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难产是牛常见的产科疾病之一,奶牛发病率明显高于黄牛,对奶牛业造成较大的经济损失。奶牛难产时如果助产不当,可使难产奶牛失去繁殖能力而被淘汰,甚至造成母子双亡的严重后果。救治难产时,可选用的助产方法有产道助产和剖腹助产两大类,剖腹产是无法矫正胎儿或施以截胎术时待用的一种助产手术,是解决难产的重要手段。如能慎重果断地早期实施手术,加上熟练的技术,成功率是很高的。本文主要从剖腹产的术前准备和手术步骤作如下综述。 相似文献
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母牛难产是畜牧业中常见的问题，可导致母牛生命危险和犊牛的损失，因此难产牛剖宫产手术的重要性不可忽视。基于此，首先介绍牛难产的原因和临床表现，为及早诊断难产提供依据；然后详细阐述了术前准备的重要性，包括术床准备、体检、保定和麻醉等，确保手术的安全和顺利进行；深入探讨了难产牛剖宫产手术的术中操作，包括找准切口位置、处理切口位置和手术要点等关键步骤；最后提出及时输液、适时拆线和精心饲喂管理等术后护理措施，促进母牛和胎儿的康复，提高兽医学和畜牧业领域对难产牛剖宫产手术的认识和应用水平，为畜牧业的发展和兽医学的进步提供有益参考依据。 相似文献
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难产是奶牛常见的产科病之一，难产发生以后，施行剖腹产手术是一种重要的救治手段。但该技术相对比较复杂、手术条件要求较高，很多兽医工作者不敢进行剖腹产手术；同时很多畜主担心剖腹产的成功率，更担心剖腹产手术会影响奶牛的正常配种而不同意进行手术救治，结果导致很多难产牛被送入屠宰场而阻碍了奶牛业的健康发展。我们初步统计2006年泰安市奶牛存栏量为4万头，共有大小屠宰场8个，2006年全年淘汰的病牛有1082头，而其中难产牛占287头；其中很多难产牛是可以通过剖腹产手术来进行挽救的。笔者自1990年从事奶牛疾病治疗，至今已经接诊难产病牛179头，其中进行了151例剖腹产手术，成功126例，成功率达84％；失败的25例主要因心力衰竭而死、子宫破裂修补失败而死和术后慢性子宫内膜炎而淘汰。笔者总结了救治过程中的许多复杂的难点问题和意外事故，对广大兽医临床工作者有重要的指导意义。本文把临床实践与剖腹产技术理论相结合，深入探讨，总结经验教训，以供广大同仁借鉴： 相似文献
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难产是奶牛常见的产科病之一，难产发生以后，施行剖腹产手术是一种重要的救治手段。
但该技术相对比较复杂、手术条件要求较高，很多兽医工作者不敢进行剖腹产手术；同时很多畜主担心剖腹产的成功率．更担心剖腹产手术会影响奶牛的正常配种而不同意进行手术救治．结果导致很多难产牛被送入屠宰场而阻碍了奶牛业的健康发展。 相似文献
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自2002年牛人工授精技术在全区各地开始推广以来，本地牛种产杂种牛犊难产的现象时有发生，防止牛发生难产是牛品改工作需解决的问题。笔者经过近几年来的探索，掌握了本地牛发生难产的情况及处理办法，结合临床实践，现将难产原因及防治措施介绍如下。 相似文献
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G. Liguori S. Paino N. Mirabella C. Squillacioti A. De Luca A. Vittoria 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2014,43(1):42-47
Orexins A (ox A) and B are two peptides originally discovered in neurons of rat hypothalamus, and later found in different cellular types of the gastrointestinal and genital tracts. They arise from the proteolytic cleavage of a common precursor molecule, prepro‐orexin, and bind to two receptors, namely receptor 1 (ox1r) and receptor 2 for orexins, that show different binding affinity. The central role of the two peptides has been extensively studied, whereas their activity in the periphery is still poorly known. Here, we investigated the presence of ox A and ox1r in the epididymis of a South American camelid species, the alpaca, by immunohistochemistry, and we also assessed the expression of prepro‐orexin and ox1r in tissue extracts by Western blotting analysis. Ox A‐ and ox1r‐immunoreactivity was found in the cytoplasm of principal cells of the caput epididymis. A prevalent supranuclear localization of granular‐shaped positive material was observed. No positivity was present in the other cytotypes of epididymis. The expression of two peptides with molecular weight corresponding to those of prepro‐orexin and ox1r, respectively, was detected in the tissue extracts from the organ. 相似文献
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The isolation and transmission of an unidentified Babesia sp. to cattle by Hyalomma truncatum Koch 1844 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
D T de Waal F T Potgieter M P Combrink T E Mason 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1990,57(4):229-232
An unidentified Babesia sp. which causes a mild disease in cattle was isolated in a splenectomized ox that received pooled blood from field cattle. That this organism is pleomorphic and resembles Babesia occultans makes it difficult to differentiate between these organisms microscopically. Initially, it was suspected that this Babesia could be B. occultans. Several attempts to transmit this parasite transovarially with Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, the vector of B. occultans, failed. Continued efforts to identify possible vectors, using Boophilus microplus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, all failed. The only tick thus far identified that could have transmitted the infection transovarially in the adult stage was the two-host tick Hyalomma truncatum. 相似文献
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结缕草赤霞素和脱落酸的生物合成与代谢过程中关键基因片段的克隆 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在高等植物中,内根-贝壳杉烯酸氧化酶(KAO)、GA20-氧化酶(GA20ox)、GA3-氧化酶(GA3ox)、玉米黄质环氧酶(ZEP)、9-顺式-环氧类胡萝卜素双加氧酶(NCED)、8`-羟化酶(CYP707A)和GA2-β羟化酶(GA2ox)被证明在赤霉素(GA)和脱落酸(ABA)的生物合成与代谢途径中起着重要作用。为进一步确定结缕草(Zoysia japonica)(ABA)和(GA)合成代谢途径中的关键基因与休眠机制,于2009年8月从野生结缕草和海青一号结缕草中分离并克隆出了相关的重要基因:ZjZEP、ZjGA20 ox、ZjGA2 ox、ZjGA3 ox、ZjNCED、ZjKAO、18 SrRNA。通过测序和序列比对分析,确认了克隆序列的准确性。 相似文献
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赤霉素(GA)是一类重要的植物激素,在植物的生长发育过程中发挥着重要作用。许多赤霉素代谢途径关键酶的编码基因已经被克隆和研究,但在高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)中尚未见报道,利用RACE技术获得了高羊茅赤霉素2-氧化酶基因(FaGA2ox)。结果表明:FaGA2oxcDNA全长1566bp,包含1026bp开放阅读框,编码一个由341个氨基酸组成的蛋白质。FaGA2ox转基因烟草(Nicotiana tabocum)表现出赤霉素缺陷的表型,叶片面积明显变小,且叶片褶皱,叶片颜色暗绿,节间长度明显变短。综上所述,FaGA2ox在烟草中的过量表达可以导致植株矮化,为进一步利用该基因转化高羊茅培育矮化植株奠定基础。 相似文献
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Information on the losses associated with lower milk production and reproductive performance, as well as information from a survey of uk dairy herds using beef semen was used to estimate the economic importance of calving difficulties in uk dairy herds. The survey covered information on cow and calf mortality, cow culling and the need for veterinary assistance, the incidences of which were related to the degree of calving difficulty experienced. The total cost of a slightly difficult calving was estimated to be approximately 110 pounds, and of a seriously difficult calving between 350 pounds and 400 pounds, depending on assumptions of the veterinary costs. However, the major costs were associated with the labour required at the delivery, the increase in the number of days open, and the costs associated with the deaths of cows and calves, and cow culling. 相似文献
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In 1969 25 musk ox calves were captured in Greenland and brought to Norway. The animals were kept on a farm at Bardu in the northern part of the country. In this herd a serious outbreak of contagious ecthyma occurred. This disease has quite recently been observed in musk ox also in Alaska (White, personal communication 1978). 相似文献
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In the present study, an outbreak of proliferative dermatitis in musk ox (Ovibos moschatus), Sichuan takin (Budorcas taxicolor tibetana) and domestic Shetland sheep (Ovis aries) in a zoo is described. Skin lesions consisted of severe, persistent, multifocal, proliferative dermatitis in musk ox, and mild, transient, focal, dermatitis in the Sichuan takin and Shetland sheep. Parapoxviruses were isolated from skin lesions, and characterized by restriction enzyme analysis and partial gene sequencing. The results of this investigation indicate that the outbreak of proliferative dermatitis was due to infection by a single parapoxvirus, which is genetically closely related to other orf virus (ORFV) strains but distant to bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) and pseudocowpox virus (PCPV). 相似文献