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为更好地了解海水工厂化养殖虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)肌肉组织的营养成分和品质,采用国标等方法,分别对海水工厂化养殖和淡水养殖虹鳟肌肉组织的各项营养成分进行了分析和评价。结果显示:海水工厂化养殖虹鳟肌肉组织的蛋白质含量、氨基酸营养水平和脂肪酸含量均低于淡水养殖虹鳟。海水工厂化养殖虹鳟肌肉组织的氨基酸营养价值和化学平均得分分别为0.82、0.62,低于淡水养殖虹鳟(1.04、0.78)。海水工厂化养殖虹鳟肌肉组织的饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸的含量(3.83g/100g、12.60g/100g)低于淡水养殖虹鳟(4.07g/100g、12.79g/100g)。 相似文献
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笔者对虹鳟溪流水和水库底排水养殖进行试验,试验以五常市沙河子镇为基地,在借鉴本溪、北京等地区冷水鱼养殖经验基础上,结合黑龙江省特有冷水资源优势,尤其是五常优质的泉水资源、高山溪流、水库底排水、涌泉水的实际情况,开展虹鳟养殖。通过对虹鳟的溪流水和水库底排水流水养殖的实践过程对比,得出了虹鳟养殖既可大众化、小投入、小产出式的养殖,也可高投入、高产出、高效益的工厂化、集约化生产。由此可见,虹鳟养殖是一项很好的水产养殖致富项目。 相似文献
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虹鳟是一种优质、高产的冷水性鱼类,其适宜于高密度集约化养殖,但是夏季高温到来之时,在高原水库每年的7、8月份水温在23℃以上的时间总在半个月左右,高温威胁着虹鳟的生存。由于处理不当,养殖生产中出现了死鱼现象,给养殖者带来了经济损失。笔者多年来一直在刘家峡水库渔场网箱养殖虹鳟,就网箱养殖虹鳟安全度夏技术进行了研究,并取得了一些经验,现总结如下,以供养殖者参考。1虹鳟对环境的要求虹鳟隶属于硬骨鱼纲,鲑形目,鲑亚目,鲑科,鲑属。我们养殖的虹鳟是一种陆封型的虹鳟,是终 相似文献
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国际虹鳟育种产业简介及其对我国的借鉴意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss原产于北美地区,为典型的冷水性鱼类,是世界性重要经济养殖鱼类之一和水产遗传育种领域的重要研究对象。虹鳟是最早采用数量遗传学理论指导遗传选育的水产动物之一,BLUP育种值估计和配合力分析等遗传评定方法以及家系选育、杂交和配套系育种等技术均在虹鳟育种实践中广泛应用。淡水鱼类养殖中,必须使用遗传选育的优良品种的行业共识,最早在虹鳟中确立。目前,在欧洲、北美以及智利等主要鲑鳟鱼养殖国家和地区,虹鳟良种覆盖率均已达到90%以上。鉴于虹鳟仍是我国养殖产量最高的鲑鳟鱼类,其育种工作在许多非原产国都取得了令人瞩目的成就,本文以全球化的视角,从虹鳟养殖与选育的历史概况、虹鳟种业的主要技术手段及产业格局、主要虹鳟育种机构的组织形式与类型特点等方面,简要介绍了国际虹鳟种业的发展及对我国虹鳟种业的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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本研究旨在对国内虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)代表性养殖群体开展全基因组水平的遗传评估。利用57K单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)芯片,检测了来自不同地域的6个虹鳟养殖群体样本共计48尾,包括黑龙江虹鳟、黑龙江金鳟、四川虹鳟、四川金鳟、北京虹鳟和北京金鳟,共获得有效SNP位点50201个,在中国虹鳟中的多态比例达到97.7%,表明该芯片虽然基于美国和挪威虹鳟群体设计,但对中国群体同样具有良好的适用性。各群体最小等位基因频率均值为0.240~0.267,与国外主流养殖群体相近,黑龙江虹鳟、四川虹鳟和北京虹鳟群体内遗传多样性丰富,多态位点比例为83.6%~84.9%,与国外主流养殖群体相近,而黑龙江金鳟、四川金鳟和北京金鳟,多态位点比例相对较低,在60.2%~76.9%范围内。应用6个中国虹鳟群体和2个美国虹鳟群体数据开展系统发育分析、主成分分析和群体遗传结构STRUCTURE分析,结果显示8个群体可分为3个祖源类群,其中3个金鳟群体为遗传联系较紧密的一个类群,黑龙江虹鳟和北京虹鳟为一个类群,而四川虹鳟与2个美国虹鳟群体为一个类群,部分中国养殖群体中有显著离群个体存在,表明群体遗传背景不均一。本研究表明,高密度SNP芯片在我国虹鳟养殖群体遗传分析中具有广泛的应用前景,能够为种质资源评估、本土化良种培育、制种和引种工作提供基因组水平的参考信息。 相似文献
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本文回顾了虹鳟饲料的发展和我国当前存在的问题,阐述了虹鳟营养的基础,并提出了在配方设计和加工中应注意的某些技术问题。 相似文献
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Effect of temperature and feed ration on energy utilization in large rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
T. MÄKINEN 《Aquaculture Research》1994,25(2):213-232
Abstract In one experiment, temperature and feed ration were varied for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with an initial size of about 1200g. In two experiments the feed ration was varied between parallel tanks, with naturally fluctuating ambient temperatures, and containing rainbow trout with an initial size of about 1000g and 400–550g, respectively. Growth and feed efficiency were measured in all experiments. An ad libitum feed ration without wastage produced the most effective energy utilization in most experimental groups. At best an average of 50% of the gross energy was utilized for growth. The relation between growth rate and feed ration was linear, and there was no optimum point for feeding below this level. The observed intake of energy is compared with growth, measurements of digestibility, feeding and starving metabolism. It is also linked to earlier observations of intake by rainbow trout fingerlings to give equations expressing the energy needs of rainbow trout of different sizes (30–1500g). These are intended to be used for efficient rearing at different temperatures (10–22°C). 相似文献
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Caryl L. H. Morito Debbie H. Conrad John W. Hilton 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1986,1(2):93-104
Four growth studies were conducted to determine the signs, biochemical indices and histopathology of a thiamin deficiency and the thiamin requirement of young rainbow trout reared at 15°C on a semi-purified test diet. The major overt signs of a thiamin deficiency in rainbow trout are predominantly neurological: irritability and instability. Other signs include convulsions, feed refusal, dark pigmentation and finally mortalities. Growth reduction in the thiamin deficient trout appear to result from anorexia or feed refusal and not specifically to a thiamin deficiency. Although there were prominant neurological signs in the thiamin deficient trout, there were no histopathological signs in any tissues of the trout, including the brain and central nervous system, examined by light microscopic techniques. The tissue transketolase activity would appear to be a sensitive and specific indicator of the thiamin status in the trout. In addition, the levels of plasma lactate and serum pyruvate are also elevated in thiamin deficient trout. On the basis of the growth parameters, absence of deficiency signs and kidney and liver transketolase activity, the thiamin requirement of rainbow trout reared at 15°C on a semi-purified test diet is 1 mg/kg feed. 相似文献
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Michael Engelbrecht Nielsen Kurt Buchmann 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2003,34(1):11-17
A new product called oralized fish serum concentrate (OFSC) was evaluated for a possible effect against various bacterial pathogens in rainbow trout. The OFSC produced from immune trout sera was found to contain fully functional antibodies and complement component C3. The antibodies detected in the serum concentrate were specific to Vibrio anguillarum (O1 and O2) and Aeromonas salmonicida , which had been used for vaccination of the fish prior to serum collection. The functionality of the specific antibodies in OFSC was not reduced after 6 wk storage at -20 C, 5 C, and 20 C. The serum was mixed with commercial trout feed and used for feeding rainbow trout fry (first feed period). After oral delivery of OFSC to rainbow trout for 1 mo, samples of gut content and gut tissue contained functional antibodies. In gutted fish no functional antibodies were found. This suggests that antibodies from OFSC are unable to be transferred across the gut wall in a functional state. Oral administration of OFSC did not increase survival of rainbow trout in an immersion challenge with Vibrio anguillarum . 相似文献
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Viviane Verlhac‐Trichet Jouni Vielma Jorge Dias Paulo Rema Ester Santigosa Thomas Wahli Kurt Vogel 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2014,45(4):367-379
The efficacy and tolerance of a novel microbial 6‐phytase were investigated in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Reference diets were sufficient in available phosphorus (P). The test diet limiting in available P was supplemented with phytase at 500, 1000, or 2000 phytase units/kg feed. The enzyme was effective in increasing total P apparent digestibility coefficient in relation to increasing the dose of phytase in rainbow trout and Nile tilapia. Zinc apparent digestibility improved in relation to phytase supplementation in rainbow trout. P release due to phytase supplementation ranged from 0.06 to 0.18% P/kg feed in rainbow trout and from 0.13 to 0.26% P/kg feed in Nile tilapia. A 58‐d performance trial was conducted to evaluate tolerance of fish to phytase supplementation. Dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet without phytase or supplemented with 2000 and 200,000 phytase units/kg feed. Results indicate that this novel microbial 6‐phytase is well tolerated by fish. Significant improvements for growth as well as feed conversion ratio were observed when the phytase was fed at 2000 phytase units/kg feed. This phytase is proven efficient in releasing P from phytate and could be added when plants are used for fish meal replacement in diets for salmonid and omnivorous fish. 相似文献
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《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1):95-101
Paddlefish, "Polydon spathula," overwintered in monoculture and in polyculture with fingerling channel catfish, "Ictalurus punctatus," or with rainbow trout, "Oncorhynchus mykiss," were examined for growth and compatibility in nine 0.04-ha ponds. Paddlefish in polyculture had significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) individual weight gains than those in monoculture. Feed in polyculture treatments probably served as a fertilizer, promoting zooplankton production for paddlefish consumption and growth. Paddlefish in polyculture with fingerling channel catfish had significantly greater (P < 0.05) individual weight gains than paddlefish polycultured with rainbow trout, although there was less feed input with channel catfish than with rainbow trout. Bloody and frayed fins on paddlefish stocked with rainbow trout suggested fin nipping by rainbow trout which may have interfered with paddlefish feeding and growth. Paddlefish overwintered in polyculture with fingerling channel catfish demonstrated increased weight gains and good species compatibility. 相似文献
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Effects of dietary supplements on the availability of minerals in fish meal; preliminary observations 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Shozo H. Sugiura Faye M. Dong Ronald W. Hardy 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1998,160(3-4):283-303
Preliminary studies were conducted to determine if several feed supplements with the potential to improve dietary mineral availabilities in fish meal had any measurable effect in fish feeds. In the first study with rainbow trout, 11 supplements were tested: citric acid; sodium citrate; potassium chloride; sodium chloride; histamine dihydrochloride; EDTA disodium salt; sodium bicarbonate; a mixture of amino acids; ascorbic acid; a mixture of inositol and choline; and cholecalciferol. Apparent availability of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, iron, manganese and strontium in fish meal-based diets was determined using both yttrium oxide (Y2O3) and chromium oxide (Cr2O3) as inert dietary markers. Apparent availability was expressed as the fractional net absorption (%) of minerals from diets. After a 7-day acclimation period with test diets, fecal samples were collected for five consecutive days using passive collection systems. Apparent availability of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, manganese and strontium was increased by citric acid supplementation. Apparent availability of manganese also was increased by EDTA and sodium citrate. The other supplements had no measurable effect on the apparent availability of minerals in fish meal. In the second study, the effect of supplemental citric acid was further investigated using monogastric (rainbow trout) and agastric fish (goldfish). Fish were fed for 5 weeks (rainbow trout) or 3 weeks (goldfish) with fish meal-based diets containing either 0% (control), 2% or 5% citric acid on a dry basis. Feces were collected by settling and by stripping. Apparent availabilities of calcium and phosphorus were greatly affected by citric acid supplementation in rainbow trout but not in goldfish. Phosphorus levels in feces of fish fed a diet with 5% citric acid were approximately half of that of fish fed the control diet (0% citric acid) in the rainbow trout trial. This pattern was consistent during the 5-week feeding trial. A dietary supplement of citric acid as high as 5% did not reduce feed intake or appetite of rainbow trout. Conversely, this level of dietary acidification led to a marked reduction of feed intake in goldfish. Dietary supplementation of citric acid at 2% level did not reduce feed intake of goldfish; however, this level of dietary acidification had little effect on the apparent availability of major minerals in fish meal-based diet. Levels of non-fecal excretion of calcium and phosphorus, inorganic phosphorus in urine, and citric acid in feces were increased in rainbow trout fed 5% citric acid. The pH values of the feces and urine were decreased in rainbow trout fed citric acid. Plasma bicarbonate, plasma calcium and phosphorus, and blood pH of rainbow trout tended to increase by a 5% dietary supplementation of citric acid. The soluble inorganic phosphorus content increased in the diets and decreased in the feces of rainbow trout by supplementing the diet with 5% citric acid. Feces samples of rainbow trout collected by stripping provided similar availability values to data collected by settling for most elements except sodium, which had negative values in all dietary treatments. 相似文献
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《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1):37-43
Abstract The production characteristics of juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss and brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis were compared under winter pond conditions. Juvenile rainbow trout (55.1 ±1.5 g) and brook trout (28.9 ±0.4 g) were stocked at a density of 8,750 fish/ha into six 0.04-ha ponds. After 163 days, survival, growth, and feed conversion were similar (P >0.05). The results of this study suggest that brook trout may attain growth rates similar to rainbow trout under winter pond conditions in temperate regions of North America. 相似文献
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M. D. JACOBSEN 《Journal of fish diseases》1989,12(1):29-36
Abstract. Oxolinic acid (OA), oxytetracyline (OTC) and trimetoprim (TMP) were investigated in whole gutted rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, and in their skin, muscle and blood, at 6, 12 and 18°C. Concentrations of drugs were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. It is recommended that withdrawal times for rainbow trout be based on whole gutted rainbow trout and not, as in earlier investigations, from residual concentrations in muscle. Any concentrations in rainbow trout feed were found to be stable during the pelleting process used and up to 81 days after pelleting. The absorption of the drugs in rainbow trout show different temperature dependencies. A quantitative comparison of our overall data from this work with individual results from earlier investigations was undertaken. Suggested withdrawal times for freshwater rainbow trout treated with these drugs are: for OTC, 90 days below 6°C, 70 days between 6 and 12°C and 60 days above 12°C; for TMP, 60 days below 8°C and 40 days above 8°C; for OA, 20 days at approximately 18°C. 相似文献
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Abstract. Two studies were conducted to determine the effects of rearing Snake River cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki Richardson, and Eagle Lake rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Richardson, in oxygen supersaturated water. The performance of cutthroat trout held at oxygen saturation as high as 172% was compared with that of control fish held in water at or below saturation. At an oxygen saturation level of 172%, total gas pressure reached 117% in late afternoon, and nitrogen saturation was reduced to 93%. The rainbow trout were held at a maximum of 150% oxygen saturation; total gas pressure did not exceed 112% in late afternoon and nitrogen saturation was reduced to 99%. Fish growth, fin quality and feed conversions were not significantly affected in either species. At the termination of the study gas bubble disease was observed in 94% of the cutthroat trout held in oxygen supersaturated water. Gas bubble disease was not observed in rainbow trout. 相似文献