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利用方差分析、相关分析、因子分析和通径分析等方法,对筛选到的20株麻疯树优良单株的产量性状指标和种子特性等进行分析,结果表明:(1)单株果数、单株种子数、单株果重和单株种子重的变异系数均大于60%,具有较大的选择潜力,而百粒重、种子长度、种子宽度、种子厚度、种子含水量和种子含油量的变异系数分别为9.09%、1.67%、1.99%、2.04%、11.84%和7.02%,相对选择潜力较小;(2)单株果数、单株种数、单株果重和单株种子重4个性状反映了单株产量,且相互间呈极显著正相关,百粒重则反映了种子饱满程度,因此可选取单株种重和百粒重作为麻疯树优良单株筛选评价的主要指标;(3)种子含油量可在将来获得麻疯树高产稳产品种的基础上作为高油品种的筛选评价指标;(4)优良单株CPT1的单株种重、百粒重和种子含油量分别为676.84g、62.04g和34.43%,其产量性状和含油量表现较好,可作为生产上优良品种进一步筛选和培育的对象。 相似文献
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Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an important oil seed crop with growing importance in many countries around the world. However, safflower fly (Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi) is one of the main limiting factors to expand the production area of the crop in several countries. Since host plant-resistance is the most efficient method for pest management, we evaluated a germplasm of wild accessions (Carthamus oxyacanthus Bieb.) with mostly brown–black seed coat color along with some white-seeded cultivated safflower genotypes for resistance to safflower fly. The results showed that there was a significant difference between two species for safflower fly damage with all cultivated genotypes being susceptible. However, for the accessions of C. oxyacanthus, a wide range of resistance was observed. In a choice experiment and natural infestation, 35.3–78.9 percent of heads per plant were infested in genotypes of C. tinctorius while for the accessions of C. oxyacanthus this was much smaller and ranged from 1.6 to 13.6%. In addition, percentage of seed yield loss per infested plant was more drastic in cultivated safflower (29.0–72.8%) than the wild accessions (0.0–21.4%). In the no-choice experiment, fly population was dramatically decreased in the wild accessions due to larval mortality and possibility of antibiosis. There was a strong relationship between brown–black seed coat color and resistance to safflower fly indicating the possibility of using this trait in breeding programs of safflower to develop fly-resistant cultivars. 相似文献
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大豆籽粒大小和粒形的驯化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从野生大豆到栽培大豆的驯化过程中,籽粒大小和形状发生了很大变化,探究这些性状的变化规律能加深对基因驯化机制的认识。以14个野生大豆、45个地方品种和30个育成品种为材料,进行上述性状的偏相关和因子分析。结果表明:栽培品种中百粒重和籽粒大小呈极显著相关,但野生大豆中百粒重和粒长不相关;野生大豆中长宽比是因子分析第1因子的重要成分,而栽培品种并非如此;百粒重与籽粒大小显著相关,与粒形性状不相关。此外,上述结果还通过溧水中子黄豆和南农493-1杂交组合构建的504个正反交F2∶3、F2∶4和F2∶5家系群体的偏相关分析和QTL定位结果予以证实。 相似文献
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A large number of accessions belonging to selected wild Vigna species namely V. unguiculata subspecies dekindtiana, V. oblongifolia, and V. vexillata were evaluated using choice (DCAT) and no-choice (NCFT) laboratory feeding bioassays to determine their resistance to the pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius. The most resistant accessions belonged to V. vexillata, followed by those from V. oblongifolia, with a few outstanding exceptions from V. unguiculata. Even though the latter were the least resistant, they provided the greatest variability among the tested accessions. In the DCAT, the cultivated cowpea line, IT84S-2246, which was used as the susceptible control was always preferred for feeding by the larvae (feeding index [FI] of 1.10–2.60) than the V. unguiculata accessions (FI ranged from 0–0.52). Against the resistant control (itself belonging to V. vexillata), only a few accessions were less preferred, most of these being either V. vexillata or V. oblongifolia. Larvae lost weight on the most resistant from all three species, because they either did not feed, or fed very little. Weight gain was positively correlated with seed damage (r = 0.82, P < 0.01) and the amount of frass produced (r = 0.91, P < 0.01). Seed damage was also positively correlated with the amount of frass produced (r = 0.64, P < 0.05). On the basis of these results, we believe that both antibiosis (post-ingestive effects) and antixenosis (deterrence to boring into the pods to feed) modalities of resistance are involved. The results are discussed further in relation to the origin, domestication and use of these accessions in cowpea improvement. 相似文献
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Correlation of Plant Morphological and Grain Quality Traits with Mineral Element Contents in Yunnan Rice 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
ZENG Ya-wen SHEN Shi-quan WANG Lu-xiang LIU Jia-fu Pu Xiao-ying Du Juan Qiu Min 《水稻科学》2005,12(2):101-106
Correlations between four grain quality, 24 plant morphological traits and eight element contents of 653 accessions from Yunnan rice were analyzed. P, K, Ca and Mg contents of core collection were closely correlated to the most plant morphological and grain quality traits, and there were highly significant correlations （P 〈0.01） among some traits including P content to number of stems and tillers, K content and amylose content, Ca content and plant height, Mg content and protein content. Mn, Zn, Cu and Fe contents of core collection were closely related to a few traits, such as Fe content and gel consistency （-0.1121^＊＊）, Zn content and seed setting rate （-0.1411^＊＊）, Cu content and number of grains per panicle （-0.1398^＊＊）, Mn content and plant height （-0.2492^＊＊）. 相似文献
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S. Sarao Preetinder K. Sahi Gurpreet Neelam Kumari S. Mangat Gurjit C. Patra Bhaskar Singh Kuldeep 《水稻科学》2016,23(4):219
Out of 1 989 wild accessions sown in seed boxes for screening, only 1 003 wild accessions with good germination were screened against brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) under greenhouse conditions. The collection comprised of accessions from 11 wild species and African cultivated rice. The germplasm was screened for BPH following standard seed box screening technique in the greenhouse. As many as 159 accessions were identified as resistant during the year 2012 based on one year screening. A selected set of BPH resistant accessions were screened again during 2013. Based on the two years screening, seven accessions of O. nivara (AA), one accession of O. officinalis (CC), seven accessions of O. australiensis (EE), five accessions of O. punctata (BB and BBCC) and nine accessions of O. latifolia (CCDD) were confirmed to be resistant to BPH. So far no BPH resistance genes have been identified and designated from O. nivara and O. punctata, hence these may act as new sources of resistance. 相似文献
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探讨疏花疏果对罗汉果品质和效益的影响。试验分为每株50、70、90、110和130个果5个处理,分别测量各处理授粉后30 d的果实膨大情况、果实成熟期茎蔓直径大小、叶面积和叶绿素含量,以及成熟后各处理的大中果率、品质和收益情况。结果表明：（1）在罗汉果成熟期,各处理相互间茎蔓直径、叶面积和叶绿素含量差异均不显著;（2）130个果处理在授粉30 d果实大小和成熟期大中果率显著小于其它处理;（3）成熟期品质以50个果处理最好,收益以130个果处理相对较高。本研究认为从品质和收益两方面综合考虑,罗汉果每株结110个果相对品质好,收益高。 相似文献
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Vanina Cravero Eugenia MartinIgnacio Crippa Fernando López AnidoStella Maris García Enrique Cointry 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,37(1):253-258
Fourteen accessions of Cynara cardunculus were compared with the aim to evaluate the fresh biomass production and its partition, aiming at its potential use for industrial purposes. At anthesis stage, when plants have the maximum vegetative development, stalks, leaves and capitula were weighed separately. The percentage of dry matter per gram of fresh biomass was also calculated. The first capitulum components of each plant: bracts, flowers and remnant receptacle were also weighed separately. The total fresh biomass ranged between 1188 and 3235 g/plant, with variable values within each botanical variety, whereas the partition of the aboveground biomass was strongly affected by botanical variety. In both cardoons varieties, the percentage of dry matter ranged between 30 and 35% for all components of aboveground biomass, whereas in globe artichoke values ranged between 20% for capitula and 40% for leaves. Regarding capitula components, receptacle weight was of greatest importance in globe artichoke and cultivated cardoon. In wild cardoon flowers weight was more important than the other components. Results suggest that Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus and C. cardundulus var. cardunculus, might be considered as double purpose crops if after the capitula (in globe artichoke) or leaves (in cardoon) harvest, the fresh matter remaining is artificially dried and cut. On the other hand, Cynara cardunculus var. sylvestris, might be incorporated into the culture system as an industry or energy crop due the low inputs management that it requires, its adaptability to the local conditions and its aboveground biomass production. 相似文献
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云南稻种矿质元素含量与形态及品质性状的关系 总被引：22，自引：3，他引：22
以653份云南稻种为材料进行了8种矿质元素含量与4个品质性状及其24个形态性状间的相关性分析，结果表明核心种质的P、K、Ca和Mg含量与绝大多数形态和品质性状的关系密切，以P与茎蘖数(-0.2043** )、K与直链淀粉含量 (-0.2043** )、Ca与株高(-0.4151** )、Mg与蛋白质(0.2570** )相关性相对较高; 核心种质的Mn、Zn、Cu和Fe含量与少数形态品质性状的关系密切, 以Fe与胶稠度(-0.1121** )、Zn与结实率(-0.1411** )、Cu与每穗实粒数(-01398** )、Mn与株高（-0.2492** ）相关性相对较高。 相似文献
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１８１份野生油菜种子的全氮全磷含量和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性及其同工酶的测定结果表明；野生油菜种子粗蛋白含量变相为２５．１１％—３７．６７％，平均含量为３１．２６％；全磷含量变幅为０．２３％—０．５７％，平均含量为０．３９５％。野生油菜种子ＳＯＤ活性变幅为１６０７．５—１８０５．５酶单位／克干重，平均为１７０６．１。萌发过程中野生油菜ＳＯＤ活性的变化大于栽培油菜品种，ＳＯＤ同工酶谱带多１—２条。 相似文献
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Mohamed Errebhi Carl J. Rosen Florian I. Lauer Max W. Martin John B. Bamberg 《American Journal of Potato Research》1999,76(3):143-151
Modern potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) require high rates of fertilizer nitrogen (N). This practice is costly and can pose a serious threat to surface and groundwater. Previous evaluation of wild potato germplasm demonstrated the existence of species capable of producing high total biomass under low N conditions, with the ability to make maximum use of added N. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted in 1994 and 1995 to investigate the response of selected wild potato accessions and their hybrids with the haploid USW551 (USW) to low and high N environments. The haploid USW and cultivars Russet Burbank, Red Norland, and Russet Norkotah were also included in the study. Uniform propagules and seedlings from the variousSolanum species were transplanted to a Hubbard loamy sand (Udic Haploboroll) at Becker, Minn. and were subjected to two N treatments: 0 and 225 kg N ha-1. At harvest, total dry biomass of wild and hybrid potato germplasm was equal to or higher than that of the cultivars. However, cultivar biomass partitioning was 1% to roots, 15% to shoots, 0% to fruits, and 84% to tubers, whereas wild potato species partitioned 18% to roots plus nontuberized stolons, 52% to shoots, 23% to fruits, and only 7% to tubers. Hybrids were intermediate, allocating 9% of their biomass to roots plus nontuberized stolons, 39% to shoots, 14% to fruits, and 38% to tubers. Nitrogen use efficiencies for many of the species and crosses were comparable to that for Russet Burbank and greater than those for Red Norland and Russet Norkotah. Of the wild species tested,S. chacoense accessions had the highest biomass accumulation and N uptake efficiencies and may be the best source of germplasm for improving NUE in a potato breeding program. 相似文献
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sh4和qSH1基因是水稻的主效落粒基因,本研究旨在测定雷州杂草稻的sh4和qSH1的基因型,为雷州杂草稻的落粒机制研究提供分子基础。本研究从雷州10个杂草稻群体采集了100个单株及10份栽培稻种子,观测其颖壳颜色、果皮颜色和芒及落粒率,并对sh4和qSH1的功能SNP位点进行PCR扩增及序列分析。结果表明,57份杂草稻的sh4功能SNP位点为野生落粒型（G）,15份为杂合型G/T,28份为突变难落粒型（T）。其中,G型和G/T型的72份杂草稻的落粒率都极高（95%~100%）,而28份T型杂草稻中,19份为中度落粒（30%~75%）,5份杂草稻的落粒率很高（>95%）,4份杂草稻的落粒率小于30%。100份杂草稻和10份栽培稻的qSH1功能SNP位点均为G。结合落粒表型及基因型,推测sh4是调控雷州杂草稻落粒性的一个主要基因。 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜种质氮素营养效率的鉴定及评价指标筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为建立甘蓝型油菜种质氮素营养效率的鉴定及评价方法,筛选合理的次级评价指标和氮素营养高效基因型,在田间小区试验条件下设置低氮(45 kg/hm2)、中氮(180 kg/hm2)和高氮(270 kg/hm2) 3个施氮水平,测定了416份不同生态类型甘蓝型油菜种质植株性状及氮素吸收效率(NAE)、氮素利用效率(NUE)和氮收获指数(NHI)。各性状在不同氮素水平下对氮的敏感性不同,低氮下第一次有效分枝数的变异程度表现为最大,单株籽粒重次之;中氮和高氮处理水平下单株籽粒重的变异程度均表现为最大,低氮胁迫加大了种质间的差异。油菜种质氮素营养效率基因型间差异明显,表现中效类型的种质最多,高效和低效的较少。油菜种质间成熟期NAE的鉴定与评价应选择在低氮处理下,以单株籽粒重、单株地上干重和株高为间接指标进行选择效果明显;油菜种质间成熟期NUE的鉴定与评价应选择在高氮处理下,以单株地上干重、第一次有效分枝数、单株籽粒重和每角粒数为间接指标进行选择效果明显;油菜种质间成熟期NHI的鉴定与评价应选择在低氮处理下,以单株籽粒重、单株地上干重和茎基粗为间接指标进行选择效果明显。 相似文献
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以广西普通野生稻Y11为供体,籼型恢复系GH998为受体构建的166份野生稻渗入系BC3F5为研究对象,设置不施氮（LN）和正常施氮（NN）2种处理,调查株高、有效穗和穗长等12个表型性状,结合耐低氮（NDT）性状、氮素利用率（NUE）性状进行综合评价,以筛选出可利用的氮高效利用育种材料。结果表明：渗入系所有表型均值NN处理均高于LN处理,受施氮影响较大的性状为茎叶含氮量和谷物含氮量,增幅分别为56.89%和37.89%;影响较小的性状为穗长和千粒重,增幅分别为0.50%和2.76%;除穗长外,11个性状在2个施氮处理间呈极显著差异,而且穗总粒数、穗实粒数呈正态分布。渗入系NDT性状的相对生物产量（RBY）与相对生物含氮量（RBN）均值居于双亲之间,且RBN为正态分布;相对谷物产量（GRY）和相对谷物含氮量（RGN）均值高于双亲且趋近GH998,均为正态分布;说明渗入系的耐低氮能力与野生稻的高生物产量和高谷物含氮量特性相关。NUE性状均值处于双亲之间且趋近于GH998,说明氮素高效利用能力主要来源于栽培稻;NDT和NUE性状之间呈显著负相关,因此提高水稻耐低氮能力会降低氮高效利用率。NDT性状的主要影响因子是谷物含氮量和茎叶干重;NUE性状主要影响因子是有效穗、单株产量和谷物产量等。因此,依据研究结果对渗入系进行综合评价筛选,获得3个耐低氮、12个高氮素利用率和3个氮高效且耐低氮的株系,为水稻氮高效育种提供理论依据和育种材料。 相似文献
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【目的】探究在粳稻中敲除Os Nramp5基因对镉等金属元素积累、产量和品质的影响,为科学高效地生产优质健康粳米提供新材料和理论参考。【方法】利用CRISPR/Cas9技术,在优良食味高产粳稻品种南粳46背景下对OsNramp5进行基因敲除,结合标记辅助选择,获得了无外源基因的Os Nramp5敲除突变系,考查其产量和品质性状变化特征,以及在不同镉含量土壤中和锌肥、硒肥喷施后的籽粒镉、锰、硒等七种金属元素的含量变化。【结果】在T0代获得了5种OsNramp5不同变异类型的转基因植株,设计开发了其中3种突变型的特异分子标记,进而结合标记辅助选择,在各植株的T2代中获得不含潮霉素选择标记基因和CAS9蛋白基因的纯合敲除系。与野生型相比,无论在高浓度还是低浓度镉含量土壤中,敲除系整株包括籽粒中的镉含量和地上部组织中锰含量均显著低于南粳46;敲除系的株高略微下降,穗粒数显著降低并导致其单株产量明显下降,但在低分蘖肥处理中产量下降未达显著。敲除系稻米外观总体好于对照,蛋白质和直链淀粉含量明显高于对照,导致其食味值明显降低。敲除系籽粒中铜、锰和硒的含量显著低于对照,但在施用锌肥和硒肥后可以显著提高... 相似文献
18.
Nitrogen rates and plant genotypes effects yield and quality of medicinal plants therefore, this experiment was conducted in order to determine the effects of nitrogen rates on fennel accessions quality and quantity. The experimental design was a split plot with nitrogen rate (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 Kg N ha−1) as main and accession (Isfahan, Tehran, Yazd and EU11486) as sub plots and replicated four times. The experiment was conducted at the Isfahan University of Technology Experimental Station, Isfahan, Iran during 2008-2009. Plant height, number of umbel per plant, 1000seed weight, number of seeds per umbel, seed yield, seed essential oil yield, seed and foliage essential oil contents and seed ash, protein and fiber contents were measured. Nitrogen fertilization increased all measured traits, but reduced ash content. On average, the highest seed and foliage essential contents and seed essential yield were produced at 160 kg per N ha−1 and EU11486 was a superior cultivar for these traits. However, there was an interaction between N rate and accession on all traits. Isfahan (11.65 kg ha−1), EU11486 (38.26 kg ha−1), Tehran (15.32 kg ha−1) and Yazd (22.06 kg ha−1) produced the highest seed essential oil yield under application of 160, 80, 160 and 120 kg N ha−1, respectively. Foliage of the accessions contained 0.45-0.91% essential oil and seeds of accessions contained 17.6-18.2% protein and 8.9-9.4% ash suggesting that foliage of fennel also is a good source of essential oil and seeds of fennel are good sources of protein and minerals. The results showed that N fertilization and accession can affect yield and quality of fennel and accessions responded differently to N fertilization rates, thus selection among the accessions and N rates for better fennel production is possible. 相似文献
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从三交组合Ⅱ-32B//协青早B/Dular的F2群体中获得了1个脆性突变体,整个植株表现全生育期脆性。根据该突变体的表型,将其命名为Bc18(Brittle culm 18)。为了更好地鉴定该突变体,用正常茎秆强度品种中9B作轮回亲本与Bc18杂交,创制了Bc18脆秆近等基因系中脆B和中9B。表型鉴定显示,突变体Bc18在生育期、株高、单株穗数、每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重等主要农艺和产量性状上与野生型中9B 无显著差别,但茎、叶的机械强度分别下降了70.70%和47.16%。细胞壁组分分析表明,突变体Bc18茎、叶的纤维素和木质素含量与野生型中9B 无显著差异,但半纤维素含量分别提高了31.84%和17.35%。6个杂交组合F2和12个回交BC1F1群体的遗传分析证明Bc18 脆性突变由单显性基因控制。采用图位克隆技术,构建了Bc18/02428和Bc18/9311的F2定位群体,并利用网上公布的SSR标记和新设计的InDel标记,最终将Bc18基因定位在第1染色体长臂端InDel标记PBC22与PBC33之间约154 kb的区间内。 相似文献