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1.
RAPD and SCAR markers linked to the sex expression locus M in asparagus 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Bulk segregant analysis (BSA), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR)
methods were used to map molecular markers to the sex locus M of asparagus. Two parents, A19 (male, Mm) and MW25 (female,
mm), and 63 progeny were used for the study. Two DNA bulks, one male and one female, were made by pooling equal amounts of
DNA from 10 randomly selected progeny of each sex type. A total of 760 arbitrary decamer oligonucleotide primers were used
for RAPD analysis. Primer OPC15 produced two RAPD markers, OPC15-98 and OPC15-30, both of which were linked to the M locus
at a distance of 1.6 cM. Subsequently, amplified RAPD fragment OPC15-98 was cloned and sequenced. The sequence was then used
to design flanking 24-mer oligonucleotide SCAR primers SCC15-1 and SCC15-2. Both of these SCAR primers amplified a single
980 bp fragment; the same size as the cloned RAPD fragment. However, the SCAR marker was dominant as was the original OPC15-98
band from which it was derived. These RAPD and SCAR markers could be used for scoring male and female progeny in the mapping
population, but were not found to be applicable to other asparagus germplasm studied.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
Two dioecious hemp accessions (Can18 and Can17) were tested by bulked segregant analysis for polymorphisms between male and female bulks with amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Thirty‐nine primer combinations were tested and 20 of these yielded one to three male‐specific bands. In contrast, no female‐specific band was detected. Eight of these primer combinations were used for testing 80 progeny plants from a cross between two plants from Can18 and 30 plants from Can17. A total of 16 and 17 male‐specific fragments were obtained for Can 18 and Can 17, respectively. Eleven fragments exhibited the same fragment size in both accessions. All male plants, but not one female plant, showed the respective polymorphic band with each of the eight primer combinations. Problems regarding sex determination under field conditions were successfully overcome by testing plants that had been grown in small pots in a greenhouse. The abundant number of potential markers for the male sex, their complete cosegregation with male plants and the absence of markers for the female sex support the presence of a male sex chromosome in hemp. 相似文献
3.
利用42条RAPD（Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA）随机扩增引物分析工业大麻品种“火麻一号”组成的雄性或雌性DNA池（DNA pools）,结果显示,引物OPV-08扩增得到一条大小为869bp与工业大麻雄性相关的特异条带。根据测序结果,合成了两条SCAR（Sequence Characterized Amplified Region）标记引物,该SCAR标记不仅可以对工业大麻雌雄异株材料花期已知性别的雌雄植株进行准确鉴定,还可以对幼苗期未知性别的大麻雌雄植株进行鉴定;也可对雌雄同株材料可能出现的雄化进行早期鉴定。这不仅为工业大麻早期性别鉴定提供基础,且为减少雌雄同株材料的雄化提供支撑。 相似文献
4.
Three segregating F2 populations were developed by self-pollinating 3 black rot resistant F1 plants, derived from across between black rot resistant parent line 11B-1-12 and the susceptible cauliflower cultivar ‘Snow
Ball’. Plants were wound inoculated using 4 isolates ofXanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) race 4, and disease severity ratings of F2 plants from the three populations were scored. A total of 860 arbitrary oligonucleotide primers were used to amplify DNA
from black rot resistant and susceptible F2 plants and bulks. Eight RAPD markers amplified fragments associated with completely disease free plants following black rot
inoculation,which segregated in frequencies far lower than expected. Segregation of markers with black rot resistance indicates
that a single, dominant major gene controls black rot resistance in these plants. Stability of this black rot resistance gene
in populations derived from 11B-1-12 may complicate introgression into B. oleracea genotypes for hybrid production.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Novel male-specific molecular markers (MADC5, MADC6) in hemp 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Ottó Törjék Nándor Bucherna Erzsébet Kiss Hajnalka Homoki Zsuzsanna Finta-Korpelová Iván Bócsa István Nagy László E. Heszky 《Euphytica》2002,127(2):209-218
Decamer RAPD primers were tested on dioecious and monoecious hemp cultivars to identify sex-specific molecular markers. Two
primers (OPD05 and UBC354) generated specific bands in male plants. These two DNA fragments were isolated, cloned and sequenced.
Both markers proved to be unique, since no sequence with significant homology to OPD05961 and UBC354151 markers were found in databases. These markers were named MADC3 (OPD05961) and MADC4 (UBC354151) (Male-Associated DNA from Cannabis sativa). The markers were converted into sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. The SCAR markers correlated with
the sex of the segregating F2 population and proved the tight linkage to the male phenotype. Results of F2 plant population analysis suggest these markers are to be linked to the Y chromosome.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Mapping Co, a gene controlling the columnar phenotype of apple, with molecular markers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The columnar phenotype is a very valuable genetic resource for apple breeding because of its compact growth form determined
by the dominant gene Co. Using bulked segregant analysis combined with several DNA molecular marker techniques to screen the F1 progeny of Spur Fuji × Telamon (heterozygous for Co), 9 new DNA markers (6 RAPD, 1 AFLP and 2 SSRs) linked to the Co gene were identified. A total of 500 10-mer random primers, 56 pairs of selective AFLP primers and 8 SSR primer pairs were
screened. One RAPD marker S1142682, and the AFLP marker, E-ACT/M-CTA346, were converted into SCAR markers designated SCAR682 and SCAR216, respectively. These markers will enable early selection in progenies where Co is difficult to identify. The Co gene was located between the SSR markers CH03d11 and COL on linkage group 10 of the apple genetic linkage map. Finally, a
local genetic map of the region around the Co gene was constructed by linkage analysis of the nine new markers and three markers developed earlier. 相似文献
7.
DNA fingerprinting studies have been carried out with the physiologically mature male and female plants of Jojoba using 80 ISSR primers with a view to generate sex-linked markers. After bulk segregant analysis, two unique ISSR markers, viz. ISSR8481500 and VIS111317 have been developed which can be used for determining the sex at the seedling stage. Of the eighty primers tested on the pooled male DNA and pooled female DNA samples, six ISSR primers were found to be associated with sex expression. Of the six, only two primers ISSR848 and VIS11 generated unique male sex specific bands of ~1,500 and ~1,300 bp which were consecutively present in all the male genotypes and absent in all the respective female genotypes. The remaining four primers when tried on individuals of different genotypes were confined to their sex specificity in only two female genotypes and absent in their male counterparts. One of the male-sex specific markers, VIS111317 has also been cloned and sequenced which showed homology with a sex linked gene, DD44 from dioecious Silene species. Furthermore, VIS111317 was converted into a male sex-specific sequence tagged sites (STS) marker of 584 bp. The male specific STS marker thus developed has been verified and validated on 100 populations of male and female individuals from ten different genotypes of Jojoba to endorse the diagnostic reliability of the STS marker. This can gainfully be employed for screening of sex at seedling stage which would be quite helpful for uprooting the undesired plants, thereby, saving resources like labor, water, fertilizers and space for highly desirable female plants. 相似文献
8.
A phenomenon, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), was discovered in hybrid plants involving a selected plant (named AMR) of the
Chinese rice cultivar ‘ZhongxinNo. 1’ as one parent. In these hybrids and some of their progenies, somatic variations were
manifested by molecular genotypes and/or morphological phenotypes in vegetative parts of the same plant. Random amplified
polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for the parents have been followed through the F3 generation. RAPD markers were uniformly present or absent in all plants within some or all F2 panicle rows derived from F1 hybrids involving AMR. In contrast, RAPD markers segregated in the Mendelian manner for dominant markers in panicle rows
derived from control hybrids. Certain F2 panicle rows from F1hybrids involving the special rice became fixed for all assayed RAPD markers. Genotype fixation was confirmed by molecular
assays and field observations of the F3 progenies. We propose a new biological mechanism, called ‘assortment mitosis,’ as being responsible for the observed phenomenon.
The use of this mechanism in plant hybrids allows the development of uniform progenies as early as the F2 generation. Therefore, the time required to obtain fixed non-parental type progenies for subsequent performance trials can
be drastically shortened. Utilizing this mechanism in plant breeding represents a new approach and requires the modification
of conventional plant breeding procedures.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
Liqin Liao Jun Liu Yanxia Dai Qian Li Ming Xie Qijiong Chen Huaqun Yin Guanzhou Qiu Xueduan Liu 《Euphytica》2009,169(1):49-55
There is an urgent need for early sex identification to support field planting in Ginkgo biloba L., due to the different economic and medicinal values between male and female trees. An easy, rapid and reliable molecular
method for sex type determination of G. biloba was reported in the paper. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR)
were used to search for specific molecular markers linked to the sex locus. A total of 48 primers were used for screening of specific RAPD markers in six male and three female samples. Only one primer,
S10, showed different amplification band patterns associated with sex types. Then the sex-specific bands, S10-BandA and S10-BandB,
were cloned and sequenced. Based on the sequences two pairs of SCAR primers, GBA and GBB, were designed. The GBA primers amplify
a single 571 bp band in male samples but not in female samples, and DNA amplification using GBB primers could generate a 688 bp
band only in the female individuals. Finally, the SCAR primers were used to test 16 sex-unknown samples. SCAR primers developed
in this paper can be used as effective, convenient and reliable molecular markers for sex identification in G. biloba. 相似文献
10.
Genetic modification from selfed progenies of 18 rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants regenerated from callus tissues which survived desiccation, were investigated at the DNA level using the random
amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. Twelve 10-mer random primers were used to amplify DNA of progenies from the regenerated
plants, and a total of 228 PCR products and 1780 DNA fragments were obtained by primers, generating between four to thirteen
major bands. The size of the amplified fragments ranged from 0.2 to 2.55 kb. The results showed that 10 out of 12 primers
produced polymorphic bands, two primers (RA31 and RA185) showed no polymorphism among plants tested. A dendrogram of the genetic
distance was constructed based on their polymorphism, demonstrating that somaclonal variation exists in rice plants regenerated
from callus which survived the desiccation treatment. Part of this variation can be useful in rice breeding.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
H. L. Ko D. C. Cowan R. J. Henry G. C. Graham A. B. Blakeney L. G. Lewin 《Euphytica》1994,80(3):179-189
Summary The genetic relationships between rice varieties were analysed by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with arbitrary oligonucleotide primers in the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. PCR with 22 arbitrary primers applied to 37 varieties produced 144 useful markers, of which 67% were polymorphic. Thus, with selected primers sufficient polymorphism could be detected to allow identification of individual varieties. Visual examination of electrophoresis gels and analysis of banding patterns confirmed that commercial Australian and USA lines and their relatives were very closely related, with similarity indices of 88–97%. Three varieties originating from more distant geographical centres were easily distinguished, producing variety-specific amplification profiles and expressing a lower similarity index of 80% to all other varieties tested. PCR offers a potentially simple, rapid and reliable method for rice genotype identification and recognition of lines that could contribute genetic diversity to new commercial varieties.Abbreviations PCR
Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RAPD
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA 相似文献
12.
A series of intra- and interspecific crosses in Rubus was evaluated with DNA markers to assess the proportion of apomictically vs. sexually derived progeny plants. The species
were well separated from each other with these markers and the interspecific hybrids were easy to ascertain. Ten plants each
were derived by selfing of R. hartmanni, R. polyanthemus and R. vestitus, and evaluated with RFLP. Of these plants, only one R. hartmanni plant appeared to be sexually derived, whereas the remainder appeared to have arisen by apomixis. Between 10 and 19 progeny
plants, derived by open pollination of R. Hartmanni, R. infestus, R. laciniatus and R. vestitus, respectively (total of 63plants), were evaluated with RFLP. Of these, 6 plants (approx. 10%) showed as lightly deviating
band pattern, which may indicate sexual seed set but could also result from experimental artefacts. The three species combinations
1) R. hartmanni and R. sprengelii, 2) R. infestus and R. vestitus, and 3)R. laciniatus and R. polyanthemus were cross-pollinated reciprocally and the resulting progenies evaluated with RAPD (combinations 1 and 2)and leaf shape (combination
3). Combination1 produced 20% (3 out of 15 progenies)sexually derived progenies, combination 2produced 100% (26 progenies)
and combination 3 produced 64% (16 out of 26progenies), respectively. The hybrid progenies appeared to have been derived through
pollination of unreduced as well as reduced egg cells. The ability to produce interspecific hybrid progenies is most probably
dependent upon the species combination.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
Hemp (Cannabis sativa) has a highly variable sexual phenotype. In dioecious hemp, the sex is controlled by heteromorphic sex chromosomes according to an X-to-autosomes equilibrium. However, in monoecious hemp, the sex determinism remains widely unknown and has never been related to a quantitative approach of sex expression. The present paper aims to contribute to the comprehension of the sex determinism in monoecious hemp by assessing the genotypic variability of its sex expression and establishing its sex chromosomes. Five monoecious and one dioecious cultivars were grown in controlled conditions under several photoperiods. The monoecy degree of 194 monoecious plants was recorded at each node by a figure ranging from 0 (male flowers only) to 6 (female flowers only). The genome size of 55 plants was determined by flow cytometry. The DNA of 115 monoecious plants was screened with the male-associated marker MADC2. The monoecy degree varied significantly among monoecious cultivars from 3.36 ± 2.28 in ‘Uso 31’ to 5.70 ± 0.81 in the most feminised ‘Epsilon 68’. The variation of monoecy degree among cultivars remained consistent across trials despite a significant “cultivar × trial” interaction and partly agreed with their earliness. The genome size of monoecious plants (1.791 ± 0.017 pg) was not different from that of females (1.789 ± 0.019 pg) but significantly lower than that of males (1.835 ± 0.019 pg). MADC2 was absent from all monoecious plants. These results strongly support that cultivars of monoecious hemp have the XX constitution and that their sex expression has a genetic basis. 相似文献
14.
Sex identification in Pistacia species during the long juvenile stage is an economically desirable objective. Due to the lack of morphological methods to
identify sex at this stage, the application of molecular markers is expected to facilitate breeding programs. The aim of our
study was to identify a marker closely linked to sex loci in Pistacia
atlantica Desf subsp. mutica, P. khinjuk, and P. vera subsp. Sarakhs. Samples were collected from both male and female plants of each species, and their band patterns were analyzed according
to the presence or absence of specific bands. Thirty random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and a pair of sequence
characterized amplified region (SCAR) primers were tested as potential markers of sex in wild Pistacia species. Among the RAPD primers, only BC1200 was found to amplify a specific sex band present in female plants. Based on our analysis of all individual samples, a fragment
of approximately 300 bp was amplified in female trees but absent in male ones. Although sex determination mechanisms in Pistacia are still unknown, they may be controlled by a single locus that acts as a trigger. The SCAR technique has proved to be a
reliable technique in gender determination of pistachio genotypes at the seedling phenophase. This method could reduce both
the time and costs associated with breeding programs. 相似文献
15.
DNA polymorphism among nine cultivars of Asparagus officinalis L. was measured using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Of 69 reproducible amplification products from 12 arbitrary decamer primers, 49 RAPD markers were polymorphic and could be used to distinguish six German and three Dutch asparagus cultivars. Even with very small sample sizes, genetic similarity measurements based on the RAPD data allowed accurate grouping of the nine cultivars into distinct clusters, with the exception of two individuals which clustered to closely related varieties. Two German cultivars showed high genetic similarity and were distinct from the remaining German varieties. The German and Dutch cultivars were clearly separated by a relatively large genetic distance. 相似文献
16.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA variation within and among meadow bromegrass progeny types 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ten meadow bromegrass genotypes tested as half‐sib (polycross, PX; open‐pollinated, OP) and selfed (S1) progenies were surveyed using random amplified polymorphic DNA. Fourteen primers, which produced 32 markers, were selected to determine the genotypes of 360 individuals from the three progeny tests. Analysis of molecular variance was performed in each progeny test, and genetic distances between genotypes and progeny types were determined. Among genotype genetic variation in half‐sib (PX and OP) progenies was similar. Genetic variation among genotypes for S1 progenies (30.5%) was about twice that found in the half‐sib progenies. Variation between individual S1 progenies ranged from 15.7% to 50.1%, while in the half‐sib progenies, the range was 6.9‐24.1%. Based on average distances between progeny types for a given genotype, OP and PX were closer to each other than to the S1. An analysis of variance of the molecular marker frequency occurrence was performed for 12 plants within each progeny type of each genotype. Marker frequencies, expressed in percentages, ranged from 10.7% to 84.3%. No significant differences were found for genotype and progeny type‐genotype interaction suggesting that all genotypes behave in a similar manner across the different progeny types. 相似文献
17.
Summary We have used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to characterize eleven cultivars of the five economically most important yam species grown in Jamaica (Dioscorea alata, D. cayenensis, D. rotundata, D. trifida and D. esculenta). Amplification of genomic DNA samples with nine different arbitrary 10mer primers revealed a total of 338 different band positions, ranging in size from 0.3 to 2.5 kb. RAPD patterns proved to be highly reproducible and somatically stable. While no variation was observed among plants belonging to the same cultivar, a large number of intervarietal and interspecific polymorphisms enabled us to reliably discriminate between all Jamaican cultivars investigated. 相似文献
18.
Bulked segregant analysis was employed to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to a gene that confers rhizomania resistance to a sugar beet line created from a Holly Sugar Company breeding population (USA). Polymorphism revealed with 160 arbitrary 10-mer oligonucleotide primers was screened in two bulks produced by separately pooling the individual DNAs from the six most resistant and the six most susceptible plants of an F2 population segregating for rhizomania resistance. A study of the F2 individuals showed that 19 primers generated 44 polymorphic markers which were then grouped into nine linkage groups. By analysis of variance, 12 were shown to have a significant effect upon the level of resistance and were mapped on a segment 22.3 cM long. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) of resistance was identified and located in a 4.6cM interval between two markers. It accounted for 67.4% of the observed variation and almost all the genetic variation. These results suggest that the identified QTL corresponds to a unique major gene conditioning the Holly resistance studied, which we have named Rz-l. 相似文献
19.
Summary Cultivar specific DNA profiles in rye were revealed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) sequences. Ten base primers were used for the amplification of genomic DNA of rye cultivars by PCR. RAPD analysis was found to be reproducible among samples between PCR runs. When amplification profiles of different rye cultivars were compared using various primers, the overall profiles were cultivar specific. However, not all primers revealed polymorphisms. These primers appear to amplify conserved sequences in all rye cultivars. Intracultivar studies were conducted on two of the cultivars. In the cultivar Imperial, no polymorphisms were observed among ten plants analyzed with five primers. In the cultivar Balboa, polymorphisms were observed among fifty plants with four of the ten primers analyzed. Despite the small amount of intracultivar variability, RAPD analysis has the potential to be a rapid and reliable method of cultivar identification in this outcrossing species. 相似文献
20.
为了研究水稻不育基因的遗传机理和连锁情况,利用‘陆18S’与3个父本杂交,并对F2进行花粉育性和结实率观察和遗传分析,同时对F2后代进行RAPD分子标记。通过遗传分析得知,‘陆18S’不育系由1对隐性核基因控制。通过分子标记的筛选,找到了与‘陆18S’雄性不育紧密连锁的RAPD标记S490,片段大小为850 bp。获得与不育基因紧密连锁的RAPD标记。为不育基因克隆、定位奠定了坚实的基础。 相似文献