共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 500 毫秒
1.
普通菜豆品种苗期抗旱性鉴定 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
以不同来源的普通菜豆品种为材料,采用盆栽法,设正常供水和反复干旱2种处理,测定11项生理指标,采用灰色关联度理论进行苗期抗旱性指标筛选,通过加权抗旱指数(weighted drought-resistance index,WDI值)和抗旱度量值D(drought resistance comprehensive evaluation values,D值)对供试材料进行抗旱性综合评价并通过聚类分析划分抗旱等级。结果表明,不同指标与综合抗旱指数的关联度大小依次为叶片相对含水量(0.7726)、PSII最大量子产量(0.7607)、叶绿素含量(0.7435)、反复干旱存活率(0.7341)、生物量(0.7329)、茎叶干重(0.7314)、根干重(0.7192)、气孔导度(0.7159)、根冠比(0.7092)、株高(0.7086)、叶面积(0.6910)。基于加权抗旱指数和抗旱度量值D的评价结果存在一定差异,但不同材料的抗旱性排序大体一致。根据抗旱度量值D将供试材料分为高抗、中抗、敏感和高敏感4个级别,各占总数的10%、6%、58%和26%。综上所述,叶片相对含水量、PSII最大量子产量和叶绿素含量等10项指标可用于普通菜豆苗期抗旱性综合评价;加权抗旱指数与抗旱度量值D两种综合指标相结合能够提高鉴定结果的可靠性;50个参试普通菜豆品种中,白金德利豆、跃进豆、兔子腿、圆白菜豆和260205抗旱性强。 相似文献
2.
不同抗旱性花生品种根系形态及生理特性 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以12个花生品种为试验材料, 在人工控水条件下, 通过苗期及结荚期干旱试验, 对比分析花生品种苗期根系性状与抗旱性的关系。结果表明, 花生苗期与结荚期抗旱性基本一致。利用产量抗旱系数可把12个花生品种的抗旱性划分为强、中、弱3级, 抗旱性强的品种为A596、山花11和如皋西洋生, 中度抗旱品种为花育20、农大818、海花1号、山花9号和79266, 抗旱性弱的品种有ICG6848、白沙1016、花17和蓬莱一窝猴。山花11可作为花生强抗旱性鉴定的标准品种, 79266可作为花生弱抗旱性鉴定的标准品种。山花9号、山花11、花育20的根系抗旱机制为较大的根量及根系吸收能力, 而A596、如皋西洋生、农大818、山花11为较强的根系抗氧化能力及膜稳定性。相关分析表明, 苗期重度干旱胁迫下的单株根系干重、体积、总吸收面积、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量与品种抗旱系数的相关性达极显著水平, 对照与重度干旱胁迫下的以上性状呈极显著正相关。因此, 在花生出苗后10 d进行40%土壤相对含水量的干旱胁迫, 持续胁迫至出苗24 d的单株根系干重、体积、总吸收面积、根尖SOD活性和MDA含量可鉴定花生品种的根系抗旱能力, 正常水分下的性状值也能反映根系性状的抗旱级别。山花11可作为花生根系形态及生理优异抗旱性状鉴定的标准品种。 相似文献
3.
为了解内蒙古地方辣椒品种间抗旱性差异并选育抗旱辣椒品种,本研究以3个辣椒品种为试验材料,在生长期采用PEG-6000水培模式模拟辣椒苗期干旱胁迫,测定干旱胁迫后辣椒苗期地上部分和地下部分长势、叶片中叶绿素相对含量、渗透调节物含量以及抗氧化酶活性等,研究不同辣椒品种对干旱胁迫的生理响应及抗旱性。结果表明,PEG-6000不同浓度干旱胁迫对不同辣椒品种的各项生理生化指标影响存在差异,辣椒地下部分对干旱胁迫的敏感度高于地上部分,随着干旱胁迫的加剧叶绿素相对含量与对照相比均呈现不同程度下降趋势,脯氨酸和丙二醛含量则呈现上升趋势,不同抗氧化酶活性均随着干旱胁迫加剧而逐渐上升,但是这些指标在不同辣椒品种间也存在显著差异。由于通过单一指标分析抗旱性存在片面性,因此我们采用隶属函数值法综合分析3个辣椒品种的抗旱性,结果显示‘鹿椒十九号’抗旱性最强,其次是‘鹿椒一号’,最后是‘慧丰九号’。本研究通过干旱模拟试验筛选出‘鹿椒十九号’是抗旱性较强的辣椒品种,为后期内蒙古自治区抗旱辣椒的选育和种植提供参考。 相似文献
4.
干旱胁迫下不同燕麦品种光合荧光特性及其抗旱性评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《种子》2021,(2)
为研究水分胁迫下不同燕麦品种的抗旱性差异,明确不同燕麦品种在水分胁迫下的光合、荧光生理响应机制及其与燕麦抗旱性的相关性,设置干旱胁迫和充分灌水两种处理,分别在抽穗和开花两个时期对6个燕麦品种的光合、荧光等生理指标进行测定,在成熟期对6个燕麦品种的经济性状和产量性状进行测定,并对不同生理指标和抗旱性间的相关性进行分析。结果表明,在抽穗期和开花期,干旱胁迫导致胞间CO_2浓度、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、光合速率下降,且开花期受影响较为严重。水分胁迫导致Fo增加,Fm、Fv、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo下降;隶属函数综合分析结果表明,0905-12-14为强抗旱型品种,张莜14号为抗旱型品种,张燕1号、张燕4号为中抗型品种,张燕3号、张莜7号为弱抗型品种;抽穗和开花期干旱胁迫下,产量性状和光合参数间的相关性较强,且光合速率和品种抗旱性间的相关性较强。充分灌溉条件下,产量性状和品种抗旱性与叶绿素荧光参数间有较强的相关性。综合分析表明,抗旱性强的品种对干旱胁迫的适应调节能力强,0905-12-14抗旱性最强,张燕3号、张莜7号抗旱性最弱,利用光合指标、抗旱系数、抗旱指数、敏感指数可作为燕麦抗旱性初步鉴定的指标。 相似文献
5.
甘薯品种抗旱性生理指标及其综合评价初探 总被引：75，自引：1，他引：75
采用土壤干旱和室内ＰＥＧ水分胁迫测定相结合的办法，研究有关生理指标与甘薯抗旱性关系，结果表明，水分胁迫下伴随着叶片相对含水量（ＲＷＣ）的明显下降，丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量显著增加，质膜相对透性（ＲＰＰ）急剧上升，而过氧化氢酶ＣＡＴ活性迅速下降；抗旱性强的品种叶片ＲＰＰ和ＭＤＡ的增加幅度显著你芋不抗旱品种，而前者叶片ＲＷＣ和ＣＡＴ活性的下速度显著慢于后者，并具有比后者较强的渗透调节能力，中等抗旱品种介乎 相似文献
6.
甜菜幼苗叶片抗氧化系统对干旱胁迫的响应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
《作物杂志》2017,(5)
以抗旱性不同的甜菜品种HI0466和KWS9454为供试材料,在不同水分处理条件下研究了甜菜抗氧化系统生理指标对苗期不同程度水分亏缺的响应机制及其与甜菜抗旱性的关系。结果表明:持续水分胁迫下甜菜幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等保护酶活性及抗氧化物质还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、抗坏血酸(AsA)含量基本呈现出先升高后下降的趋势,而类胡萝卜素(Car)含量逐步降低。由于抗旱甜菜品种在水分胁迫下各生理指标具有增幅大或降幅较小的特征,因此在胁迫加重时抗旱甜菜品种可维持较高的SOD、POD、CAT活性及Car、AsA含量,以降低膜质过氧化程度,使得其丙二醛(MDA)含量维持在较低水平,但在品种间差异明显。主成分分析结果表明,干旱胁迫条件下SOD、POD活性,MDA、AsA含量均可作为甜菜品种苗期抗旱性鉴定的有效生理指标。 相似文献
7.
8.
大豆抗旱性与生理生态指标关系的研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
以抗旱性不同的5个大豆品种为材料,采用盆栽播种,分别在花荚期正常供水与水分胁迫条件下,测定了相对含水量、相对电导率、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重、分枝数等与品种抗旱性相关的生理生态指标,并用隶属函数法对材料进行抗旱性综合评价。结果表明：品种综合抗旱性强弱为晋大73>晋大53>晋大52>晋大76>晋大75。 相似文献
9.
《分子植物育种》2021,19(14):4820-4835
为了解16份小麦种质材料的苗期抗旱性和耐盐性,本研究分别以20%PEG-6000溶液和0.20 mol/L NaCl溶液模拟干旱胁迫和盐胁迫,对其抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素含量、细胞质膜透性、苗长、根系性状、生物量等指标进行测定,应用隶属函数、因子分析和聚类分析等方法综合评价小麦苗期抗旱性和耐盐性。结果表明,在胁迫处理下,小麦的苗长、总根长、总根面积、总根体积、根鲜重、苗鲜重、根干重、苗干重和叶绿素含量均低于对照;细胞质膜透性的损伤程度均大于对照,但盐胁迫下损伤更为严重;抗氧化酶(SOD, POD, CAT)活性升高,且在干旱条件下SOD和CAT酶活性的增加量均高于盐胁迫。相关性分析表明各性状隶属函数值均值与总根面积和总根体积的相关性最大,因子分析表明总根面积、总根体积和苗干重可以作为小麦苗期抗旱性和耐盐性的综合评价指标。通过对16份种质材料进行综合评价最终筛选出3份苗期抗旱性和耐盐性均较高的小麦品种(‘40IBWSN93’,‘甘春25号’和‘MSN2’)和3份对干旱和盐胁迫敏感的小麦品种(‘京临春’,‘巴084123’和‘D39M1153’),为培育抗旱耐盐小麦新种质和挖掘小麦抗旱耐盐基因提供基础材料。 相似文献
10.
为丰富贵州大豆抗旱种质资源,为大豆抗旱育种和栽培提供理论依据,本研究采用人工控水盆栽试验,研究20份贵州春大豆种质资源的叶片光合速率、水分相对含量、保护酶活性和叶片组织伤害程度4大类共10个生理指标对干旱胁迫的响应,并通过隶属函数法对20份大豆种质资源进行生理抗旱性综合评价。结果表明,干旱胁迫下不同大豆种质资源叶片光合速率降低5.84%~71.46%、叶绿素相对含量损失0.40%?37.33%、叶片相对含水量损失12.49%?41.09%、叶片水分利用效率增加11.42%?99.66%;过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分别增加11.06%?98.94%、6.12%?332.14%、0.14%?302.90%;脯氨酸大量积累59.36%~359.18%、丙二醛含量增加0.49%?63.44%,膜脂过氧化作用明显,干旱胁迫对不同大豆种质资源叶片组织细胞膜透性的伤害度为4.27%?94.36%。20份大豆种质资源中,黔豆08014的平均隶属函数值最高,为0.6096,其次是黔豆2014-36(0.5416)和黔豆2014-10(0.5157),表现出较强的抗旱性:黔豆2014-155、黔豆2014-198的平均隶属函数值最低,均低于0.3000,表现出较弱的抗旱性。筛选出黔豆08014、黔豆2014-36、黔豆2014-107三份抗旱性较强的大豆种质资源,可为大豆抗旱育种及栽培工作提供理论依据,对贵州大豆抗旱育种具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
11.
为了研究烤烟新品种豫烟1 3号的抗旱性,以主栽品种中烟100为对照品种,采用盆栽试验研究了干旱胁迫对农艺性状、地上部鲜重、干重、根系指标、酶活性和产量的影响.结果表明,干旱条件下,中烟100和豫烟13号株高和茎围明显降低;干旱对根、茎、叶干重影响较大,直接影响单株产量,干旱条件下2个品种产量显著低于正常供水处理,与中烟100相比,豫烟13号产量受干旱影响程度较小;与中烟100相比较,干旱务件下豫烟13号酶活性增加幅度大.综合各指标来看,豫烟13号抗旱能力优于中烟100. 相似文献
12.
The growth behaviour of Dekama (drought tolerant) and Kufri Jyoti (drought susceptible) was studied using potted plants maintained at well watered condition and water deficit condition respectively. Periodic harvestings were done starting from 50 days after planting till maturity. Recordings of plant height, leaf area, dry weights of different plant parts, the proportion of thinner and thicker roots, stomatal conductance and water saturation deficit were obtained. The plant height, leaf area and dry weight of shoot decreased to nearly the same extent in both the cultivars under stress. The stomatal conductance decreased by 61.7 % in Dekama and by 64 % in Kufri Jyoti due to water stress. Water saturation deficit increased by about 80 % in both the cultivars. The ratios of root to shoot and that of thinner to thicker root increased due to stress in both cultivars and this increase was 85 % and 71 % in Dekama and 64 % and 19 % in Kufri Jyoti respectively. The distribution of dry matter to leaf, stem, root were more at the expense of tuber under stress conditions in both cultivars. However, the tolerant cultivar Dekama got adjusted to the stress condition, with more dry matter partitioned to tubers in the last two samplings. The study points out the factors responsible for better drought tolerance of Dekama compared to Kufri Jyoti and the possible physiological traits useful for selecting drought tolerant cultivars. 相似文献
13.
Seyyed Gholam Reza Moosavi Seyyed Hamid Reza Ramazani Saeid Sadeghzadeh Hemayati Hamid Gholizade 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2017,20(3):167-174
To study the effects of different levels of drought stress on root yield and some morpho-physiological traits of sugar beet genotypes, a study was conducted in the research farm of Islamic Azad University of Birjand, Iran in 2013 as strip-split plot experiments based on randomized complete block design. Different levels of drought stress were considered as vertical factor in three levels including normal irrigation, moderate stress, and severe stress. Horizontal factor was assigned to five varieties of sugar beet. Drought stress had a significant effect on root dry weight, total dry weight, root yield, and leaf temperature at 1% probability level and on leaf dry weight, crown dry weight, and harvest index at 5% probability level. Drought stress had an adverse effect on root yield of investigated genotypes of sugar beet. Under normal conditions, the mean of root yield was higher than middle and severe drought stress. Different investigated genotypes of sugar beet responded to drought stress based on their yield potential. The highest positive correlation of root yield was observed with root dry weight (r=0.977**). Stepwise regression analysis and path coefficient analysis showed that root dry weight and petiole dry weight are the most important traits that can affect root yield of sugar beet under drought stress and can used as selection criteria in investigated cultivars of sugar beet. Finally, 7221 genotypes can be considered as tolerant genotypes in the next studies. In comparison, Jolgeh cultivar (as susceptible control) yielded well in areas with normal irrigation, but under moderate and severely stresses its root yield was reduced. 相似文献
14.
《European Journal of Agronomy》2006,24(3):236-246
The effect of terminal drought on the dry matter production, seed yield and its components including pod production and pod abortion was investigated in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Two desi (with small, angular and dark brown seeds) and two kabuli (with large, rounded and light coloured seeds) chickpea cultivars differing in seed size were grown in a controlled-temperature greenhouse, and water stress was applied by withholding irrigation 1 (early podding water stress, ES), 2 (mid-podding water stress, MS) or 3 (late-podding water stress, LS) weeks after the commencement of pod set. In addition, the pod and seed growth of well-watered plants was followed for the first 19 days after pod set. Growth of the pod wall followed a sigmoid pattern and was faster in the desi than in the kabuli cultivars, while no difference was found in early seed growth among genotypes. Time of pod set affected the yield components in all treatments with the late-initiated pods being smaller, having fewer seeds per pod and smaller seeds, but no significant difference between pods initiated on the same day on the primary and secondary branches was observed. Early stress affected biomass and seed yield more severely than the later stresses, and in all stress treatments secondary branches were more affected than primary ones. Pod production was more affected by early stress than by late stress, regardless of cultivar. Pod abortion was more severe in the kabuli than in the desi cultivars, but final seed size per se did not appear to be a determinant of pod abortion under terminal drought conditions. The data indicated that the production and viability of pods was affected as soon as water deficits began to develop. The results show that pod abortion is one of the key traits impacting on seed yield in chickpeas exposed to terminal drought and that irrespective of differences in phenology, kabuli types have greater pod abortion than desi types when water deficits develop shortly after first pod set. 相似文献
15.
类芦根系对不同强度干旱胁迫的形态学响应 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
为了探讨类芦根系对干旱胁迫逆境的响应规律,为其在水土流失区推广和应用提供科学理论依据,以水土保持先锋植物类芦为研究对象,通过4个不同干旱强度胁迫的盆栽试验,测定不同干旱处理对类芦根系生物量和根系形态指标。结果表明：不同干旱强度胁迫处理,类芦根系总长度、表面积、平均直径、根系生物量的差异明显,而根体积差异较小。在不同程度干旱胁迫下,根体积、根平均直径随着干旱胁迫程度增加逐渐减小,且均比充足供水的小;而类芦根系总长度、根表面积、根系生物量、根冠比均比充足供水的大,中度干旱胁迫条件下（田间持水量40%±5%）,类芦的根系长度、根表面积、根系生物量、地上部生物量、根冠比均为最大。类芦具有庞大的根系,抗旱和耐旱能力强;类芦根系增强延伸能力、扩大与土壤接触面积是对干旱逆境的形态学响应机制之一。 相似文献
16.
ZHANG Hai-Yan WANG Bao-Qing FENG Xiang-Yang LI Guang-Liang XIE Bei-Tao DONG Shun-Xu DUAN Wen-Xue ZHANG Li-Ming 《作物学报》1962,46(11):1760-1770
Field experiments were conducted using two sweet potato cultivars (Jishu 21, a drought-tolerant cultivar, and Jizishu 1, a drought-sensitive cultivar) with four water treatments to investigate the effects of drought treatments at different growth stages on growth and the activity of osmotic adjustment in sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.], including well-watered treatment during the whole growth period (WW, control), drought stress during the establishment stage (DS1), drought stress during the storage root initial stage (DS2), and drought stress during the storage root bulking stage (DS3). Drought stress resulted in significant decrease of fresh weight of storage roots in sweet potato. Compared with drought stress in different periods, drought stress during the establishment stage (DS1) decreased the fresh weight most. Compared between cultivars, drought-sensitive cultivar decreased the fresh weight most. The average in three years, compared with the control, the fresh weight of drought-tolerant cultivar (Jishu 21) and drought-sensitive cultivar (Jizishu 1) decreased 28.59% and 38.77% in DS1 treatment, respectively, while 25.20% and 33.50% in DS2 treatment, respectively and 14.55% and 19.56% in DS3 treatment, respectively. Drought stress resulted in significant decrease of biomass of storage roots in sweet potato. One hundred days after planting, compared with the control, the biomass of aboveground part of Jishu 21 in DS1, DS2, and DS3 decreased 32.68%, 20.79%, and 11.72%, respectively, while Jizishu 1 decreased 46.45%, 31.89%, and 18.43%, respectively. The biomass of underground part of Jishu 21 in DS1, DS2, and DS3 decreased 37.69%, 25.86%, and 10.67%, respectively, while Jizishu 1 decreased 54.34%, 33.48%, and 14.20%, respectively. Under drought stress, the relative water content of functional leaves decreased, and the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, free amino acid and proline in functional leaves, fibrous roots and storage roots increased. The earlier the application of drought stress, the greater the decrease or increase. The effects of drought stress applied at early stages on osmotic adjustment could not be effectively recovered after re-watering, while the osmotic adjustment could be recovered to the control level after re-watering when drought stress was applied at later stage. 相似文献
17.
为筛选甜菜苗期抗旱种质资源及确定抗旱指标。本研究以国家甜菜种质中期库提供的24份甜菜种质资源为材料,采用PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫的方法,以正常生长条件的Hoagland水培溶液(CK)为对照,对甜菜幼苗进行7天的6% PEG-6000处理,并测定地上部和地下部的表型指标。结果表明,干旱胁迫对叶鲜重、根鲜重、叶饱和鲜重和叶干重的影响较大,降幅均超过50%;且干旱胁迫后甜菜种质根冠比明显增加。聚类分析将24份甜菜种质分为四类,其中ZT000516单独为一类,是抗旱性最强的种质资源;第二类为抗旱性较强的种质分别为ZT000078、ZT000547、ZT000247;第三类为中等抗旱型种质共7份;第四类为抗旱性弱种质共13份,其中ZT001698、ZT001398为干旱高度敏感型种质资源。通过逐步回归分析筛选出叶干重和叶饱和鲜重与D值极显著相关。ZT000516为抗旱性强种质资源,ZT001698、ZT001398为干旱敏感型种质资源,叶干重和叶饱和鲜重可以作为甜菜苗期干旱胁迫快速准确地鉴定指标。 相似文献
18.
本研究以马铃薯品种(品系)‘克新一号’、‘夏坡蒂’、‘K1’和‘K2’组培苗为试验材料,以不同浓度的甘露醇和山梨醇模拟干旱胁迫,研究干旱胁迫对马铃薯组培苗生育进程及试管薯产量的影响。结果表明:在遭受干旱胁迫下,不同马铃薯品种的叶片数、株高均会随干旱胁迫而降低;不同马铃薯品种叶和茎干物质量的变化随着干旱胁迫程度的加重而出现不同程度的降低趋势;不同品种马铃薯的试管薯结薯总数与大中薯率随着干旱胁迫程度的增加出现降低趋势,低浓度(0.1 mol/L)的甘露醇和山梨醇会诱导结薯提前,推测可能是马铃薯面临干旱胁迫的一种应对机制。本研究结果可为马铃薯节水抗旱技术研究及抗旱品种筛选提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献