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影响养殖珍珠质量的主要因子 总被引：10，自引：5，他引：5
珍珠被誉为“宝石皇后”,养殖珍珠质量的提升是珍珠产业关注的焦点,也是珍珠研究领域的重要课题.本研究着重介绍了评价养殖珍珠质量的6个方面内容,包括颜色、大小、形状、光泽、光洁度、有核珍珠珠层厚度等.详细陈述了各主要育珠贝种类及其产珠特点,它们所培育的淡水无核珍珠和海水有核珍珠的质量情况,论述了不同规格、不同壳色育珠贝对所产珍珠质量的影响.重点介绍了作为制作小片供体的供片贝不同种类,以及供片贝不同年龄、不同壳色对育珠贝所产珍珠质量的影响.同时,阐述了插片手术过程中,化学药物因素、小片分离方式、插片个数等插片手术工艺对珍珠质量的影响.此外,还从水质、水体微量元素、养殖深度、养殖方式和养殖周期等几个方面系统探讨了外部条件对养殖珍珠质量的影响. 相似文献
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中国淡水珍珠养殖产业发展报告 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
<正>我国是世界上最早开展淡水珍珠养殖的国家,新中国成立后特别是改革开放以来,我国淡水珍珠养殖发展迅速,自1984年起我国淡水珍珠养殖产量持续位居世界第一。进入新时代,绿色发展理念引领我国淡水珍珠养殖产业转型升级,努力实现高质量发展。本报告系统总结了我国淡水珍珠养殖区域分布、养殖规模、养殖水域、种苗生产、珍珠培育、养殖方式等发展情况,分析了淡水珍珠养殖产业在促进农民增收、乡村振兴、生态服务和满足人民群众美好生活需求等方面的优势,指出了淡水珍珠养殖产业政策规划、科技投入、行业自律、标 相似文献
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贝壳和珍珠是碳酸钙在有机基质调控下形成的结构高度有序的生物矿化物。贝壳有机基质包括贝壳基质蛋白、糖和少量的脂类,其中贝壳基质蛋白对贝壳和珍珠的形成过程具有重要的调控作用。三角帆蚌是我国重要的淡水育珠蚌,三角帆蚌贝壳基质蛋白的研究对于揭示淡水珍珠形成机理和培育高品质淡水珍珠具有重要意义。本文介绍了已发现的与三角帆蚌棱柱层和珍珠层形成相关的26个基质蛋白,包括氨基酸组成、一级结构、高级结构等结构特征,以及参与贝壳碳酸钙沉积、贝壳有机框架形成、晶体形貌调控、贝壳着色调控及与珍珠重量性状的关联性等生物矿化功能方面的最新研究进展,为进一步提高珍珠质量提供参考。 相似文献
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在中国淡水珍珠领域,有一个可以说是当之无愧的领军人物。他就是世界淡水有核珍珠的研创者、广东绍河珍珠有限公司董事长谢绍河。其发明的“淡水有核珍珠”被誉为“天下淡水第一珠”。谢绍河在湛江水产学院任教期间,曾师从我国现代珍珠养殖创始人熊大仁教授从事海水珍珠养殖研究．发明和推广国际首创“淡水有核珍珠”养殖技术, 相似文献
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正三角帆蚌是我国目前最主要的淡水育珠蚌,上海海洋大学培育的三角帆蚌"申紫1号"是以产紫色珍珠比例高为显著特点的新品种,配套优良养殖技术是推广该新品种的必要条件。但我国现行"施肥→培育浮游生物→养殖河蚌→收获珍珠"的养殖模式所存在的养殖风险大、养殖水体富营养化、三角帆蚌病害频发等弊端,已严重打击珍珠养殖户的养殖信心,并引发部分地区出台限养或禁养淡水珍珠蚌政策。因此, 相似文献
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4月8日,湖北省石首市水产局会议室内人头攒动,100余珍珠养殖大户户主正在这里聚精会神的听取浙江省宏达珍珠养殖公司总经理王纪卫先生的“珍珠养殖讲座”。石首系湖北省珍珠养殖大县,近3年该市近万农户依托宽阔的淡水湖泊养殖珍珠,迄今养殖水面达6万亩。但由于珍珠养殖科技含量高,养殖大户普遍存在养殖技术上的问题。此次技术讲座采用提问式讲解,力求实际实效,当场解决了养殖中病虫防治等20多个难题。高陵镇赤雁湖渔场60多岁的养殖大户王业松告诉记者,他不仅学到了理论上养殖珍珠的技术,还学到了实际中规模养殖珍珠的操作方法,受益匪浅。石… 相似文献
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我国淡水珍珠生产的现状及发展对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
（一）淡水无核珍珠的育成，是我国水产科技在２０世纪６０年代的一大突破，它开创了一个新兴产业，填补了我国淡水养殖上的一项空白。它的形成与发展，不仅使我国成为世界上珍珠生产与出口的大国，而且为我国广大农民开辟了一条发家致富的新路。我国的淡水珍珠生产在发展中前进，在调整中提高，取得了举世瞩目的好成绩。３０多年来，我国淡水珍珠生产的发展，经历了一个艰难曲折的发展历程，有成绩，有经验，但也存在不少问题。一是珍珠质量问题。我国生产了占世界珍珠产量９５％的珍珠，但销售额只有３．８亿美元，仅占世界珍珠销售总额４… 相似文献
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Pearl oyster shell consists of two layers: a calcite prismatic layer (outer layer) and an aragonite nacreous layer (inner layer). Calcite and aragonite are CaCO3 polymorphs, and their formations are controlled by shell‐forming tissue called mantle. Pearl sacs originating in the mantle form cultured pearls. Therefore, it has been widely accepted that pearl and shell are produced by the same process. However, this idea has been called into question by some recent mineralogical studies indicating microstructural and crystal‐polymorphic diversity in pearls. The pearl biomineralization process is still not fully understood in detail. Thus, in this study, we focused on the diversity of CaCO3 polymorphism of non‐nacreous structures (NNSs) underlying the nacreous layer in pearl and regenerated shell, to reveal the biomineralization process of the Japanese pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata). Using Meigen's stain and scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive X‐ray (SEM‐EDX), NNSs polymorphs in valuable and valueless pearls, in addition to regenerated shell, were compared. Aragonite was exclusively observed in the NNSs of valuable pearls, whereas calcite was dominant in those of valueless pearls. The same analysis of NNSs of regenerated shells was carried out. As in valueless pearls, almost all regenerated shell NNSs consisted of calcite, but one NNS was composed of aragonite. Accordingly, it seems that pearls are formed by the same biomineralization process as shell regeneration rather than shell formation. 相似文献
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The durability of Akoya pearls is closely related to the mechanical strength of the nacre. Therefore, obtaining information about the mechanical strength of the nacre is very important in the quality control of pearls. The nacre of Akoya pearls is composed of aragonite contained within an organic matrix. The presence of the organic matrix provides mechanical strength and fracture toughness much higher than that of monolithic aragonite. In this study, we investigated the hardness and delamination strength of Akoya cultured pearls classified into four levels by “Gray Value (GV)”, a score given by a non-destructive inspection method based on UV fluorescence intensity that provides an indication of the condition of the nacre’s organic components. Pearl hardness decreased significantly with decreasing GV. Furthermore, delamination strength of the pearl surface layer was very low when the GV was very low. These results suggest that the GV indirectly represents the mechanical strength of the nacre and could be used as a non-destructive quality-control method to maintain the quality of pearls used as jewelry.
相似文献13.
流沙湾养殖华贵栉孔扇贝体色多态性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对雷州半岛西部流沙湾养殖的华贵栉孔扇贝（Chlamys nobilis）群体进行了体色多态性研究。结果显示,在调查的10个苗种来源不同、总抽样数量为5 954个个体的养殖群体中,壳色可分为6类,分别是橘黄色（62.31%）、枣褐色（14.51%）、紫白色（12.46%）、橘黄间紫色（6.43%）、紫顶枣褐色（3.46%）和黄顶紫黄色（0.82%）;6类壳色群体的闭壳肌颜色均存在白、黄2色,且白色比例均显著高于黄色,其中黄色闭壳肌比例最高的是橘黄色（18.79%）;华贵栉孔扇贝成熟的生殖腺颜色分为黄、乳白2色,分别代表雌性和雄性,性比与闭壳肌颜色相关。研究表明,华贵栉孔扇贝壳色以橘黄色为主（P〈0.05）,闭壳肌颜色以白色为主（P〈0.05）;壳色与闭壳肌颜色存在一定的相关性,带“黄”壳色个体黄色闭壳肌比例较高（P〈0.05）;黄色闭壳肌群体雌性比例显著高于雄性（P〈0.01）。 相似文献
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合浦珠母贝全同胞家系贝壳珍珠质颜色分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
合浦珠母贝（Pinctada fucata）小片贝的珍珠质颜色直接影响育珠贝所产珍珠的颜色。每个合浦珠母贝的珍珠质颜色都有自己的颜色特征值,即三刺激值和颜色参数。试验选择16个合浦珠母贝全同胞家系,用CSE成像分析色度系统测量并比较各家系左壳内侧外缘珍珠质颜色参数Lab和三刺激值,以筛选适合做插核小片贝的家系。珍珠质的颜色参数明度（L）为98.586～105.234,其中F16家系的明度最大,F3家系的明度最小;a（红绿色品）为-0.967～-6.577,b（黄蓝色品）为5.915～11.237,F14家系色品最偏向于绿色（-a）,F16家系色品最偏向于黄色（b）。F3和F14家系贝壳外缘珍珠质的色差（ΔEab）最大（7.885）,肉眼能明显觉察。16个家系的合浦珠母贝都属于白色系列,其中离白光中心最近（a2＋b2最小）且个体颜色集中的F1家系最适合用作小片贝来选育培养。 相似文献
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温度、光照强度对舌状蜈蚣藻早期发育的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
舌状蜈蚣藻（Grateloupia livida）是一种具有较高应用价值的红藻。文章研究了不同的温度（15℃、20℃、25℃和30℃）和光照强度（500 lx、2500 lx、5 000 lx和10 000 lx）对舌状蜈蚣藻早期发育的影响。试验结果表明,舌状蜈蚣藻适合果孢子发育为盘状体的条件为温度25℃、光照5 000 lx。果孢子在25~30℃条件下首先形成盘状体,15℃下形成最慢;盘状体在25℃首先长出直立枝,其次是20℃、15℃和30℃。果孢子在5 000~10 000 lx的光照强度下首先形成盘状体,2 500 lx次之;在盘状体发育过程中较高光强可以促进盘状体的生长发育,低光强培养条件显著抑制了盘状体的生长发育。 相似文献
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We exposed Akoya cultured pearls separately to heat (60–120 °C) and artificial light to investigate changes to fluorescence in the visible range and yellowing. We found that for both heat-treated and light-treated pearls, the fluorescence peak shifted from 480 to 430 nm with an increase in fluorescence intensity. This change in intensity was more prominent in heat-treated pearls, with the initial speed of increase rising with treatment temperature; treatment at 100 °C caused the greatest increase in fluorescence intensity. However, aminoguanidine suppressed the heat-induced change in the fluorescence of an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid–soluble nacreous layer matrix. These results suggest that the heated-induced changes in the fluorescence of Akoya cultured pearls were caused largely by a buildup of fluorescent advanced glycation end products through the Maillard reaction. Although heat treatment led to a large increase in fluorescence intensity of the peak at approximately 430 nm in a deoxygenized environment, hardly any change in fluorescence intensity was observed after light treatment in this environment. Moreover, a new shoulder peak appeared at about 460 nm after light treatment. These results suggest that the Maillard reaction was not a major factor in the light-induced changes in the fluorescence of Akoya cultured pearls. 相似文献
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Chengchu Liu Haiyan Zhou Yi-Cheng Su Yingsen Li Jiale Li 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(3):193-208
Hyriopsis cumingii is a freshwater mussel widely cultured in China to produce cultured pearls. However, after the pearls are harvested, the mussel is discarded. To make effective utilization of pearl production wastes, proteins were recovered from the pearl mussel meat using pH shift technology. The protein recovery conditions, chemical compositions, and functional properties of the recovered protein were investigated. Results show that the proteins could be well extracted from the meat by 5 volumes of alkali water (pH 11, 20°C, 1 h) followed by acidic precipitation (pH 5.2). The recovered product contained 94.7% of protein with high levels of essential and semiessential amino acids (48.9%). The most abundant essential amino acid was sulfur-containing amino acids (12.82%), followed by lysine (8.89%), phenylalanine (4.69%), and threonine (4.37%). Compared with soybean protein isolate and egg protein, the recovered protein had better water/oil absorption capability, better foaming ability, and similar emulsion capability. These results suggest that the protein isolated from the pearl mussel meat might be utilized as ingredients for the food industries. 相似文献
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在水温9.0~16.0℃下,进行了2个室内受控实验,研究不同强度和颜色的光对仿刺参幼参（Apostichopus japonicus Selenka（）体质量0.10~0.17 g）聚集行为的影响。实验1：将仿刺参幼参放在覆以黑色塑料布的白色塑料水槽（50 cm×40 cm×30 cm）中,在距水槽7 cm的一端分别放置15 W、25 W、40 W、60 W和100 W的白炽灯泡,连续照射24 h,每隔2 h观察、记录仿刺参在水槽中不同区域的分布。实验2：在微流水的循环水槽中央的大方槽中放50头大小均一的健康仿刺参幼参,水槽底部有1.5 cm高的空隙与两侧的6个小方槽相通。5个小方槽中上方分别放红、黄、绿、蓝、白色的节能灯,波长分别为639、587、548和435 nm,另一个小方槽中无光照作对照。在循环水槽上方加盖不透光的厚纸板,12 h光照＋12 h黑暗,每隔3 h观察记录仿刺参在各小方槽中的数量,4 d为一个实验周期,重复8次。结果表明：在实验光照强度下,仿刺参均在距光源最远的Ⅳ区域中数目较多,其中40 W（光照强度为12~19 lx）时聚集的最多。仿刺参在红色光区的聚集数目明显高于其它光色区,其中红光与蓝光、白光差异极显著（P〈0.01）,红光与黑暗对照差异显著（P〈0.05）,白光与绿光差异显著（P〈0.05）。实验发现,红色光为仿刺参敏感的光色。 相似文献
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采用酸水解法测定野生江鳕（Lota lota）的肌肉氨基酸含量,分析其氨基酸的种类与比例,并对其营养成分进行评价。结果表明：江鳕肌肉中含有17种氨基酸,总含量为（72.43±1.16）%（干样）,其中7种为人体必需氨基酸（EAA）,总量为（29.82±0.57）%,占氨基酸总量的41.17%,其中必需氨基酸的组成比例与联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织（FAO/WHO）的标准相符。江鳕的第一限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸＋胱氨酸,4种鲜味氨基酸（DAA）总量为（28.34±0.35）%（干样）。必需氨基酸指数（EAAI）为62.58。研究表明：江鳕含有丰富的氨基酸具有很高的营养价值和保健作用。 相似文献