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1.
Groundnut mutants TG-8, TG-9, TG-17 and TG-18 induced by -irradiation differed in fatty acid composition from their parent Spanish Improved. All the mutants had lower linoleic and higher oleic than Spanish Improved. TG-18 had lower oleic and higher linoleic as compared with TG-8, TG-9 and TG-17. Palmitic acid in TG-18 and Spanish Improved was higher than other mutants. Oil stability as judged by oleic to linoleic ratio was substantially higher for mutants as compared with their parent.Amino acid composition of groundnut mutant proteins differed from Spanish Improved. In general mutants had higher contents of lysine, histidine, proline, phenylalanine and tryptophan and lower contents of threonine, serine and methionine. The first limiting amino acid was tryptophan in Spanish Improved, threonine in TG-8, TG-9 and TG-17 and Valine in TG-18. Essential amino acid contents for all except methionine, valine and threonine per grain flour were higher in all the mutants as compared with their parent.  相似文献   

2.
Peanut genotypes belonging to Virginia Runner, Virginia Bunch and Spanish Bunch groups exhibiting spreading, semi-spreading and erect growth habits, respectively, were compared for oil content and fatty acid composition. Mean values of oil content of the three peanut groups did not differ much, however, a marked difference was observed in fatty acid composition. Oleic acid concentrations were in the order of Virginia Runner > Virginia Bunch Spanish Bunch. This trend was reverse with respect to linoleic acid concentration. Virginia Runner genotypes having higher oleic—linoleic acid (O/L) ratio and corresponding lower iodine value of oil have greater oil stability and would incur lower cost of hydrogenation. Oil of Spanish Bunch and Virginia Bunch genotypes is nutritionally better due to a higher concentration of linoleic acid and may be used as refined oil. Oleic acid concentration was negatively correlated with that of linoleic acid, suggesting that selection of genotypes in each group, with improved industrial or nutritional qualities would be possible.  相似文献   

3.
The fatty acid, carbohydrate and amino acid composition of dried pistachio kernels was determined. On a dry weight basis they contained about 55% oil. The unsaturated fatty acids oleic and linoleic constituted about 80% of this oil. Carbohydrate analysis of a hydrolysed sample showed the predominant sugar to be glucose followed by galactose and mannose with traces of fucose, arabinose and xylose. The total amino acid content was about 25% by weight. Nine essential amino acids were present with only cystine in a limiting amount and with a high level of lysine.  相似文献   

4.
Five plant-based weaning foods (WF) (Dietrend, Jot-M, Soy, Ang and Vic-T) locallyprepared in Jos, Nigeria were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography,reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and atomicemission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma to determine theirfatty acid (FA), amino acid, and trace mineral contents, respectively.Results of these direct analyses were compared to expected values derivedfrom food composition tables prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Additionally, results were compared against recommendednutrient values, using breast milk as the standard for FA content andrecommended dietary allowances (RDA) for amino acid and mineral contents.The overall nutritional value of the five WF varied considerably and thequantities of particular nutrients determined by direct analysis differedmarkedly from those estimated using USDA food tables. Comparison of WFfatty acid composition relative to the RDA recommendations and a humanmilk standard revealed a much higher proportion of both linoleic (35–55wt%) and -linolenic acids (1%–7 wt%) relative to human milklipids (11%–12% and 0.8%–0.9% wt, respectively); however, the WFwere devoid of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Soy containedthe highest amounts of linoleic acid (59.7 mg/g) and -linolenicacid (7.46 mg/g) compared to the other four WF (10.2–41.0 and 0.35–3.18 mg/g, respectively). The linoleic acid/-linolenic acid ratio was within the recommended range (5:1 to 10:1) in only Jot-M (10:1)and Soy (8:1). Dietrend, Vic-T and Ang, containedlinoleic/-linolenic ratios of 12:1, 29:1, and 82:1, respectively.The Soy weaning food would provide the most protein (24.3 g/day), basedon an estimated daily intake of 65 g of weaning food by a normalsix-month-old infant, compared to Jot-M (11.9 g/day), Dietrend (11.7g/day), Ang (8.07 g/day) and Vic-T (7.26 g/day). The protein RDA forchildren up to 1 year of age is 13–14 g/day. Comparison of the mineralcontents of the WF to the RDAs for various minerals indicated that all fivewould provide suboptimal amounts of calcium (16 to 250 mg/day) andzinc (1.42 to 3.56 mg/day) compared to respective RDAs of400 mg/day and 5 mg/day.These data show that the Soy weaning food is an excellent source of linoleicacid and -linolenic acid, as well as being a good source of highquality protein. Jot-M and Dietrend provide useful amounts of the essentialFA; however, it is advisable to reevaluate the composition of Ang andVic-T to find ways to improve the linoleic/-linolenic ratio of eachand increase their total protein content. These results document theshortcomings of using published food composition tables based on foods inAmerica when devising weaning foods based on ingredients in another partof the world.  相似文献   

5.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):226-237
Abstract

Growth, yield and quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in a rotational paddy field were compared with those in an upland field. In the rotational paddy field the growth was significantly suppressed and the seed and oil yields were significantly lower than those in the upland field. In the maturing period, oil accumulated in seeds until about 25 d after flowering (DAF) in both fields, but less in the rotational paddy field than in the upland field. Differences in oil contents (per seed) between the fields were seen from about 25 DAF onward. The fatty acid in seeds changed with maturing of plants. In mid-oleic hybrids, oleic acid increased remarkably until about 25 DAF and then decreased slightly; linoleic acid content decreased until about 14 DAF and then tended to increase. In linoleic acid hybrids, oleic acid increased until about 14 DAF and then decreased; the linoleic acid content tended to be low until about 14 DAF and then increased. Although the temporal patterns of fatty acid compositions during seed maturation were similar in both fields, the oleic acid content tended to be lower in the rotational paddy field even under the same climatic conditions and ripening periods. The differences between the fields were seen clearly from around 25 DAF. We discuss our findings with regard to physiological changes in developing seeds and the effects of high or changeable soil moisture content on sunflower growth and quality.  相似文献   

6.
大豆籽粒脂肪酸含量的遗传相关研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
利用亲缘较远,蛋白质、脂肪及脂肪酸含量差异较大的小金黄1号和黑林食豆配制杂交组合。脂肪酸含量的遗传相关分析结果表明:F_2代各种脂肪酸含量均呈连续性变异并有超亲现象。脂肪酸含量具中等或较高遗传力。油酸含量与亚油酸、亚麻酸含量呈极显著负相关,而与百粒重呈极显著正相关;亚麻酸含量与脂肪含量、百粒重呈显著负相关;大粒化选择可以提高油酸含量降低亚麻酸含量。油酸含量对亚麻酸含量的直接效应最大。  相似文献   

7.
花生籽仁不同发育时期不同部位主要营养成分变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
本研究以不同油酸花生品种为材料，对籽仁含油量、脂肪酸和蔗糖含量累积规律和基豆先豆间差异及籽 仁不同部位差异进行分析。结果表明，随着花生籽仁的发育，含油量增加且高油品种含油量积累速率高于低油品 种，蔗糖含量下降；不饱和脂肪酸逐渐增加，饱和脂肪酸和超长链饱和脂肪酸逐渐下降，亚麻酸逐渐降低到消失，其 中高油酸材料棕榈酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸的下降速率以及油酸的上升速率高于普通油酸材料。各材料脂肪酸在基豆 和先豆间无显著差异，而含油量基豆高于先豆。成熟籽仁胚中棕榈酸、亚油酸、花生烯酸、山嵛酸和二十四碳烷酸 含量显著高于子叶，含油量、硬脂酸和油酸含量低于子叶，在胚中约含有0.5%左右的亚麻酸，而子叶中未检测到亚 麻酸。本研究结果为选育品质优的油用型和食用型花生品种具有指导意义。  相似文献   

8.
油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸是花生油脂中最主要的3种脂肪酸,其含量是影响花生油脂品质的重要因素。提高油酸含量并降低亚油酸和棕榈酸含量是花生品质性状改良的重要方向之一。本研究利用292份中国花生种质资源材料及583个SSR标记基因型数据对四个环境下不同脂肪酸含量进行关联分析,分别检测到与油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸含量稳定关联标记14,14和9个,其中8个标记同时与上述3种脂肪酸含量稳定关联,分布在A02、A03、A08和A09染色体上。AHGS2050-226bp和AHGS3647-253bp是两个新关联标记的优异等位位点,在花生微微核心种质中证实,AHGS2050-226bp可提高油酸（9.99%～11.26%）并降低亚油酸（8.04%～9.31%）和棕榈酸含量（1.86%～1.97%）,AHGS3647-253bp可提高油酸（9.79%～10.44%）并降低亚油酸（8.09%～8.62%）和棕榈酸含量（1.81%～1.95%）。本研究鉴定的多环境稳定关联标记AHGS2050和AHGS3647具有辅助选择高油酸且低亚油酸和低棕榈酸品种的潜在应用价值。  相似文献   

9.
The potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to estimate the oil content, fatty acid composition, and protein content of Jatropha curcas seeds was studied. Seventy-four intact kernels from various sources were scanned by NIRS. All samples were analyzed for oil content (hexane extractions), fatty acid composition (gas chromatography), and protein content (Kjeldahl). Calibration equations were developed for oil content, individual fatty acids (oleic C18:1, linoleic C18:2, stearic C18:0 and palmitic C16:0), and protein content. The performance of the calibration equations was evaluated through external and cross-validation. The results showed that NIRS was a reliable, accurate and nondestructive technique to estimate oil and protein contents, as well as oleic and linoleic fatty acid concentrations in J. curcas kernels; NIRS provides a rapid, simple, and cost-effective alternative method for screening intact J. curcas kernels.  相似文献   

10.
The -galactosidase-based assay for lysine developed by Tuffnell & Payne was used to measure the bioavailabilities of cyst(e)ine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan in pronase digests of 17 foods. The digests were assayed by estimating the -galactosidase synthesis responses of fiveEscherichia coli mutants, each requiring one of the respective amino acids for protein synthesis. Deletion mutants were used whenever possible in order to ensure strain stability. Single digests of each food were assayed with 3 or 4 separate cultures of each mutant and the results were compared with those from the corresponding chemical assay. Omitting the anomalously low values for one food, the rank correlation coefficients of the bio- and chemo-assay values were 0.61 (cysteine), 0.91 (lysine), 0.95 (methionine), 0.64 (threonine) and 0.85 (tryptophan). Mean (± S.D.) relative amino acid bioavailabilities (casein = 100%) for the 17 foods were: cysteine, 53±23; lysine, 90±10; methionine, 95±18; threonine, 89±13; and tryptophan, 89±25. The cysteine mutant appeared to give unusually low bioavailability values except for the milk products. These amino acid mutants afford a rapid method for assaying the bioavailabilities of at least four of the five amino acids studied.  相似文献   

11.
Proximate and mineral composition, seed protein fractions, amino acid composition, fatty acid profiles and antinutritional factors were analysed for the seeds of the tribal pulse,Bauhinia malabarica. The seeds contained higher amount of crude lipid when compared with most of the domesticated pulses. The seeds were rich in minerals like Ca, Mg and Fe. Glutelins (45%) constituted the major seed protein fraction followed by globulins which accounted for about 34%. Cystine and methionine were found to be the limiting essential amino acids; whereas tyrosine and phenylalanine content were fairly high when compared with WHO requirement pattern. The unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid and linoleic acid, were predominant in seed lipids. Presence of antinutritional substances like total free phenols, tannins, L-DOPA and haemagglutinating activity also were analysed/assayed.  相似文献   

12.
Seeds of thirteen genotypes of cauliflower, four of turnip and seven of radish were analysed for oil content and fatty acid composition. Turnip and radish had higher oil content as compared to cauliflower. Oleic, linoleic + eicosenoic and erucic acids were the major fatty acids in the oils of these seeds. Levels of erucic acid were in the order of radish < turnip < cauliflower. Compared to cauliflower and turnip seeds, radish seeds contained higher amounts of palmitic, oleic, and linolenic + eicosenoic acids and lower amounts of linoleic and erucic acids.  相似文献   

13.
玉米子粒油分及不饱和脂肪酸含量的遗传效应   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
用10个油分及不饱和脂肪酸含量差异较大的优良自交系,按(5×5)配成不完全双列杂交组合,研究玉米子粒油分及不饱和脂肪酸性状的遗传效应。结果表明,油分主要受胚、胚乳、细胞质效应的影响;油酸、亚油酸主要受胚、胚乳、母体效应的控制,3个性状均以加性效应占主导地位。α-亚麻酸的胚效应最小,表现为加性效应且遗传率较高。4个性状胚乳、胚的遗传率均较高,且胚乳遗传率大于胚的遗传率。330、素湾1611、ZOL-1可用于提高油分;ZOL-3、ZOL-4、ZOL-5对提高油分和油酸有极显著效果;ZNL-1、330、1072、ZOL-1、ZOL-5可用于提高亚油酸;ZOL-4可作为提高α-亚麻酸的母本;ZOL-1可以同时提高油分、油酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸。相关分析表明,油分与油酸极显著正相关(rP=0.612**);油分与亚油酸(rP=-0.504**)、油分与α-亚麻酸极显著负相关(rP=-0.277**),所有成对性状均以胚乳加性相关最强、胚加性相关次之。  相似文献   

14.
The effects of germination, extraction (double extraction with 70% ethanol and water at isoelectric point) and -amylase treatments of chick pea seed flours on crude protein, total carbohydrate, protein efficiency ratio (PER), biological value (BV), true digestibility (TD), net protein utilization (NPU), essential amino acid composition, in-vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) and actual amino acid indices (essential amino acid index or amino acid score) were evaluated. Crude protein content was increased (8–149%), while total carbohydrate was decreased (11–62%) by germination, extraction and -amylase treatments. Alpha-amylase treatment was more efficient in reducing total carbohydrate and increasing the protein content than that of extraction treatment. The protein quality of chick pea flours as measured by PER, BV, TD, NPU, IVPD and corrected amino acid indices (actual amino acid indices×IVPD) was significantly improved by these treatments. The protein quality of germinated--amylase treatment was comparble with casein, while germinated--amylase treaded seeds appeared nutritionally superior to casein. The results indicate that the germinated--amylase and germinated--amylase-extracted treatments could be used successfully as a source of concentrated high quality protein for baby food production. The corrected amino acid indices gave better prediction of PER, BV, TD and NPU (r=93 to 97) than actual amino acid indices (r=45 to 71). PER was highly correlated with corrected amino acid score (r=0.93). The PER could be predicted from the following simple regression equation: PER=–1.827+0.0561×corrected amino acid score.  相似文献   

15.
F2-derived lines in F3 from matings between dissimilar parents were studied for inheritance of palmitic (three oat matings), oleic (three additional matings), and linoleic acid content (two matings). Inheritance patterns for palmitic and oleic acids were simple or polygenic, depending upon the mating. Linoleic acid content showed polygenic inheritance in all matings. There was no consistent dominance direction for palmitic acid content. Oleic acid showed interallelic interaction and dominance for low content in one mating and no dominance in two matings; linoleic acid showed no dominance. Heritability values indicate that selection for fatty acid composition of oat oil will require replicated tests in several environments, but progress from selection may be expected for palmitic, oleic, and linoleic fatty acids. Correlations among fatty acids revealed that it may be possible to increase both palmitic and linoleic acid and that increase of either will be accompanied by concomitant decreases in oleic and linolenic acids.Journal paper no. J-10388 from the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experimental Station, IA 50011, USA; Project 2447.  相似文献   

16.
大果油茶实生树茶籽油脂肪酸组成分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为了探讨大果油茶茶籽油脂肪酸组成问题,以实生油茶林丰产单株果实为材料,采用索氏提取法提取茶籽油,气相色谱法测定C12~C24脂肪酸含量。结果表明,茶籽油所含脂肪酸种类在实生单株间和年际间均存在差异;茶籽油脂肪酸以不饱和脂肪酸为主,平均相对比重占86.625%,其中又以油酸为主,其含量和相对比重分别平均为79.352%和80.253%;不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸的相对比重、油酸和亚油酸的含量和相对比重均分别呈极显著、显著或极显著和显著负相关;主要脂肪酸(油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸等)含量和相对比重均无显著的实生单株间和年际间差异。可见,大果油茶茶籽油的主要脂肪酸组成在不同实生单株间和年际间均稳定,且都以油酸为主;不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸、油酸和亚油酸可能存在转化关系。  相似文献   

17.
为了提高花生品质性状优势组合的选育效率,以5个花生材料为亲本,采用Griffing完全双列杂交配制20个组合,分析花生籽仁中粗脂肪含量、粗蛋白含量、蔗糖含量和脂肪酸组分等10个性状的配合力和遗传参数。配合力效应分析表明,豫花132（W191）的粗脂肪、硬脂酸、亚油酸、花生酸和山嵛酸含量等性状的一般配合力效应值最大,冀花甜1号（JT1）的蔗糖和粗蛋白含量的一般配合力效应值最大,而高油酸品种WT08-0937（DF15）的油酸和花生一烯酸含量的一般配合力效应值最大。遗传协方差Wr对阵列方差Vr的回归分析结果表明,粗脂肪、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生酸和山嵛酸这7个性状基本适合“加性-显性”遗传模型,它们的遗传主要是以加性效应为主,显性效应较小且表现部分显性。对所有子代的10个性状进行主成分分析,前2个主成分Dim1和Dim2的累计贡献率达88.6%,结果显示粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量和蔗糖含量呈负相关,粗脂肪含量与棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸和花生一烯酸含量相关性较弱。本研究为花生育种中的亲本选配和后代选择提供了一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

18.
花生品质性状的稳定性和基因型-环境互作研究，可为花生品质育种及不同生态区域花生品种的选择提供参考依据。本研究利用GGE-biplot工具，对我国黄淮海花生主产区16个花生品种两年间的品质性状进行了综合分析，包括含油量、油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和蛋白质含量等。结果显示，5个品质性状均有较高的GGE总变异值（主成分因素PC1和PC2变异的总和），变幅在61.5%-79.9%之间，以含油量的GGE变异值最低，为61.5%，油酸含量的GGE变异值最高，为79.9%。16个花生品种2年间部分品质性状表现较为一致，其中濮花9519的含油量表型值波动最小，山花9号的亚油酸含量表型值波动最小，开农49是油酸含量表型值最为稳定的品种，天府23号是棕榈酸含量和蛋白质含量表型值最为稳定的品种。初步明确了徐州和濮阳分别适合高油花生和高油酸花生种植，确定了不同生态类型试点下较适合种植的品种，为花生品种推广应用提供了参考。  相似文献   

19.
本研究以较高含油量芝麻品种“中芝13”（56.31%）和低含油量芝麻材料ZZM2748（48.75%）为亲本构建包含548个株系的RIL群体,采用近红外法对群体在2个不同环境下的含油量、油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量进行分析,发现群体含油量及脂肪酸含量存在较大变异,其中含油量变化在42.43%~58.38%,其与油酸和亚油酸含量无显著相关关系,但与棕榈酸显著负相关;应用软件WinQTLCart2.5和ICIMapping3.0基于构建的遗传连锁图共定位到50个相关QTL,分布在芝麻11个连锁群上,贡献率变化在1.59%~40.62%。其中,有21个QTL被两个软件同时检测到,有7个QTL在2个环境下被重复检测到。位于连锁群LG10上的qSOC_10.3和位于连锁群LG11上的qSOC_11.1遗传贡献率较大,分别为34.38%和40.62%,为控制芝麻含油量的主效QTL,其中qSOC_11.1与定位到的油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸位点重合,表现一因多效特征。通过基因组注释和差异表达分析,在两个主效位点发掘出24个候选基因。研究发现的芝麻含油量及不同脂肪酸含量遗传变异特征和获得的QTL及候选基因对相关性状的遗传改良具有指导意义和应用价值。  相似文献   

20.
叶籽两用茶树种质的研发利用对于茶产业结构调整、茶园综合效益提升具有特殊意义,因此深入研究现有茶树种质与茶籽相关性状特征,可为叶籽两用茶树的遗传育种提供基础信息.从福建、云南和湖南采集了31份同年结实茶籽,对种仁的含油率和脂肪酸组成特征进行测定.结果表明,不同茶树茶籽含油率存在2倍以上的差异;从茶籽油脂中检测到10种脂肪...  相似文献   

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