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1.
氨气是鸡舍内危害最大的气体,长期氨气应激不利于肉鸡的健康生长。加强对肉鸡舍氨气浓度的监测,研究氨气对肉鸡健康的影响以及减排措施对指导鸡舍氨气浓度的合理调控和健康养殖的发展具有重要意义。本文主要通过综述舍内氨气的来源,氨气对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质、免疫功能、呼吸道、繁殖性能、福利等方面的影响以及舍内氨气的监测和减排措施,为深入研究氨气对肉鸡健康影响的作用机制以及合理调控肉鸡舍内氨气浓度提供参考。 相似文献
2.
环境控制是肉鸡养殖技术中最为关键的环节,高浓度的有害气体会影响肉鸡的健康生长。虽然二氧化碳本身并没有毒性,但是长期生长在高浓度二氧化碳的鸡舍内可能会降低肉鸡的生长性能,危害肉鸡健康。加强研究舍内二氧化碳对畜禽健康的危害,并探索改善畜禽舍内空气质量的有效措施,对于畜禽健康生长和环境友好具有重要意义。本文主要通过综述舍内二氧化碳的危害和降低二氧化碳浓度的措施,为深入研究二氧化碳对肉鸡健康的影响以及合理调控舍内二氧化碳浓度提供理论依据。 相似文献
3.
随着畜禽规模化养殖生产的发展,环境对畜禽健康的影响愈发突出。高密度、集约化饲养导致舍内微生物、粉尘、有害气体等浓度升高,空气质量不断下降。长期生长在低质量空气环境中,导致肉鸡气管炎、肉鸡呼吸道综合征等呼吸道疾病多发,间接降低机体的生长性能和免疫功能。加强研究舍内空气污染物对畜禽健康的危害,并探索改善畜禽舍空气质量的有效措施,对我国畜牧业的健康发展具有重要意义。本文主要通过综述舍内微生物、粉尘、氨气等污染物及其危害和应对措施,为深入研究空气污染物对肉鸡健康影响的作用机制以及合理调控舍内空气质量提供理论依据。 相似文献
4.
通过对某规模化肉鸡场5个鸡舍环境因素的监测与分析,结果表明:肉鸡饲养过程中,舍内温度、湿度与呼吸道病的发生密切相关。因此肉鸡舍内环境控制不能刻板的只依靠全自动温湿调控仪,还应依据疫病预警、养殖季节、鸡群表现等加以适时调整。 相似文献
5.
随着畜禽规模化养殖生产的发展,环境对畜禽健康的影响愈发突出。高密度、集约化饲养导致舍内微生物、粉尘、有害气体等浓度升高,空气质量不断下降。长期生长在低质量空气环境中,导致肉鸡气管炎、肉鸡呼吸道综合征等呼吸道疾病多发,间接降低机体的生长性能和免疫功能。加强研究舍内空气污染物对畜禽健康的危害,并探索改善畜禽舍空气质量的有效措施,对我国畜牧业的健康发展具有重要意义。本文主要通过综述舍内微生物、粉尘、氨气等污染物及其危害和应对措施,为深入研究空气污染物对肉鸡健康影响的作用机制以及合理调控舍内空气质量提供理论依据。 相似文献
6.
试验旨在对商品肉鸡层叠式立体养殖模式的环境参数进行监控,分析不同季节笼养肉鸡环境参数的差异,为科学养殖提供数据支撑。选择规模化肉鸡养殖场的同一栋鸡舍,在秋季和冬季饲养周期中,采用分次多点测量法,连续监测3~6周龄肉鸡舍内温度、湿度和空气质量,测定点均匀分布在舍内4个位置,比较秋季和冬季舍内环境参数的变化。结果显示,在肉鸡生长后期,冬季舍内环境温度略高于秋季,差异不显著（P＞0.05）;秋季舍内湿度显著高于冬季（P＜0.05）,两个季节的温湿度均可满足不同日龄肉鸡生长需求。有害气体和微生物检测结果显示,冬季舍内氨气浓度略高于秋季,差异不显著（P＞0.05）;冬季舍内二氧化碳浓度显著高于秋季（P＜0.05）;同时冬季舍内空气微生物总菌数显著高于秋季（P＜0.05）。层叠式立体笼养肉鸡舍内温度在不同季节可保持恒定;在冬季饲养期,舍内湿度降低,二氧化碳浓度升高,空气微生物总菌数升高。因此,冬季饲养肉鸡在做好保温的同时应适当增加通风换气。 相似文献
7.
饲养环境是影响肉鸡健康与生产性能发挥的重要因素,在笼养模式中,环境问题就更为重要。通过对笼养肉鸡舍内环境因素的分析,提出相应的调控措施,为养殖生产提供依据。 相似文献
8.
饲养环境是影响肉鸡健康与生产性能发挥的重要因素,在笼养模式中,环境问题就更为重要。通过分笼养肉鸡舍内环境因素的分析,提出相应的调控措施,为养殖生产提供依据。 相似文献
9.
在规模化养殖条件下，环境因素产生的应激会影响肉鸡福利进而影响生产性能和产品质量。不适宜的环境因素会成为肉鸡生产中的环境应激源，主要包括环境温度和湿度，这些环境应激源会直接或间接对肉鸡的健康和福利产生影响，导致肉鸡常处于正常–应激–恢复正常的动态变化状态。本文总结了环境温度和湿度应激因子对肉鸡机体生理指标、健康状况与福利、生长性能及行为特征等的影响，为减少肉鸡环境应激和提高养殖福利提供依据。 相似文献
10.
规模化集约化养殖模式下,畜禽废弃物呈现量大、集中的特点,其分解产生的氨气被认为是肉鸡舍内危害最大的一种气体,其危害人畜健康,诱发各种疾病,导致生产性能下降,影响肉鸡养殖业的健康可持续发展。文章就舍内氨气的来源及其对肉鸡生产的影响进行综述,明确氨气对肉鸡行为与福利、生产性能、健康状况等的危害,以期为肉鸡养殖的产业化生产提供参考。 相似文献
11.
With the development of intensive broiler raising, the influence of environmental factors on broiler health are increasingly prominent. Relative humidity is one of the most important indicators of broiler house environment.But in the production process of broiler farming,it is often neglected on the management of humidity in house. Neither low humidity nor high humidity is conducive to the healthy growth of broilers. It is of great significance to strengthen the monitoring of the humidity in broiler houses and study the effects of relative humidity on the health of broiler for guiding the rational control of the humidity in broiler houses and the development of healthy breeding. In this paper, we summarized and analyzed the effects of relative humidity on thermal regulating,growth performance, reproductive performance, blood parameters, meat quality and respiratory tract of broilers, and the monitor and control measures of humidity in the poultry house, aimed to provide a reference for further research on the mechanism of relative humidity affects broiler health and rational regulation of humidity in broiler house. 相似文献
12.
为研究夏季大型立体笼养肉鸡舍养殖环境参数变化规律,确立大型肉鸡舍的最佳环境管理模式,选取山西省晋中地区单栋饲养量为41 280只的密闭式肉鸡舍一栋,进行温度、湿度、CO2浓度、O2含量、风速等环境参数的分点多次检测与统计分析。结果显示:不同笼列位置,温度前端和末端与其它位置差异显著(P<0.05),位置L2、L21和L40差异不显著,温差在0.8℃左右;各位置湿度差异不显著(P>0.05),CO2浓度前端、L2和末端与L21、L40差异显著(P<0.05),O2含量末端与其它位置差异显著(P<0.05),风速差异显著(P<0.05)。不同笼层,温度、湿度和O2含量差异不显著(P>0.05);CO2浓度上层和下层差异显著(P<0.05),随着笼层增高浓度逐渐降低;风速上层显著高于中层和下层(P<0.05),随着笼层增高呈递增趋势。研究表明:炎热夏季该模式鸡舍内随着风速加大(减少),可以增加(降低)舍温和舍内氧气含量,降低(升高)CO2浓度和相对湿度,舍内环境参数适宜肉鸡生长。 相似文献
13.
A questionnaire-based, retrospective field study was conducted in 78 Danish broiler houses (analytical units) on 42 farms. In spring 1997, all these broiler houses had been infected with Salmonella Enteritidis, phage type 8, and/or Salmonella Typhimurium, definitive-type 66, by day-old chicks delivered from the same hatchery. Because these two salmonella types had not been detected in the Danish broiler sector before and the broiler houses were infected in a period of low salmonella prevalence, the study could focus on farm-related factors, without being distorted by other salmonella infections. The same person visited all 78 broiler houses, and farm-related factors were listed both from personal observations and by interrogating the person in charge of attending to the broilers. Additional factors (noted at the visits) were recorded in a later telephone interview. Altogether, 187 variables were analyzed. Broiler houses were divided into single-infection houses (which had one or both of the salmonella types in only one crop), and multiple-infection houses (where infection occurred in multiple crops). This was done both generally and separately for each of the salmonella types. Factors associated with house status—but that were beyond the control of the farmer—were the salmonella type and the percentage of salmonella positive samples in the first crop. Factors which could be controlled by the farmer and which were associated with reduced prevalence of multiple-infection houses included antiseptic soap and water for washing hands in the anteroom, hygiene barriers when removing dead broilers, gravel alongside the broiler house, systematic checks of indoor rodent-bait depots, and combined surface and pulse-fogging disinfection. 相似文献
14.
环境对于家畜养殖非常重要,奶山羊对环境湿度较为敏感,羊舍湿度过高、过低,均不利于奶山羊的生长发育,会危害奶山羊的健康,导致奶山羊生产性能下降,对疾病的抵抗力降低.因此,加强对羊舍环境湿度的监测和调控,能够更好地发挥奶山羊的生产性能,提高养殖经济效益.本文综述了湿度对奶山羊健康和生产性能的影响以及除湿措施,为羊舍防潮除湿... 相似文献
15.
Details are given of the environmental temperature and humidity conditions which occurred in 15 commercial houses containing broilers weighing between 1.4 and 1.8 kg. The relative humidity of these houses was related to climatic relative humidity. House relative humidity levels which were reduced by increased standards of thermal insulation, by background heating and by correct floor construction, did not fluctuate as widely when temperature and ventilation were controlled by thermostatically operated extraction fans as when the fans were manually controlled. The condition of the litter was correlated with house relative humidity; mean weekly relative humidity levels higher than 72 per cent saturated were associated with caking of the litter surface. During winter, house temperatures higher than 15° C. were achieved when the outside temperature fell to 0°C. or below only where the ventilation was automatically controlled and where the insulation contained an infill of at least 2.5 cm. thickness of mineral wool. In more poorly insulated buildings, similar temperatures were rarely achieved, even when background heating was provided throughout rearing. Studies of temperature gradients at floor level in broiler houses showed that these were partly due to large and non‐baffled air inlets whose air throughputs were affected by variations in wind speed and direction. Data of house temperatures in relation to windspeed suggest that air velocities through baffled inlets should be at least 150 m./min. at the point of greatest restriction to air flow. However, if air inlet velocities of this magnitude are used, careful design is necessary in order to prevent draughts at bird level. Observations are also presented on the incidence, causes and effects of structural condensation in broiler houses. 相似文献
16.
试验选取50只雏肉鸡饲养至14日龄,随机分为5组,每组10只, 14～42日龄期间试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组每日分别混饮0.1、1.0、10 U/mL剂量ChIFN-α（鸡干扰素-α）,Ⅰ组设为空白组,混饮自来水。Ⅴ组设为阳性对照,混饮50 mg/L盐酸左旋咪唑,研究混饮ChIFN-α后对肉鸡免疫功能及生产性能的影响。结果显示,混饮ChIFN-α后可提高肉鸡外周血白细胞总数、淋巴细胞百分比和嗜碱性粒细胞百分比,降低嗜中性粒细胞百分比和单核细胞百分比;提高肉鸡脾脏指数及血清总蛋白(TP)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、血清球蛋白(GLO)的浓度及ALB/GLO比值;不影响肉鸡的生长发育。因此,混饮低剂量的ChIFN-α可提高肉鸡的免疫功能,对健康肉鸡的生长无显著的影响。 相似文献
17.
试验旨在探讨饲喂或鸡舍喷洒复合芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡福利状况的影响。选取健康、体重相近的1日龄AA肉鸡300只,随机分在3个处理中,每个处理4个重复,每个重复25只鸡,网上平养。处理1为对照组,饲喂玉米一豆粕基础日粮;处理2为饲喂组,在基础日粮中添加复合芽孢杆菌制剂200mg／kg;处理3为喷洒组,在鸡舍空气中喷洒复合芽孢杆菌喷剂。41日龄时对各处理肉鸡的福利状况进行评估。结果表明,饲喂组和喷洒组肉鸡试验期没有出现死亡,而对照组的死亡率为3％,各组间肉鸡死亡率差异不显著（P〉0．05）;肉鸡羽毛清洁度与步态评分结果优劣次序为：喷洒组〉饲喂组〉对照组;饲喂或喷洒芽孢杆菌的肉鸡脚垫评分都优于对照组;从跗关节损伤度来看,各处理组评分结果优劣程度为：对照组优于喷洒组,喷洒组优于饲喂组。试验结果显示,在AA肉鸡日粮中添加复合芽孢杆菌制剂或在鸡舍中喷洒复合芽孢杆菌制剂可以在一定程度上改善肉鸡的福利状况。 相似文献
18.
The dosing of young chicks with cultures of normal gut flora has been termed "competitive exclusion" (CE). This study was undertaken to examine, under field conditions, the effect of CE treatment on counts of intestinal Clostridium perfringens (CP) and on the occurrence of CP-associated disease in broiler chickens. A farm having recurrent CP-associated health problems was selected as study site. The study comprised four broiler houses, with one treated and one untreated flock per house. Treated birds were sprayed with the CE product Broilact upon arrival at the farm. All flocks were offered feed containing the ionophorous anticoccidial agent narasin. The feed did not contain growth promoters. Treatment was associated with positive but statistically nonsignificant effects on gut health. Delayed intestinal proliferation of CP and delayed appearance of CP-associated gut lesions were found in CE-treated flocks. This delay was associated with improved production performance at slaughter. 相似文献
19.
探讨日粮中添加二色胡枝子提取物(Extractive of Lespedeza bicolor,LBE)对肉仔鸡生产性能及抗氧化作用的影响。试验选用500只健康1日龄商品代艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为10组,每组5个重复,试验期42d。对照组(CK)饲喂基础日粮,试验1～3组饲喂基础日粮加二色胡枝子粗提物90,100和110mg/kg;试验4～6组饲喂基础日粮加二色胡枝子乙酸乙酯萃取物60,70和80mg/kg;试验7～9组饲喂基础日粮加二色胡枝子正丁醇萃取物60,70和80mg/kg。试验结果表明:日粮中添加二色胡枝子乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物对肉仔鸡生产性能有促进作用,可提高肉仔鸡的抗氧化功能。 相似文献
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