冬季积温2000年以来持续为正距平,1965～2005年积温增加率为4.5℃·d/a,陇东冬小麦发育期1994年以后基本持续变早.3个代表站的冬季积温与冬小麦各发育期呈负相关,西峰的相关性明显,最显著的是返青期,其次是抽穗期,再是起身期.冬小麦平均发育期冬季积温典型偏高年份比典型偏低年份均早,环县最明显的是全生育期提前了17 d,其次是开花期提前了15 d, 再是起身期提前了12 d,西峰最明显的是全生育期提前了21 d,其次是起身期提前了19 d,再是返青期提前了17 d,平凉最明显的是开花、乳熟期均提前了7 d,其次是起身期提前了6 d,再是孕穗、抽穗期提前了5 d. 相似文献
7.
气候变化对山西省冬小麦种植的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
以1961-2005年地面气象观测资料和冬小麦生长发育资料为基础,分析了山西省气候要素及关键界限温度等变化趋势和特征。结果表明:山西省年平均气温增温明显,最冷月平均气温稳定上升,其倾向率为0.42℃/10 a;冬、春两季增温明显,其中冬季气温上升尤为显著;年平均气温和极端最低气温等值线北移较明显;降水量总的趋势在减少,秋、夏两季节降水量下降趋势以及阶段性都较明显,冬、春季总降水趋势不太明显,但阶段性起伏比较大;年平均日照时数也呈下降趋势。≥0℃积温、降水量和日照时数较1960年代在区域分布上东南部地区则较正常,其余地区呈增加、减少趋势。经M-K检验可知,自上世纪70年代末、90年代初开始温度升高、降水减少趋势开始明显,并在1998年通过U0.05显著性检验,从1990年代开始的气候暖干旱化趋势明显。气候变化使冬小麦播种和越冬期推迟,从返青开始各发育期均有提前,冬小麦种植北界较1960年代北移约15km左右。 相似文献
8.
气候变暖对陇东塬区冬小麦成熟期的影响与适宜收获期预报 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
段金省 《干旱地区农业研究》2007,25(1):158-161
通过对陇东塬区近35年来的气温资料分析发现,平均气温随年代呈明显增加趋势,年平均气温上升幅度为0.0528℃/a,且以冬春季增幅最大,夏秋季增幅较小.气候变暖使陇东塬区冬小麦春季各发育期整体提前,是冬小麦成熟期提前的主要原因;春末夏初气温偏高、降水偏少,高温持续时间长,加快了冬小麦的生殖生长阶段的发育进程,使发育期间隔天数缩短,也是冬小麦的成熟期明显提前的另一原因.同时根据西峰农试站近10年来对陇东塬区冬小麦灌浆速度的测定结果,结合冬小麦拔节抽穗期的天气气候、作物生长发育进程、相似年型分析,建立了冬小麦成熟期的预报思路和方法,预测了2006年庆阳市冬小麦适宜收获期,并对庆阳市近5年来适宜夏收期间的降水日数进行了分析,做出了2006年庆阳市冬小麦适宜收获期为6月15～25日的预报结论,预报结论和冬小麦的实际成熟期相吻合. 相似文献
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陇东黄土高原冬小麦生长量与气象要素相关分析 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
对陇东黄土高原半湿润半干旱气候区冬小麦生长量、灌浆速度等指标与气象要素、水分因子、生长势、产量以及产量构成要素进行了相关分析,结果显示春季营养生长阶段,发育期降水对生长量正效应显著,光照、积温等光、热要素对生长量负效应显著。进入生殖生长阶段以后,发育期降水对生长量、产量和灌浆速度的影响逐步减弱,光、热要素由前期的负效应转变为正效应,光照对陇东冬小麦后期生长和产量形成尤为重要。而进入生殖生长期以后,由于降水对光照的影响,前期土壤水库蓄水成为冬小麦有效耗水的主要来源。 相似文献
10.
根据农田试验观测和气象资料平行分析,随着气候变暖,陇东塬区冬小麦冬前各发育期推迟,冬前旺长现象突出,而春季各发育期显著提前,干旱灾害频繁发生;在大秋作物玉米生长过程中,大部分发育期呈现提前趋势,发育期间隔日数显著缩短,春旱和初夏旱危害严重。通过综合分析,在气候变暖情景下,为了提高本区农作物产量,避免不利气候因素的影响,通过调整作物播种期和收获期等农业技术措施,可以有效地提高本区的玉米播种质量,预防冬小麦冬前旺长和减轻春季干旱的危害。同时加强对农业气象灾害的监测、预警和预报服务系统的建设,为地方政府防灾抗灾的正确决策提供科技支撑作用。 相似文献
11.
Real-time weed detection, decision making and patch spraying in maize, sugarbeet, winter wheat and winter barley 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Information on temporal and spatial variation in weed seedling populations within agricultural fields is very important for weed population assessment and management. Most of all, it allows a potential reduction in herbicide use, when post‐emergence herbicides are only applied to field sections with weed infestation levels higher than the economic weed threshold; a review of such work is provided. This paper presents a system for site‐specific weed control in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.), maize (Zea mays L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), including online weed detection using digital image analysis, computer‐based decision making and global positioning systems (GPS)‐controlled patch spraying. In a 4‐year study, herbicide use with this map‐based approach was reduced in winter cereals by 60% for herbicides against broad‐leaved weeds and 90% for grass weed herbicides. In sugarbeet and maize, average savings for grass weed herbicides were 78% in maize and 36% in sugarbeet. For herbicides against broad‐leaved weeds, 11% were saved in maize and 41% in sugarbeet. 相似文献
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P J W LUTMAN J SWEET K BERRY J LAW R PAYNE E SIMPSON K WALKER P WIGHTMAN 《Weed Research》2008,48(5):408-419
Two winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) cultivars, tolerant to glyphosate and glufosinate, were compared with a conventional cultivar at three sites over 4 years, in 3‐year crop rotations in the UK. The winter oilseed rape was grown in Years 1 and 4, with winter cereals, which received uniform herbicide treatments, in the intervening years. The second winter oilseed rape treatments were applied to randomised sub‐plots of the original plots. Weed densities were recorded in autumn and spring and weed biomass was measured in summer. At most sites, there was only one application of glufosinate or glyphosate, whereas two products were often used on the conventional variety. The timing of glyphosate and glufosinate application was, on average, 34 days later than that of the conventional broad‐leaved weed control treatments. Overall weed control, across all sites and years, was not statistically different between the conventional, glyphosate and glufosinate treatments. However, glyphosate achieved higher control of individual weed species more frequently than the other treatments. Glufosinate and the conventional treatments were similar in performance. The treatments in Year 1 sometimes affected weed populations in the subsequent cereal crops and, in rare instances, those in the rape in Year 4. Carry‐over effects were small after most treatments. In general, weed survival was greater in the oilseed rape crops, irrespective of the treatment, than it was in the intervening cereal crops. 相似文献
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Pot and field tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of pyribenzoxim for winter weeds in wheat. In the pot tests, pyribenzoxim, at 50 g ha−1 , controlled certain biotypes of blackgrass, including a fenoxaprop-P-ethyl-resistant biotype (the "Notts" biotype). A chlorotoluron-resistant blackgrass (the "Peldon" biotype) was not controlled. Cleaver, at the three-to-four-leaf stage, was completely controlled by pyribenzoxim at 30 g ha−1 . In the field, the application in December gave good control of common chickweed, but did not control other weeds. No damage to wheat was observed with this rate of pyribenzoxim in December. The application in March gave complete control of blackgrass , hairy chess, and soft brome at 70 g ha−1 , and cleaver at 140 g ha−1 . The partial control of corn poppy and field violet was achieved. The March application scorched the wheat at 50–70 g ha−1 , with prolonged stunting at 100–140 g ha−1 . In conclusion, it was shown that pyribenzoxim had potential as a wheat herbicide, but needed further fine-tuning to find an optimum dosage. 相似文献
15.
Temporally repeated data sets can provide useful information about the management practices governing changes in the arable weed flora. This study aimed (i) to investigate changes in the most common weed species in winter oilseed rape crops in France between the 1970s and the 2000s and (ii) to pinpoint the main plant biological traits and associated management practices underlying the development of a specific weed flora in this crop. We compared two large‐scale surveys covering France in the 1970s and the 2000s, the later survey including several floristic samplings, on two dates, and both herbicide‐free control and treated plots. This last survey aimed to identify the species best able to maintain high densities over a growing season of oilseed rape. Since the 1970s, the frequency of two‐thirds (69%) of the 26 most common species has changed, spectacularly in some cases, with several species once considered rare becoming very common (e.g. Geranium dissectum) and, conversely, some formerly common species becoming rarer (e.g. Stellaria media). Our results indicated a general strong increase in specialist weeds of oilseed rape. Weed species success was favoured by tolerance to oilseed rape herbicides and germination synchronous with the crop. The proportion of specialist oilseed rape weed species tended to increase with herbicide treatment intensity and to decrease with increases in the proportion of spring‐sown crops in the rotation. Changes to the rotation may therefore constitute an additional or alternative means of controlling some weeds well adapted to oilseed rape crops. 相似文献
16.
新疆冰雪旅游发展的SWOT分析及开发策略研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文章运用SWOT分析法,由内部环境的优势与劣势、外部环境的机遇和威胁四个方面对新疆的冰雪旅游发展进行了分析,提出了有针对性的对策和建议,以期为新疆冰雪旅游业的发展提供有价值的参考。 相似文献
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阿勒泰地区冬季降水变化特征及雪灾趋势判断 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1961～2010年北疆阿勒泰地区的气象数据,对研究区大冬季的气温和降水特征进行分析。结果表明:1)阿勒泰地区年平均气温以0.43℃/10a的速率呈增温趋势,与此同时降雪量也以126.4mm/10a的速度呈上升趋势。2)通过可公度法判断出2012a及2013a发生下一次中-重度雪灾的信号较强。并采用蝴蝶结构图法及可公度结构系法对雪灾发生年份进行了验证。3)太阳黑子及ENSO事件对雪灾的发生均具有一定的影响。 相似文献
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J. D. S. CLARKSON 《Plant pathology》1981,30(3):125-131