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通过2个试验研究了断奶仔猪胰高血糖素样肽-2（GLP-2）分泌规律和免疫应激对断奶仔猪肠道发育及GLP-2分泌的影响。试验1研究表明，仔猪断奶厌食降低了GLP-2的分泌，而随着采食量的恢复GLP-2分泌增加。试验2研究发现，免疫应激导致仔猪采食量急剧下降（P〈0.01），并使全身免疫系统活化；同时，试验前期（0-4 d）GLP-2分泌受免疫应激的影响而显著下降（P〈0.05），并影响了仔猪肠道形态学（绒毛高度/隐窝深度）和肠黏膜乳糖酶、蔗糖酶的活性。免疫应激条件下仔猪肠道黏膜杯状细胞数量也有下降的趋势。结果表明，免疫应激造成仔猪采食量下降和全身免疫系统活化，并引起GLP-2分泌不足，从而影响肠道发育。 相似文献
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目前犬瘟热发病表现腹泻症状的病犬占很高的比例,而犬瘟热疾病表现消化道症状的病理机制尚未完全阐明。5-羟色胺(5-HT)是消化系统内重要的神经递质和调节物,而且90%以上分布于肠道,在腹泻性的疾病中可能起着巨大作用。为探讨犬瘟热病犬胃肠道5-HT细胞的变化及其在病理中的作用,取5只消化道型犬瘟热病犬胃肠组织,常规切片,SP免疫组织化学技术对病犬胃肠道内5-HT胺细胞进行定位,观察其形态特征与分布密度。结果显示,胃肠道内5-HT胺细胞呈现明显多形性,大小不均一。胃部的5-HT胺细胞主要集中在胃腺上皮细胞之间;肠道内的5-HT胺细胞主要分布于肠上皮基底部、肠道黏膜上皮细胞之间。在消化道型犬瘟热病犬胃肠道中5-HT胺细胞数量明显增多,在胃中5-HT胺细胞的密度在胃幽门处显著高于胃部其他部位,在肠道内结肠处的分布数量显著低于其他肠段,在整个胃肠道内呈不规则波浪形分布,并且5-HT胺细胞密度与腹泻程度明显相关。试验结果提示5-HT胺细胞可能参与犬瘟热发病过程,其增高是由于犬瘟热病毒或者继发感染的其他病原菌破坏消化道的正常组织结构刺激胃肠道内的5-HT胺细胞代偿性增加。 相似文献
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蓝狐消化道5-羟色胺和生长抑素免疫组化定位 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用免疫组织化学SP法.研究蓝狐消化道内5-羟色胺和生长抑素2种免疫阳性细胞的形态结构与分布密度.结果表明,消化道中这2种免疫阳性细胞形态多呈圆形、椭圆形或锥体形,主要集中分布在胃腺上皮、肠上皮及肠腺上皮细胞之间.5-HT免疫阳性细胞数量以结肠最多,直肠和空肠次之,胃底腺区、十二指肠、回肠和幽门腺区较少,食管、贲门腺区和盲肠中未见:SS免疫阳性细胞大量出现于幽门腺区,食管、责门腺区和盲肠中未见;根据其形态推测,蓝狐消化道这2种免疫阳性细胞有内、外2种分泌功能. 相似文献
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为了对麻雀(Passer montanus)消化道内的5-羟色胺(5-HT)免疫活性内分泌细胞和胃泌素(Gas)免疫活性内分泌细胞进行免疫组织化学的定位和形态学研究,试验采用免疫组织化学ABC(avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex,ABC)法。结果表明:5-HT免疫活性内分泌细胞在麻雀消化道中除了食管和嗉囊外均有分布,分布密度高峰在空肠,腺胃分布密度最低;Gas免疫活性内分泌细胞只分布在肠部,且空肠是其分布密度的高峰。2种内分泌细胞的形态相似,以锥体形为主,其次是圆形,偶见梭形,主要分布于腺泡上皮细胞之间。根据内分泌细胞形态认为其具有内分泌和外分泌功能。 相似文献
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选取军牧一号29日龄（7.06±0.18）kg、99日龄（44.54±9.0 4）kg和169日龄（78.93±7.37）kg去势公猪各5头,分别进行仔猪、生长猪和肥育猪3个生理阶段的动物试验。仔猪于28日龄断奶,每一阶段试验期为7d。试验期结束后屠宰,迅速采集十二指肠、空肠中段和回肠组织样品。采用Ki-67抗体或TUNEL免疫组织化学染色方法分别检测小肠上皮细胞增生或凋亡情况,同时测定小肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度。结果表明,随着猪日龄的增长,小肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度增大（P〈0.01）;肠上皮细胞凋亡和增生指数逐渐降低（P〈0.001）。无论哪一生长阶段的猪,不同肠段上皮细胞凋亡和增生指数有着相同的变化规律,空肠中段最高,回肠最低（P〈0.01）。 相似文献
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《家畜生态学报》2020,(8)
为研究宫内发育迟缓(intrauterine growth retardation,IUGR)对生长猪肠道形态、消化吸收功能及抗氧化能力的影响,该试验从30窝新生仔猪中选择了正常初生重(normal birth weight,NBW)和IUGR雄性仔猪各30头。所有仔猪断奶前自由哺乳,断奶后分为NBW组和IUGR组,饲喂相同的商品日粮,每组6重复,每重复5头仔猪。90日龄时,每重复随机选择1头试验猪进行屠宰采样。结果显示:(1)与NBW组相比,IUGR显著降低了生长猪空肠绒毛表面积和回肠绒毛高度(P0.05);(2)与NBW生长猪相比,IUGR生长猪空肠食糜脂肪酶活性显著降低(P0.05);(3)同时,IUGR生长猪空肠黏膜麦芽糖酶、回肠黏膜蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活性也显著低于NBW生长猪(P0.05);(4)与NBW组相比,IUGR显著升高了空肠黏膜丙二醛含量,显著降低了空肠、回肠黏膜总超氧化物歧化酶活性(P0.05);(5)IUGR导致生长猪空肠和回肠黏膜钠/葡萄糖共转运载体1、超氧化物歧化酶2及空肠黏膜超氧化物歧化酶1转录水平明显减少(P0.05)。上述结果表明,IUGR对90日龄生长猪肠道形态、消化吸收功能及抗氧化能力具有负面影响。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2021,(10)
为探讨IgM分泌细胞在家兔胃肠道中的分布特点,选取2月龄(幼年组)、5～7月龄(青年组)、36月龄(老年组)的健康日本大耳兔,采集胃肠道不同部位的组织样品,采用免疫组织化学方法检测这些部位中IgM分泌细胞的分布特征。结果显示:IgM分泌细胞在各年龄组家兔胃肠道的分布位置和分布趋势基本一致,主要分布在黏膜固有层和肠腺附近,阳性细胞密度从胃底腺区至十二指肠呈增加趋势,空肠至直肠呈减少趋势。胃中幽门腺区分布密度显著高于胃底腺区(P0.05);小肠中十二指肠密度最高,回肠最低;大肠中盲肠密度最高,直肠最低。IgM分泌细胞在青年组胃肠中的分布最为丰富。提示:青年组家兔抵御病原体入侵的能力强于幼年组和老年组,十二指肠和幽门腺区可能是家兔胃肠道黏膜免疫中产生体液免疫应答的主要部位。 相似文献
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糖基化修饰是生命体中最重要的一种蛋白质翻译后修饰之一，对生命体起着非常重要的作用。糖蛋白上的糖基可以作为凝集素的结合位点，因此凝集素可以用来鉴别和分析糖链结构，作为糖基化分析方法如质谱法的重要补充。本试验旨在建立和优化研究猪肠道糖基化修饰的荧光凝集素免疫组化方法，并应用该方法研究猪不同肠段糖基化修饰的差异以及断奶对仔猪肠道糖基化修饰的影响。结果表明：①荧光凝集素免疫组化方法最适条件为：切片脱蜡后，封闭切片30 min，采用5 μg/mL FITC标记植物凝集素（FITC-Lectin）室温孵育1 h，以含有DAPI的封片剂进行封片。该方法具有灵敏度高、特异性好以及定量更为多元化的特点。②生长猪回肠和结肠中糖基化修饰模式不同，回肠主要以岩藻糖、N-乙酰葡萄糖胺为主，而结肠中主要以N-乙酰葡萄糖胺、岩藻糖和甘露糖为主。除甘露糖分布在非杯状细胞的肠上皮细胞和固有层外，岩藻糖和N-乙酰葡萄糖胺主要分布在肠绒毛表面和杯状细胞中。③22~28日龄仔猪回肠中N-乙酰葡萄糖胺的含量随着仔猪日龄的增加而增加（P<0.05），断奶显著降低了28日龄仔猪回肠中N-乙酰葡萄糖胺的含量（P<0.05）。综上所述，本研究成功建立猪肠道糖基化修饰的研究方法，并通过此方法发现仔猪回肠中N-乙酰葡萄糖胺可作为肠道屏障功能完善的标志之一。 相似文献
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选用日龄和体质量相近的仔猪40头,公母各半,随机分为试验组和对照组.按等氮等能原则配制日粮,试验组日粮添加1.2%的谷氨酰胺.在35日龄和49日龄采血并每组屠宰5头性别相同的仔猪,取肝脏和肠道,测定仔猪血液、肝脏和肠道中γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)活性.结果,日粮添加谷氨酰胺显著降低35日龄时仔猪血浆中γ-GT活性,49日龄时试验组仔猪血浆中γ-谷氨酰转肤酶活性也低于对照组,但差异不显著;添加谷氨酰胺显著降低35日龄仔猪十二指肠和回肠粘膜和组织中的γ-谷氨酰转肽酶活性,35日龄时空肠的γ-GT活性也明显下降,但与对照组相比差异不显著,49日龄时试验组仔猪不同肠段γ-GT活性都比对照组有所降低,但差异不显著;日粮添加谷氨酰胺对肝蛋白无显著的影响,但显著降低仔猪肝脏的γ-GT活性.日粮添加谷氨酰胺可显著降低早期断奶仔猪血液和肝、肠组织中γ-GT活性. 相似文献
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CHEN Zhong-jian WU Xiu-ju ZHU Cui ZHANG Wei-na LIANG Rui YAN Shi-juan SU Hao-xian CHEN Zhuang 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(5):1498-1507
In order to analyze the distributions and densities of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of Meihua pig (an elite native breed of Guangdong province, China), 6 healthy piglets weaned at 30 days of age were fed with the same diet till 65 days of age. At 65 days of age, different sections of the gastrointestinal tract of each piglet were collected, and the features and densities of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) immunopositive cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the 5-HT positive cells distributed at the epithelial layer throughout the intestinal tract (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon) with a variety of features (e.g. cone, round, spindle), and they could be classified into either open-shape or closed-shape type, the density of 5-HT positive cells in duodenum was highest; The ghrelin positive cells were located along the gastrointestinal tract (gastric glands, pylorus, duodenum and jejunum) with both open-shape and closed shape, and its density decreased along the tract with most cells in gastric glands; The GLP-1 positive cells were observed along the intestinal tract, but its density increased from duodenum to ileum and then decreased in colon. This study might provide supporting data for further study of the gastrointestinal physiology of Meihua pig. 相似文献
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试验采用免疫组织化学、Real—timePCR和Western blotting方法测定ghrelin的功能性受体GHSR-1a（Growth hormone seeretagogue receptor-1a,GHSR-1a）在奶山羊胃肠道的分布和表达。免疫组织化学结果显示,GHSR—1a免疫阳性细胞广泛分布于奶山羊胃肠道。在皱胃主要定位于黏膜层和肌层;瘤胃、网胃和瓣胃黏膜层及肌层中也可见GHSR-1a免疫阳性细胞;在小肠主要位于十二指肠、空肠和回肠的黏膜层、黏膜下层和肌层;在结肠、盲肠和直肠GHSR—1a免疫阳性细胞也有广泛分布;GHSR—1a主要表达于内在神经丛神经细胞、胃底腺上皮细胞、肠腺上皮细胞、复层鳞状上皮细胞、平滑肌细胞中。real—timePCR和Westernblotting结果显示,皱胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠和直肠GHSR—1a的表达水平相对较高,显著高于瘤胃、网胃和瓣胃的表达（P〈0．05）。结果表明,ghrelin可能通过GHsR-1a对奶山羊胃肠功能具有重要的调节作用。 相似文献
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断奶仔猪胃肠道中IgA和IgG分泌细胞的分布 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本研究旨在探讨IgA和IgG分泌细胞在断奶仔猪胃肠道不同部位的分布特点和规律。选取8头断奶24 d的仔猪,采集胃底部、胃体部、胃幽门部、十二指肠、空肠、回肠和结肠组织样品,应用免疫组织化学方法检测胃肠道中IgA和IgG分泌细胞的变化。结果显示:IgA和IgG分泌细胞在胃肠道中具有类似的分布特点和规律,即2种分泌细胞主要分布在黏膜固有层中,其数量沿着胃肠道呈现先增加后减少的趋势,其中IgA和IgG分泌细胞在胃幽门部和小肠分布最多。结果表明仔猪的胃幽门部和小肠前段可能是发挥黏膜免疫反应和抵御外界病原微生物入侵的重要位点。 相似文献
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An immunohistochemical study of the gastrointestinal endocrine cells in the C57BL/6 mice 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
The regional distributions and relative frequencies of some gastrointestinal endocrine cells in the eight portions (fundus, pylorus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and rectum) of the gastrointestinal tract of C57BL/6 mouse was studied with immunohistochemical method using seven types of specific anti-sera against chromogranin A (CGA), serotonin, somatostatin, human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP), glucagon, gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK)-8. In this study, all these seven types of immunoreactive (IR) cells were identified. Most of these IR cells in the intestinal portion were generally spherical or spindle in shape (open-type cell) while cells showing round in shape (closed-type cell) were found in the intestinal gland and stomach regions occasionally. Their relative frequencies were varied according to each portion of gastrointestinal tract. CGA-IR cells were demonstrated throughout the whole gastrointestinal tract and they showed most predominant in the pylorus and duodenum. Serotonin-IR cells were detected throughout whole gastrointestinal tract and they showed highest frequency in the stomach and colon. Somatostatin-IR cells were demonstrated throughout whole gastrointestinal tract except for large intestine and showed highest frequency in the fundus. HPP-IR cells were found in the fundus with rare frequency. Peculiarly, glucagon-IR cells were restricted to the fundus, ileum and colon with a few frequencies. Gastrin-IR cells were restricted to the pylorus with numerous frequency and CCK-8-IR cells were observed in the pylorus, duodenum and jejunum with numerous and/or a few frequencies, respectively. In conclusion, some peculiar distributional patterns of gastrointestinal endocrine cells were found in C57BL/6 mouse. 相似文献
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【目的】 通过研究槲皮素对猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）感染仔猪肠道形态、肠道抗氧化功能及空肠脂质代谢相关基因相对表达量的影响,旨在探讨槲皮素对PEDV感染仔猪肠道的保护作用。【方法】 选取18头健康的7日龄断奶仔猪,随机分为3组：对照组、PEDV组和槲皮素＋PEDV组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验期8 d,于试验第0~7天,对槲皮素＋PEDV组仔猪每天口腔灌服10 mg/kg BW的槲皮素,其余组灌服等体积的人工奶。于试验第5天晚上给PEDV组和槲皮素＋PEDV组仔猪口腔灌服104.5TCID50的PEDV,对照组仔猪灌服相同体积的PBS溶液。于试验第8天早上屠宰,取仔猪十二指肠、空肠、回肠及结肠组织样品进行检测。【结果】 与对照组相比,PEDV组仔猪空肠和回肠的绒毛高度以及绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值极显著降低（P<0.01）,空肠、回肠和结肠中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）的活力显著降低（P<0.05）,十二指肠、空肠、回肠和结肠中过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活力显著降低（P<0.05）,回肠和结肠中丙二醛（MDA）的含量显著升高（P<0.05）,空肠中载脂蛋白A1（APOA1）、载脂蛋白B （APOB）、载脂蛋白C2（APOC2）、脂肪酸结合蛋白2（FABP2）、酰基辅酶A合成酶长链家族成员3（ACSL-3）和脂肪酸合酶（FASN）基因的相对表达量极显著下调（P<0.01）。与PEDV组相比,槲皮素＋PEDV组仔猪空肠和回肠的绒毛高度以及绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值极显著提高（P<0.01）,空肠、回肠和结肠中GSH-Px和T-SOD的活力显著提高（P<0.05）,十二指肠、空肠和结肠中CAT的活力显著提高（P<0.05）,回肠和结肠中MDA的含量显著降低（P<0.05）,空肠中APOB、FABP2和FASN基因的相对表达量极显著上调（P<0.01）。【结论】 添加槲皮素可有效缓解PEDV感染导致的仔猪肠道损伤,提高仔猪肠道抗氧化能力以及空肠脂质代谢的能力。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮营养限制对羔羊肠道组织形态及血清中胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)和胰高血糖素样-2(GLP-2)浓度的影响。选取64只17日龄湖羊羔羊随机分为4组,饲喂不同营养水平的代乳品和开食料,分别为对照(CON)组、20%蛋白质限制(PR)组、20%能量限制(ER)组、20%蛋白质+20%能量限制(BR)组,每组4个重复,每重复4只羔羊,公母各占1/2。于羔羊20日龄、40日龄和60日龄采集血清用于测定IGF-1和GLP-2的浓度,40日龄和60日龄时每组分别选取4只羔羊进行屠宰,屠宰后取十二指肠、空肠和回肠组织观察小肠组织形态结构。结果表明:1)PR组、ER组、BR组40日龄小肠重量显著低于CON组(P0.05),到60日龄仅ER组羔羊小肠重显著低于CON组(P0.05),小肠重量降低主要由于空肠重量的降低。2)PR组、ER组、BR组40日龄十二指肠、空肠绒毛高度及60日龄十二指肠绒毛高度显著低于CON组(P0.05),ER组、BR组60日龄空肠绒毛高度显著低于CON组(P0.05)。3)BR组40日龄十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著低于CON组(P0.05)。4)ER组60日龄血清GLP-2浓度显著低于其他3组(P0.05),4组间血清IGF-1浓度无显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮营养限制抑制了羔羊十二指肠、空肠组织形态发育,同时能量限制可降低血清GLP-2的浓度。 相似文献
19.
C. Gilor S. Gilor T.K. Graves L.B. Borst P. Labelle T.K. Ridge D. Santoro O. Dossin 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2013
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and GLP-2 are hormones secreted from specialized K cells (GIP) and L cells (GLP-1, GLP-2) in the intestinal mucosa. These hormones play major roles in health and disease by modulating insulin secretion, satiety, and multiple intestinal functions. The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of K cells and L cells in the intestines of healthy cats. Samples of duodenum, mid-jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon were collected from 5 cats that were euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study and had no gross or histologic evidence of gastrointestinal disease. Samples stained with rabbit-anti-porcine GIP, mouse-anti-(all mammals) GLP-1, or rabbit-anti-(all mammals) GLP-2 antibodies were used to determine the number of cells in 15 randomly selected 400× microscopic fields. In contrast to other mammals (eg, dogs) in which K cells are not present in the ileum and aborally, GIP-expressing cells are abundant throughout the intestines in cats (>6/high-power field in the ileum). Cells expressing GLP-1 or GLP-2 were most abundant in the ileum (>9/high-power field) as in other mammals, but, although GLP-1–expressing cells were abundant throughout the intestines, GLP-2–expressing cells were rarely found in the duodenum. In conclusion, the distribution of GIP-secreting K cells in cats is different from the distribution of K cells that is described in other mammals. The difference in distribution of GLP-2– and GLP-1–expressing cells suggests that more than 1 distinct population of L cells is present in cats. 相似文献
20.
P A Iji J G van der Walt T S Brand E A Boomker D Booyse 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2003,57(3):217-228
A study was conducted to investigate changes in the development of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in relation to body growth of growing ostriches. There was an 11-fold increase (P < 0.001) in body weight between 3 and 72 days of age. The relative (to body weight) weight of the proventriculus/gizzard, caeca and colon also increased (P < 0.001) with age. The relative weight of the small intestine peaked at 41 days of age and then tended to decline (P < 0.05) subsequently. The relative weight of the pancreas peaked at 27 days of age and remained fairly stable thereafter. The activities of chymotrypsin and lipase declined (P < 0.001) with age between 3 and 72 days. At 3 days of age, the protein content of the duodenal mucosal homogenate was higher (P < 0.001) than that of the jejunum or ileum, but at all subsequent periods the jejunal protein content was the highest. The protein content of the intestinal brush-border membrane was higher (P < 0.001) at the jejunum than at the duodenum or ileum. The specific activity of maltase declined (P < 0.001) with age in all three regions, most especially between 3 and 27 days of age. The activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) at 41 and 55 days of age was higher (P < 0.001) in the duodenum than in the jejunum or ileum. The activity of AP fluctuated with age in the duodenum but there was a more defined decline (P < 0.001) with age in the jejunum and ileum. The relative protein content of the liver increased (P < 0.001) with age, with two peaks at 27 and 55 days of age. Arginase activity was not detected in the liver of 3-day old chicks and was not significantly affected by age between 27 and 72 days of age. The pattern of development observed is similar to that in growing poultry. There is, however, a need for evaluation at closer intervals in early life as well as an in-depth assessment of the morphometry of the intestinal mucosa. 相似文献