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1.
本研究以河北地区870头中国荷斯坦牛为试验材料,采用PCR-RFLP法对DGAT1基因K232A位点进行了遗传多态性分析,并利用混合动物模型分析了DGAT1基因K232A位点突变对乳脂率、乳脂量、乳蛋白率、乳蛋白量、305d产奶量5个泌乳性状的影响。结果共检测到KK、KA和AA 3种基因型,基因频率分别为0.0402、0.9276和0.0321;等位基因K和A的频率分别为0.5040和0.4960;该碱基突变对乳脂率的影响达到极显著水平(P<0.01),对30d产奶量的影响达到显著水平(P<0.05),对乳脂量、乳蛋白率和乳蛋白量的影响不显著(P>0.05);多重比较结果表明,KK基因型的乳脂率极显著高于KA和AA基因型(P<0.01);KA和AA基因型的305d产奶量显著高于KK基因型(P<0.05);AA和KA基因型的泌乳性状无显著差异(P>0.05)。结果显示,DGAT1基因突变对河北荷斯坦奶牛泌乳性状有较大的遗传效应,可用于泌乳性状的分子标记辅助选择。 相似文献
2.
甘油二酯酰基转移酶（diacylglycerol acyl-transferase 1,DGAT1）是控制甘油三脂合成的关键酶。近年来DGAT1基因被鉴定出来,被认为是奶牛乳脂率的一个重要功能候选基因。该研究以贵州荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,利用奶牛DGAT1基因序列设计引物,以RCR-单链构象多态性（PCR-SSCP）方法检测了奶牛DGAT1基因第8外显子的碱基突变。结果共检测到AA、AB和BB 3种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.5588、0.3824和0.0588,等位基因A和B的频率分别为0.7549和0.2451;该碱基突变对305 d校正产奶量和乳脂率的影响均达到显著水平（P<0.05）,乳蛋白率影响不显著（P>0.05）;多重比较结果表明,AA和AB型对305 d校正产奶量和乳脂率均显著高于BB型（P<0.05）。结果显示,DGAT1基因突变对贵州荷斯坦奶牛泌乳性状有较大的遗传效应,可用于其泌乳性状的分子标记辅助选择。 相似文献
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选取牛雄性性别决定基因SRY (sex region of Y chromosome),根据基因序列设计特异引物,应用PCR技术对5头荷斯坦奶牛DNA样品进行扩增,鉴定其性别;并对设计的引物灵敏度进行检测;对已有的公、母各20头荷斯坦奶牛DNA样品进行PCR盲检,获取奶牛高灵敏度特异性引物,用于奶牛性别鉴定。结果表明,4头公牛DNA样品可以扩增出目标条带(66 bp),1头母牛DNA样品无法扩增出条带,阴性对照扩增无条带;最佳引物灵敏度为1.6 pg/μL,可以很好地满足性别鉴定需要。40头个体中,20头个体DNA样品可以扩增出条带,其余20头个体DNA样品无法扩增出条带,检测结果与实际性别对比准确率为100%。试验结果表明,设计的引物灵敏度比较好,能够满足奶牛性别鉴定的需要。 相似文献
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本研究采用PCR方法扩增牛过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors,PPAR-α)基因的内含子3,获得589 bp的片段,利用DNA测序技术发现1个新SNP位点,即44087(G/A);同时利用PCR-RFLP技术对这该SNP位点进行基因型分型,分别分析了771头中国荷斯坦牛、136头鲁西黄牛和37头渤海黑牛PPAR-α基因该位点的多态性。结果表明,在这3个群体中PPAR-α基因44087(G/A)位点普遍表现为GG基因型频率最高,优势等位基因为G;χ2适合性检验结果表明,该位点在中国荷斯坦牛和鲁西黄牛群体中都未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P＜0.05),在这个基因座位上均有丰富的多态信息含量。对中国荷斯坦奶牛44087(G/A)位点不同基因型与SCS、产奶性能及耐热性能进行最小二乘均值显著性检验结果表明,在PPAR-α基因该位点GA基因型是优良基因型,其个体的SCS值显著低于GG基因型(P<0.05),并且GA基因型乳蛋白率显著高于GG基因型(P<0.05),在炎热环境中产奶下降率显著低于GG基因型(P<0.05)。由此分析GA基因型可能有利于提高中国荷斯坦奶牛的产奶性能。在人工选择的过程中,选择GA基因型的个体,可以降低热应激给奶牛带来的危害,同时又能够提高牛奶品质和产量。 相似文献
6.
荷斯坦奶牛乳蛋白基因多态性与泌乳性能的关联分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究旨在分析乳蛋白基因多态性与我国奶牛泌乳性能的关联。采用焦磷酸测序法分析金华地区135头荷斯坦奶牛的β-κ-casein复合基因的多态性,并通过数学模型分析β-κ-casein基因多态性与奶牛泌乳性能的关联。结果表明:β-casein和κ-casein各有3个等位基因,共有8种β-κ-casein复合基因型。其中A1A1 BE与产奶量显著相关,A1B AB与乳蛋白相关,A1B BE与乳脂肪含量相关。上述结果表明,β-κ-casein基因与泌乳性能相关,可作为改良奶牛乳品质的分子遗传标记。 相似文献
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根据中国黑白花奶牛的ZFX、ZFY基因序列设计引物ZFY1、ZFX2、ZFY3，对中国麦洼牦牛、美国荷斯坦奶牛ZFX、ZFY基因片段进行PCR体外扩增和性别鉴定。结果显示：ZFY1、ZFX2引物对ZFX、ZFY都能扩增出一条652bp片段；ZFY基因特异性引物ZFX2、ZFY3只能对雄性扩增出一条359bp的片段；特异性引物ZFX2、ZFY3能对中国麦洼牦牛、美国荷斯坦奶牛进行性别鉴定。 相似文献
8.
提高奶牛的繁殖水平,需要摸索和掌握奶牛的繁殖特性,为此,我们整理计算了巴里坤县部分养牛户荷斯坦奶牛在冻精配种条件下有关繁殖方面的部分指标及相关性,观察了荷斯坦奶牛的一些繁殖特点,这里作些简单的分析讨论。1资料整理结果表5产犊各期长度与同胎产奶生产各指标的表型相关系数(24头同胎次母牛)表型相关系数r=由表4、5可看出:空怀期的长度与泌乳期和干乳期的长度相关较大,延迟受胎会延长泌乳和干乳的绝对指标,而且使干乳期延长的程度更大。延长空怀期似乎可以提高305天奶产量和全泌乳期奶产量,但这样就会造成每个饲养日的产奶量下降,减… 相似文献
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选用400头中国荷斯坦奶牛取血样400份,每份各2管。根据奶牛CRP基因序列设计2对引物,利用PCR-SSCP技术检测CRP基因的多态性,并用透射免疫比浊法测定奶牛血清CRP水平,然后运用SPSS等统计学软件对其与乳房炎及乳质、乳量的关系进行统计分析。结果显示,在第1对引物的扩增片段中检测到多态位点,出现3种基因型(AA、AB、BB),第2对引物的扩增片段中并未检测到多态位点。将第1对引物所扩片段的不同基因型与奶牛乳腺炎的相关性作关联分析,结果3种不同基因型奶牛的体细胞数、乳质率、蛋白率、305d产奶量均无显著差异,但患乳房炎奶牛个体全为AA型。而CRP含量检测结果可知患乳房炎的奶牛与正常个体之间的血清CRP含量并无显著差异。 相似文献
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利用PCR-RFLP技术对中国荷斯坦奶牛、三河牛和中国西门塔尔牛3个奶牛品种207头个体的TLR2基因进行多态性分析。结果表明:3个奶牛群体的扩增片段为448bp,PCR产物经限制性内切酶EcoRⅤ酶切后均表现出中度多态,其中中国西门塔尔牛PIC为最高,且3个奶牛品种在该基因座位均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05)。最小二乘值表明:该酶切多态位点对3个奶牛品种SCS的影响达到了显著水平(P<0.05),且BB基因型个体的SCS显著低于AA和AB基因型个体(P<0.05),说明BB基因型为抗乳房炎的有利基因型。 相似文献
11.
This study was aimed to detect the single nucleotide polymorphisms of diacylgycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) K232A, and determine the DGAT1 genotype and milk traits of dairy cow, which would provide a new technique for marker-assisted selection in China Holstein dairy cows. In the present study, six Northern China Holstein dairy cows (three were lactating cows with high quatity milk and three were lactating cows with low quatity milk) were used to detect mammary tissue DGAT1 gene K232A polymorphisms. Genome DNA was extracted from each cow, a pair of external primers and a pair of internal primers were designed to amplify DGAT1 gene. The results showed that PCR-amplified fragments were 512 bp (external band), 369 bp (232K allele) and 181 bp (232A allele), respectively. The exterenal band functions as the internal PCR-positive control. The tetra-primer ARMS-PCR amplifications yielded a 512 bp fragment and a 181 bp fragment, indicating that the six dairy cows were all homozygous 232A. The results indicated that the tetra-primers ARMS-PCR was a quick and convenient method to identify dairy cow DGAT1 gene K232A polymorphisms, which was suitable for marker-assisted selection in China Holstein dairy cows. 相似文献
12.
Cardoso SR Queiroz LB Goulart VA Mourão GB Benedetti E Goulart LR 《Research in veterinary science》2011,91(3):e107-e112
Candidate genes have been associated with milk production in bovines, such as the diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and leptin (LEP); however, they have not been simultaneously investigated nor have been evaluated in the Brazilian Girolando breed (Gir × Holstein, backcrossed to Holstein). Our aim was to determine the influence of fat-related genes, DGAT1 and LEP, and their polymorphisms on performance traits of milk production in the Girolando breed. Results indicated that the K allele of the DGAT1 gene showed a significant association with total and average daily milk production with additive effect. The LEP gene showed that the A allele and its homozygote are highly prevalent and almost fixed in this population and may have been favorably selected during backcrossing for the origin of this breed. The important impact of the K allele of the DGAT1 gene on milk production corroborates the initiative of performing marker-assisted selections with this gene in breeding programs of the Girolando breed. 相似文献
13.
《Research in veterinary science》2012,92(3):e107-e112
Candidate genes have been associated with milk production in bovines, such as the diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and leptin (LEP); however, they have not been simultaneously investigated nor have been evaluated in the Brazilian Girolando breed (Gir × Holstein, backcrossed to Holstein). Our aim was to determine the influence of fat-related genes, DGAT1 and LEP, and their polymorphisms on performance traits of milk production in the Girolando breed. Results indicated that the K allele of the DGAT1 gene showed a significant association with total and average daily milk production with additive effect. The LEP gene showed that the A allele and its homozygote are highly prevalent and almost fixed in this population and may have been favorably selected during backcrossing for the origin of this breed. The important impact of the K allele of the DGAT1 gene on milk production corroborates the initiative of performing marker-assisted selections with this gene in breeding programs of the Girolando breed. 相似文献
14.
乙酰辅酯A∶二酰甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT1)是甘油三脂合成过程中唯一的关键酶,对动物机体脂肪代谢、沉积起重要作用,已成为研究奶牛泌乳性状和肉牛主要经济性状的重要候选基因之一。近年来,随着相关研究的不断深入,研究者普遍认为DGAT1基因对奶牛的产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率、乳脂肪酸及空怀天数、输精次数、初配年龄等繁殖性状均有显著影响,且与肉牛体脂也存在相关性。作者主要介绍了DGAT1基因的遗传多态性及其与经济性状关联分析在中国各地区不同品种奶牛、肉牛、水牛和牦牛上的研究进展,指出该基因对奶牛的产奶性能及肉牛的肉质性状、生长性状具有重要的调控作用。但由于环境条件、品种及选育背景等因素影响,DGAT1基因遗传多态性对不同地区不同牛群体的经济性状影响不尽相同。因此,要将DGAT1基因实际应用在品种选育工作中还需明确该基因对研究群体的具体遗传效应,并结合其他候选基因进行综合分析。 相似文献
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Thaller G Krämer W Winter A Kaupe B Erhardt G Fries R 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(8):1911-1918
Various QTL mapping experiments led to the detection of a QTL in the centromeric region of cattle chromosome 14 that had a major effect on the fat content of milk. Recently, the gene encoding diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT1) was proposed to be a positional and functional candidate for this trait. This study investigated the effects of a nonconservative lysine to alanine (K232A) substitution in DGAT1, which very likely represents the causal mutation, on milk production traits. Existing granddaughter designs for Fleckvieh and German Holstein, the two major dairy/dual-purpose breeds in Germany, were used to estimate allele frequencies and gene substitution effects for milk, fat, and protein yield, as well as fat and protein content. A restriction fragment length polymorphism assay was applied to diagnose the K232A substitution in DGAT1. Estimates of the allele frequencies for the lysine-encoding variant were based on maternally inherited alleles in sons and amounted to 0.072 for Fleckvieh and 0.548 for German Holstein. Effects of DGAT1 variants on content traits were pronounced; estimates of the gene substitution effect for the lysine-encoding variant were 0.35 and 0.28% for fat content and 0.10 and 0.06% for protein content in Fleckvieh and German Holstein, respectively. Conversely, negative effects of the lysine variant of -242 to -180 kg for Fleckvieh and -260 to -320 kg for German Holstein were revealed for milk yield from first to third lactation, resulting in enhanced fat yield of 7.5 to 14.8 kg in Fleckvieh and 7.6 to 10.7 kg in German Holstein. For protein yield, however, mainly negative effects of -3.6 to 0.2 kg in Fleckvieh and -4.8 to -5.2 kg in German Holstein were observed. Pearson correlations between residuals of milk yield and content traits were decreased when omitting DGAT1 effects in the analysis, thereby indicating that DGAT1 contributes to negative correlations between these traits. Molecular tests allow for the direct selection among variants; however, the benefits of the alternative alleles depend on economic weights given to the different milk production traits in the breeding goal. 相似文献
16.
中国荷斯坦牛DGAT1基因与产奶性状关联分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以北京地区来自17个公牛家系的1222头中国荷斯坦母牛为试验材料,采用PCR—RFLP技术对DGAT1基因进行了遗传多态性分析,共检测到KK、KA和AA3种基因型,频率分别为0．1432、0．6097和0．2471;采用混合动物模型对数据进行拟合,通过SAS（8．02）软件对5个产奶性状与DGAT1基因的关联程度进行了统计分析。结果表明,DGAT1不同基因型间的305d产奶量、乳脂量、乳蛋白量差异极显著（P〈0．01）;多重比较结果显示：AA基因型的305d产奶量和乳蛋白量显著高于KK基因型（P〈0．01）,其乳脂量显著低于KK基因型（P〈0．01）。结果提示DGAT1基因对奶牛产奶性状具有较大遗传效应,可以用于中国荷斯坦牛产奶性状的分子标记辅助选择。 相似文献
17.
The objective of this study was to analyze and investigate the genotype frequency and the association between Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol
acyltransferase1 gene, DGAT1 gene, and milk yield (MY), milk composition, protein yield (PY), fat yield (FY), solid not fat
yield (SNF), total solid (TS), the content of fat, protein, solid not fat, and total solid, (%Fat,%Prot,%SNF,%TS) in two herds
of crossbred Holstein dairy cattle in Thailand. Two hundred and twenty-seven crossbred Holstein cows were used and their blood
samples were taken for the study. PCR–RFLP was used to identify the allele and genotype of DGAT1 gene. A general linear model
and the least square method were used to estimate the least square mean and additive, and the dominant effect of the gene
on the traits and the least significant differences were used to compare the mean of each trait between genotypes. Two alleles
(K, A) and three genotypes (AA, KA, KK) were detected, the highest allele and genotype frequencies were A and AA, respectively.
The least mean squares of each genotype were compared and significant differences between genotype were detected. Genotype
KK has the greatest effect on all milk composition content traits, while genotype AA has the greatest effect on yield traits.
Highly significant additive gene effect was detected. From the results, it can be concluded that the DGAT1 gene can be used
as a gene marker for assisted selection in milk composition traits. 相似文献
18.
Recent publications indicate genetic variation in milk production traits on proximal BTA14, which cannot be explained solely with genetic variation in the DGAT1 gene. To elucidate these QTL effects, animals from a German Holstein granddaughter design (18 families, 1,291 sons) were genotyped for CYP11B1 (V30A) and DGAT1 (K232A) polymorphisms. Frequencies of alleles of maternal descent were estimated for CYP11B1(V) (0.776) and DGAT1(K) (0.549). Allele substitution effects (alpha/2) were first calculated for both alleles in separate models and then in a joint model. From the joint analysis, CYP11B1(V) effects on fat content (+0.04%) and protein content (+0.01%) were positive. Effects on milk yield (-82 kg), fat yield (-0.5 kg), and protein yield (-1.9 kg) were negative. Compared with the individual analysis, DGAT1(K) effects on fat content (+0.28%), protein content (+0.06%), and milk yield (-258 kg) were reduced; fat yield (+10.8 kg) was enhanced; and protein yield (-3.8 kg) was reduced. In the joint analysis, allele substitution effects of CYP11B1(V) and DGAT1(K) together explained more of the variation in milk production traits than DGAT1(K) alone. Further significant effects were found for CYP11B1(V) and DGAT1(K) among 6 reproduction traits and 14 conformational traits. These observations indicate a possible negative influence of DGAT1(K) on maternal nonreturn rate, and thus, on length of productive life. 相似文献
19.
中国荷斯坦奶牛RPL23A、ACACB基因3个SNPs检测及其与产奶性状的关联分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
旨在开展奶牛群体高乳成分功能基因的验证与筛选,利用微流控芯片自主选育技术分析北京地区母牛群体高乳蛋白、高乳脂基因频率,同时分析基因多态性及其与产奶性状的相关性。本研究对北京地区8个大型奶牛场1 596头中国荷斯坦奶牛RPL23A、ACACB基因的多态性进行了检测,所有个体均为3胎以内的泌乳牛,收集每头牛所有测定日的产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率等数据,同时对3个多态位点不同基因型与产奶性状进行了关联分析。RPL23A基因的SNP位点g.20146771G>A,在第一泌乳期,与产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白量均达到极显著关联（P<0.01）,第二泌乳期,g.20146771G>A与5个产奶性状均呈极显著关联（P<0.01）。ACACB基因的SNP位点g.63962768C>T,在第一泌乳期,与产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白量均呈极显著关联（P<0.01）,在第二泌乳期,与产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率呈极显著关联（P<0.01）。结果表明,RPL23A、ACACB基因可以作为影响中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性状的候选基因用于标记辅助选择,以上基因位点可能通过直接或间接的途径影响奶牛的乳脂或乳蛋白性状,对产奶性状起到重要调控作用。本研究为荷斯坦奶牛后续的标记辅助选择奠定了良好基础。 相似文献