共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Thirty-three populations of Andigena potatoes developed by 11 × 3 (line × tester) mating were studied from seedling to third
clonal generations for number of tubers, average tuber weight, tuber yield, plant vigour, predominant tuber shape, predominant
tuber size and uniformity in tuber shape, uniformity in tuber size and uniformity in tuber colour. Inter-generation correlation
coefficients for progeny means, general combining ability, specific combining ability, heterosis and heterobeltiosis were
computed for various characters. Magnitude of inter-generation correlation coefficients showed that various parameters for
uniformity in tuber shape, uniformity in tuber size, uniformity in tuber colour, predominant tuber shape and predominant tuber
size could be reliably estimated in early generations starting from the seedling generation. The parameters for tuber yield,
average tuber weight and tuber number could only be reliably estimated from second clonal generation onward. Repeatability
of progeny means showed that negative selection for tuber yield and average tuber weight could be initiated from first clonal
generation and for tuber number from second clonal generation. Plant vigour was found to be a highly inconsistent character. 相似文献
2.
10个玉米自交系穗部性状的配合力分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用5×5不完全双列杂交设计,对10个玉米自交系的单株产量等7个性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力进行了分析。结果表明:交51、7922、丹340、自330有较高的一般配合力,黄早四×7922、自330×木4、Mo17×5331、丹340×095、32×7922、自330×交51和丹340×交51有较高的特殊配合力。在所有杂交组合中,丹340×交51的产量最高,丹340×095、自330×交51的产量次之,这3个组合可作为潜势组合进一步试验。在选择性状时,玉米穗长、穗粗、穗行数和单株产量宜早代选择,行粒数、出籽率、百粒重宜晚代选择。 相似文献
3.
用目前生产上使用的7个骨干自交系为母本,以19个玉米远缘杂交选系为父本,按7×19不完全双列杂交模式配制133个杂交组合,分析其主要性状的配合力效应和遗传参数。配合力效应分析表明,不同材料及其不同性状的一般配合力效应表现复杂。在19个选系中,1183的单株产量、穗粗和穗行数一般配合力(GCA)效应表现突出,均为正向值最大,其次为1164、1157和1193。不同组合及其不同性状的特殊配合力(SCA)效应差异也较大,其中组合K389×1162和156×1193单株产量SCA效应较大。遗传参数研究表明,产量及产量组成性状加性效应远比非加性效应重要,在实践中应注意选用一般配合力效应较高的亲本来配制组合,此类性状中穗粗和穗行数的狭义遗传力最高,达70%以上;穗长和秃尖长相对较低,低于40%,其余性状居中,界于50%～70%。因此在实践中对穗粗和穗行数进行早代选择较为有效。 相似文献
4.
粳稻不同生态类型间F1的杂种优势及其亲本的配合力分析 总被引：24，自引：5，他引：24
用8个不同生态类型的粳稻品种配成8×8双列杂交,研究8个重要农艺性状的杂种优势以及亲本的配合力。结果表明,不同生态类型间杂种F1 各性状的优势有正有负。56个F1组合平均, 小区产量性状表现19.5%的高亲优势, F1小区产量超过高亲值的组合占87.5%,其余7个性状的F1值位于中亲值与高亲值之间。 在不同生态类型所构成的总体中,株高、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数和小区产量4个性状的加性遗传方差和非加性遗传方差同等重要;抽穗期、穗长、单株有效穗3个性状的加性遗传方差更重要;千粒重性状非加性遗传方差更为重要。小区产量和产量构成因素一般配合力效应和特殊配合力效应方差较大的亲本是秀水04和3726;特殊配合力效应大且综合性状优良的组合是越光/秀水04。 相似文献
5.
几个玉米骨干自交系主要性状的配合力分析 总被引：11，自引：9，他引：11
8个骨干自交系按griffing双列杂交4设计,配成28个单交组合。采用完全随机区组设计进行试验,分析了生育期、株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、出籽率、千粒重、单株粒重、小区产量等11个农艺性状的一般配合力(GCA)、特殊配合力(SCA)和遗传变量。结果表明,除生育期的SCA外,其余各性状的GCA和SCA都有显著或极显著差异。自交系8112、(素1×吉840)2222、云1-7、M丹1512的多数性状GCA较好,SCA表现较好的有8112×M丹1522、云1-7×M丹1522、云1-7×M丹1512、云143×M丹1512等组合。表现好的组合符合温带种质×热导系、地方选系×热导系的杂优模式。 相似文献
6.
Naqib Ullah Khan Gul Hassan Moula Bux Kumbhar Khan Bahadar Marwat Muhammad Azim Khan Aisha Parveen Muhammad Saeed 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,29(1):108-115
Combining ability and heterosis were studied in a 6 × 6 diallel cross to see the nature of gene action in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) during 2002 to 2004. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among all the F1 and F2 hybrid means and their respective six parental values for all the traits examined. In both generations, the mean squares due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were also highly significant. SCA genetic variances were greater than GCA and more important for the traits, i.e. boll weight, boll number and seed cotton yield per plant, showing the predominance of non-additive gene action. Lint % in both generations and boll weight in F2s only were controlled by additive type of gene action due to maximum GCA variances. Cultivar CIM-1100 was found to be the best general combiner and its utilization produced valuable hybrids with desirable SCA in both generations. F1 and F2 hybrids, viz., CIM-1100 × CRIS-9, CIM-1100 × FH-682, CIM-1100 × BH-36 and CIM-109 × CIM-1100 as high × low and low × high parents performed well in SCA determination, outstanding mean performance and heterosis. Better SCA effects associated with useful heterosis were more pronounced for yield traits. In F1 hybrids, maximum heterosis was observed for seed cotton yield followed by boll number, boll weight and lint %. The heterosis over better parent was +3.13 to +65.63% for bolls per plant, +0.75 to +24.40% for boll weight, +0.82 to +115.22% for seed cotton yield and +0.27 to +3.88% for lint %. Involvement of CIM-1100 in most of the F1 and F2 hybrids resulted in the synthesis of superior genotypes for most of the traits studied. Inbreeding depression was elevated in good performing hybrids and was the highest for seed cotton yield. Highest yielding F1 hybrids yielded lesser in the subsequent generation due to over-dominance and inbreeding depression, whereas moderate yielding F1 hybrids were found more stable even passing through process of segregation due to additive gene action. The combined performance of F1 and F2 hybrids could be a good indicator to identify the most promising populations to be utilized either as F2 hybrids or as a resource population for further selection. 相似文献
7.
本试验采用6个母本与5个父本,按照不完全双列杂交设计配制30个杂交组合,并产生无性一代。无性一代块茎还原糖和干物质含量的研究结果如下:(1)两性状的狭义遗传力分别为31%和18%;(2)通过选择淀粉、产量来间接选择干物质含量具有较大可能性;(3)从T×N类型的杂交组合中选育低还原糖及高干物质含量的品种不会很困准;(4)T8024和N2176对于选育低还原糖及高干物质含量有较好的一般配合力。 相似文献
8.
21份玉米抗冷自交系配合力的分析及利用 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
本文以“八五”期间筛选的21份玉米抗冷自交系为被测系,采用NCⅡ交配设计的原理和方法,研究了12个性状的配合力及其群体遗传参数。结果表明：被测系各性状的一般配合力方差均达极显著水平。吉880等5个自交系的综合性状较优,可在育种中直接利用;而吉906等4个自交系的综合性状较差,需改良后方可利用;其余自交系部分性状的一般配合力较优,可用来改良其它自交系或作为选育二环系的基础材料。被测系多数性状的一般配合力方差大于特殊配合力方差,且多数性状的遗传力小于50%,环境方差偏大。 相似文献
9.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):366-371
SummaryTo estimate the general and specific combining ability for direct seeding in flooded paddy field, we completed a 4 × 3 factorial crossing (design II) in 1998, and evaluated the 12 F1 hybrids and their 7 parents, including selected lines for yield, yield components and culm traits in 1999. Generally, parents with good combining ability produce good lines in later generations. Therefore, the basic information about the general combining ability (GGA) and specific combining ability (SGA) is valuable for breeding cultivars. The effect of GGA was significant for culm length, culm thickness, panicle length, 1000-grain weight and grain yield, which indicated the importance of the additive effects of the genes for these traits. The effects of dominant genes were significant for culm length, culm thickness and grain yield, indicating that these traits were also controlled by nonadditive gene actions. Mid-parent heterosis ranged from -16.3% to 37% with an average value of 17.3% for grain yield, and from -1.7% to 30.0% with an average value of 13% for culm length, and from -6.1% to 23.9% with an average value of 4.2% for culm thickness. Some parents with positive GCA for yield, culm thickness and panicle length were identified. They would be useful for developing cultivars adapted to direct-seeding in flooded paddy fields. 相似文献
10.
11.
Mohammad H. FOTOKIAN Kayvan AGAHI 《水稻科学》2014,21(5):282-287
A study of combining ability for improving rice cooking quality was carried out via genotype plus genotype x environment （GGE） biplot. Four restorer lines and three male sterile lines were used to obtain F1 in a line x tester trial at the Rice Research Institute, Amol, Iran in 2009. GGE biplot analysis showed that Neda and IR56 were the best general combiners for amylose content （AC）, whereas Nemat and IR28 had the highest general combining ability （GCA） effects for gelatinization temperature （GT）, and IR58 and IR59 showed the highest GCA effects in terms of gel consistency （GC）. Meanwhile IR58 and IR59 showed large specific combining ability （SCA） effects for AC, while Neda and SA13 had high SCA effects for GT. Nemat and IR28 had large SCA effects for GC. Because intermediate levels ofAC, GT and GC are ideal, Nemat × IR59 was considered as the best possible cross. Based on these results, the GGE biplot showed good potential for identifying suitable parents, heterotic crosses and the best hybrids in line x tester data. 相似文献
12.
采用人工接种鉴定法评价72份玉米自交系对丝黑穗病的抗性。在72份自交系中高抗系18个,占25%;抗病系15个,占20.8%;中抗系12个,占16.7%。采用双列杂交方法 4的遗传交配设计,对其中11份自交系的抗病力进行配合力分析及遗传参数估算。结果表明,917-1、4F1和吉818的GCA负效应较大,昌7-2、黄早四和长3的GCA正效应较大;吉818×黄早四、917-1×黄早四、吉818×昌7-2、KD-13×昌7-2组合具有显著的负效应,黄早四×昌7-2和917-1×吉818组合具有显著正效应。玉米抗丝黑穗病基因的加性效应和显性效应同时存在,加性效应占主导。选育杂交种时不仅要考虑双亲的一般配合力,也要注重其特殊配合力的作用。要选育中抗以上类型杂交种,其双亲之一必须为抗病系。 相似文献
13.
杂交水稻不同细胞质源的配合力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以6个恢复系做测验系,用系×测验系分析法比较了水稻4个同核异质系[珍汕97B,D(汕)A,G(汕)A和W(汕)A]主要性状的配合力。胞质一般配合力方差(GCA)和特殊配合力方差(SCA)表明,在所测性状中,胞质基因对11个性状、核质互作对6个性状效应明显;不育胞质对多数性状表现负效应,可育胞质表现正效应;大多数性状的核基因组变异大于胞质基因组变异。不育胞质的一般配合力负效应可通过一些育种途径予以降低,胞质基因组是水稻目标性状改良的重要遗传资源。 相似文献
14.
YANG Ya-jun DONG Bi-qin XU Hong-xing ZHENG Xu-song K. L. HEONG LU Zhong-xian 《水稻科学》2014,21(3):181-186
A population of rice brown planthopper(BPH) Nilaparvata lugens collected from a paddy field in Hangzhou was successively reared on susceptible rice Taichung Native 1(TN1) in a laboratory free from insecticides for more than 14 generations. The changes in susceptibility to insecticides and ecological fitness on different resistant rice varieties were monitored in each generation. The resistance ratio to imidacloprid sharply declined with the succession of rearing generations without insecticides from 359.94-fold at F1 to 6.50-fold at F14 compared with the susceptible strain, and the resistance ratio to chlorpyrifos was from 9.90-fold at F1 to 5.94-fold at F14. Nymphal duration and weights of newly hatched female adults were significantly affected by rice variety, generation and their interactions, but nymphal survival was significantly affected by the generation only. The ratio of brachypterous adults in males was affected by the generation and generation × variety interaction, whereas no difference was found in females. Nymphal duration extended with increasing generations, and the female nymphal duration was shorter in the susceptible variety TN1 than those in the resistant varieties IR26 and IR36. In addition, the female adult weight in TN1 was higher than those in IR26 and IR36. These results indicated that the resistance of field BPH population to insecticides was reversed after several generations of no-exposure to insecticides, and the ecological fitness in TN1 was higher than those in IR26 and IR36. These findings suggested the rational and reduced use of insecticides in combination with the manipulation of resistant rice varieties would be effective for BPH management. 相似文献
15.
为了探讨黄淮南部和黄淮北部麦区小麦品种间的杂种优势以及主要农艺性状的遗传特性,以黄淮南部麦区的8个小麦品种和黄淮北部麦区的7个小麦品种为亲本配制56个不完全双列杂交组合,对亲本及杂交组合的9个农艺性状进行杂种优势、配合力及遗传特性分析。结果表明：（1）株高、千粒重和结实小穗数的平均中亲优势较高,单株粒数和穗粒数的平均中亲优势为负向优势,各性状均出现了中亲优势较高的组合,说明黄淮麦区不同生态区小麦品种间具有较强的杂种优势。（2）临Y8012、周麦27和邯生923单株粒重的一般配合力效应最高,其他农艺性状的一般配合力也基本上表现优秀,用作亲本可进一步提高组合的产量。单株粒重特殊配合力较高的组合为百农207×临Y8012、秋乐2122×邯生923、周麦27×济麦39、浚2016×冀麦181、周麦17×冀麦181。组合百农207×临Y8012、周麦27×邯生923和周麦27×济麦39两个亲本的一般配合力效应及特殊配合力效应均比较高,为本研究中的最优组合。（3）株高和千粒重的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力都较高,说明这两个性状加性效应较大且受环境影响较小,直接对这两个性状进行选择可取得良好的效果;单株粒重的广义遗传力较高,但其狭义遗传力较低,非加性方差成分占优势,因而对单株粒重直接选择效果不太显著,需要通过其他相关性状来辅助选择。 相似文献
16.
12个粳稻新不育系的配合力及利用价值评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以12个新育成的BT型粳稻不育系和8个恢复系为亲本,采用p×q不完全双列杂交(NCⅡ)设计,对其F1代13个农艺性状的配合力进行了分析。除单株穗数的特殊配合力方差不显著外,所有性状的一般配合力方差和特殊配合力方差均达到极显著水平。所测性状主要受亲本一般配合力的影响,主穗实粒数、结实率、单株产量和收获指数受组合特殊配合力的作用较突出。穗长、穗颈长、结实率和收获指数受不育系的影响较大,其余性状均受恢复系的影响较大。亲本一般配合力和组合特殊配合力是相互独立的。一般配合力和特殊配合力与杂种优势呈极显著正相关。不育系以六盐A、丹阳941A、98G26A、99 9A、香粳8016A和95122A较好,有较大的应用潜力;恢复系以C418、J16、晚161和C76较好。 相似文献
17.
Summary Nine 2x clones with different genetic backgrounds and 2n pollen production by first division restitution (FDR) were each mated
with five 4x females in a linextester design. Estimates of both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability
(SCA) were significant for tuber yield, among female and male parents. Four FDR clones with similar genetic background (half-sibs)
showed significantly different GCA for total yield, illustrating the importance of progeny testing for FDR clones before their
utilization as progenitors. A stronger influence of the 2x parents, compared to that of the 4x parents, on the performance
of the hybrids was observed for characters studied. The significance of male and female interactions for characters other
than tuber yield reinforced the importance of careful choice of the male and female parents for improving horticultural traits
of 4x–2x progenies. 相似文献
18.
粳稻杂种后代稻米垩白率的配合力分析 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
选用稻米垩白率不同的6个粳稻品种,采用Griffing双列杂交方法四,对杂种F1及F2的稻米垩白率进行了配合力分析。结果表明, 稻米垩白率的一般配合力和特殊配合力方差在F1及F2代均极显著,表明在本试验中基因加性效应和非加性效应均起重要作用。但由于GCA MS/SCA MS值在F1代和F2代均极显著,而且F2代又比F1 代大,因此,稻米垩白率在杂种后代的表现主要还是由基因加性效应决定,并且随着世代的增加,加性基因的作用越显重要。在总的遗传变异中F1代和F2代主要以加性变异为主,并且随着世代的推进而非加性变异变小。稻米垩白率的一般配合力效应在F1和F2代的表现极为一致,F1和F2代间的秩次相关极显著。亲本稻米垩白率的高低与亲本一般配合力效应间有着密切的关系,各世代两者间的相关均极显著。因此,根据亲本稻米垩白率的高低可以估计其亲本一般配合力效应的高低。但稻米垩白率较低的亲本间两者的表现并不一致。 相似文献
19.
Lancaster群体改良自交系株型性状的配合力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用不完全双列杂交,分析8个含有Lancaster血缘的自交系与4大类群代表系中5个自交系的一般配合力(GCA)和特殊配合力(SCA)。结果表明：株高、穗位高、茎直径、雄穗长、雄穗分枝的GCA和SCA方差均达极显著水平;一般配合力及小区产量较高的自交系有N305、N575、N583、吉853、丹340、丹988;N575×丹340的总配合力效应值最高,是最好的杂交组合。在供试的8个自交系中,N575、N583、N305与各父本所配杂交组合产量较高,是比较理想的自交系。株型性状间的相关分析表明,株高与穗位高、雄穗长度有较大的正相关,穗位高与茎直径相关性较大。 相似文献