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针对大豆水酶法提油过程中产生乳状液难以破乳的问题,在单因素实验的基础上,选取冷冻温度、冷冻时间、微波解冻温度、微波解冻功率和微波解冻时间5个因素为自变量,以乳状液中油脂回收率为响应值,通过SAS9.2进行响应面实验设计。结果表明,最佳条件为:冷冻温度-16.9℃,冷冻时间17.5h,微波解冻温度62.4℃,微波解冻功率666.5W,微波解冻时间10.5min。在此最佳条件下,响应面有最优值为(96.89±1.43)%。采用显微成像观察法分析了水酶法提取工艺形成的乳状液中脂肪球分布情况,通过比对发现冷冻微波解冻破乳后脂肪球粒径明显增大,油脂更易释放。 相似文献
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以大豆油和甲醇为原料,KOH为催化剂,采用响应面法对大豆油甲酯合成工艺进行优化。在单因素试验的基础上,以反应物醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间为影响因素,大豆油甲酯的产率为响应值,进行响应面分析。结果表明大豆油甲酯的最佳合成条件为:醇油摩尔比为5.5∶1,催化剂用量为大豆油质量的1.08%,反应温度为61.6℃,反应时间为60 min。此条件下大豆油甲酯的产率为94.02%,与模型预测值基本一致。大豆油甲酯的一些性能接近矿物油,以其部分或全部取代矿物油制备环保型大豆油墨具有极大的潜力。 相似文献
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以富含花生四烯酸(ARA)的微生物油脂为原料,建立了富含ARA的1,3-甘油二酯的酶法合成工艺。系统考察了酶促反应时间、反应温度、底物摩尔比及酶添加量对1,3-甘油二酯产率的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,通过响应面设计实验,确定最佳的合成工艺参数为:反应时间2.7h,反应温度57℃,ARA与甘油的底物摩尔比为2.5∶1,酶添加量7.9%。在此最优条件下,1,3-甘油二酯的相对百分含量可达到73.5%,其中1,3-ARA-甘油二酯含量为38.1%。 相似文献
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栽培、野生、半野生大豆脂肪酸组成的初步分析研究 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
大豆富含脂肪和蛋白质。大豆油是世界上主要食用油之一,因此油的质量极为重要。降低大豆油中亚麻油酸含量,提高油脂的耐贮性是当前研究的课题之一。另一方面,不饱和脂肪酸,尤其是亚油酸含量高,对防止动脉粥样硬化,软化血管又有重要作用。因此,大豆油脂肪酸组成的研究近年来日益受到重视。 李莹等(1981)结合山西野生大豆资源考察,分析了部分山西野生大豆的脂肪酸组成,其中油酸含量为14.09—17.71％,亚麻油酸含量为19.82—20.35％。而晋豆3号分别为23.79％和8.19％。野生大豆的油酸含量低于栽培大豆,亚麻油酸含量远高于 相似文献
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低温是限制火龙果生长发育和产量的重要因素。2,4-表油菜素内酯（2,4-epibrassinolide, EBR）能够增强植物对低温等多种逆境的抗性。为提高火龙果的耐寒性，缓解低温对其造成的伤害，以‘台湾6号’红心火龙果扦插苗为材料，外源喷施0.5 mg/L的EBR，在低温胁迫下（4℃/0℃，12 h/12 h）处理7 d，测定火龙果苗活性氧（ROS）含量、抗氧化酶活性、相对电导率（REC）、丙二醛（MDA）含量、脂肪酸组分及含量等，明确EBR对火龙果苗耐寒性的调控作用，进一步研究低温胁迫下抗氧化系统与膜脂脂肪酸不饱和度之间的关系，阐明EBR的作用机理。结果表明：（1）低温胁迫使火龙果苗ROS含量增加，不饱和脂肪酸含量显著下降，脂肪酸不饱和度（UFA/SFA）和双键指数（DBI）分别降低了32.1%和32.4%，导致膜稳定性降低，膜透性增大，MDA含量及REC显著升高，植株出现明显的水渍状斑点与轻微萎焉，寒害指数达0.60。（2）低温下，外源EBR处理提高了火龙果苗超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性，有效清除了过量积累的ROS，超氧阴离子产生速率、过氧化氢含量显著降低，从而缓解... 相似文献
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该研究以人参籽为原料,采用超临界CO2流体技术萃取人参籽油,通过正交试验优化了萃取人参籽油工艺参数,再将其与通过冷榨法及溶剂法提取的人参籽油进行对比,测定和比较了不同工艺制取的人参籽油的脂肪酸组成。试验结果表明,在萃取压力26MPa、萃取温度50℃、萃取时间2 h工艺条件下,人参籽油得率为16.2%。经检测,人参籽油脂肪酸组成为不饱和脂肪酸占99%以上,其中油酸含量极高,可达73.93%。通过不同制取方法所得到的人参籽油的脂肪酸组成分析表明,超临界CO2萃取法与溶剂萃取法所提取人参籽油的脂肪酸明显多于压榨法的脂肪酸成分;且超临界CO2萃取法具有无有机化学试剂残留的明显优势,因此,是未来人参籽油提取中可以应用的一种绿色环保的提取工艺和技术。 相似文献
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根据目标性状有的放矢的选配杂交亲本是提高优异品质组成品种的选择效率的基本前提。本研究对东北三省102份大豆种质资源的蛋白、氨基酸组分、油份及脂肪酸组分进行测定,通过遗传多样性、主成分和聚类分析,对其进行表型鉴定及基因型分类以综合评价种质品质特性。结果表明:东北三省大豆种质油份及脂肪酸组分变异较丰富,遗传多样性程度较高。根据主成分分析筛选到9个主成分进行聚类分析,通过聚类分析将供试种质资源分为5类。第I类群蛋白含量较高、油份含量偏低,第II类群蛋白、油份含量均居中,第III类群油份含量较高、蛋白含量偏低,第IV类群高油,第V类群高蛋白,类群间的氨基酸、脂肪酸组分各有差异。需根据育种目标在群体间选配亲本,以提高品质育种的效率。 相似文献
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以大豆油为原料,KOH作催化剂,通过大豆油与乙醇的酯交换反应合成了大豆油脂肪酸乙酯。应用响应曲面分析法中的Box-behnken模型对影响大豆油脂肪酸乙酯转化率的四个主要因素(催化剂用量、醇油摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间)进行了优化。研究表明大豆油脂肪酸乙酯的最佳合成工艺条件为:KOH用量1.3%,醇油比8.3∶1,反应温度74.8℃,反应时间130min。在此条件下,酯转化率达98.93%。 相似文献
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Choice of the shortening ingredient in bread products has functionality effects and health implications. Little information is available on effects of various shortening ingredients on palatability and acceptability. The objective of the current study was to compare the acceptability of yeast-leavened wheat breads containing shortenings containing predominantly saturated fatty acids (coconut oil), monounsaturated fatty acids (canola oil) or unsaturated fatty acids (unhydrogenated soybean oil). Breads were prepared using a standardized formula and method. These were evaluated by a 16-member, semi-trained panel for color, flavor, texture, tenderness and overall acceptability using a seven-point hedonic scale. No significant differences in color and texture were defined; however, canola oil bread was judged significantly superior to soybean oil bread in flavor, and both of these breads were found to be significantly superior to coconut oil bread in flavor, tenderness, and overall acceptability. 相似文献
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大豆脂肪酸组分及配比影响大豆油脂的营养价值和贮运加工环节,是决定大豆油脂品质的最重要因素.尽管品种的遗传特性决定着脂肪酸各组分含量高低,生态环境通过影响脂肪酸的积累动态,同样影响着脂肪酸的含量.以品质不同的3个大豆品种(系)为材料,研究了生长生殖期遮阴对大豆籽粒发育过程脂肪酸各组分积累动态的影响.遮阴显著降低了黑农35和垦农18成熟籽粒内的棕榈酸和硬脂酸的含量(降幅达1.51%),并显著升高了亚油酸的含量(升幅达2.02%);与此相反,遮阴升高了海339大豆成熟籽粒内棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量(升幅达1.01%),并显著降低了亚油酸含量(降幅达2.63%).与对照相比,遮阴升高了海339大豆成熟籽粒内油酸含量(升幅达2.01%),但降低了黑农35成熟籽粒内油酸含量(降幅达1.72%),对垦农18成熟籽粒内油酸含量无影响.遮荫对大豆各脂肪酸组分含量动态的影响,因大豆品质和脂肪酸组分的不同而各异.开花后30 d是遮阴影响大豆籽粒内各脂肪酸组分积累的关键期,表明大豆群体过早郁闭将影响到大豆脂肪酸的品质,应根据不同品质大豆脂肪酸积累的生理特性确定合理的群体栽培管理措施. 相似文献
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Bhardwaj HL Hamama AA Rangappa M Joshi JM Sapra VT 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2003,58(3):197-205
Soyfood products like tofu are becoming popular among American consumers due to health benefits. In order to increase production to meet consumer demands, it is imperative that factors that effect quantity and quality of tofu be characterized. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of soybean genotypes and growing locations on contents of oil and fatty acids in tofu which was prepared from twelve soybean genotypes (BARC-8, BARC-9, Enrei, Hutcheson, MD86-5788, Nakasennari, S90-1056, Suzuyutaka, V71-370, V81-1603, Ware, and York) grown at three southern U.S. locations (Huntsville, Alabama; Princess Anne, Maryland; and Petersburg, Virginia) during 1995. The results showed that tofu quality was determined by the soybean genotype. The tofu made from seeds of high seed-protein and low seed-oil genotypes (BARC-8 and BARC-9) resulted in tofu with low contents of oil (15.8 and 11.3 g/100g, respectively) and total saturated fatty acids (2.59 and 160 g/100g, respectively). Tofu made from seeds of conventional grain type genotypes, such as Hutcheson, resulted in higher oil (24.0 g/100g) and total saturated fatty acids (3.80 g/100g) contents in tofu. Effects of growing environment on contents of oil were not significant but tofu made from seeds grown in Alabama had significantly higher content of total saturated fatty acids (3.50 g/100g) as compared to that made from seeds grown in Maryland (2.88 g/100g) or Virginia (2.96 g/100g). Tofu made from seeds of large and medium-seeded genotypes had higher contents of total monounsaturated fatty acids in tofu as compared to that made from small-seeded genotypes. Highly positive correlation existed between contents of oil, 18:1, 18:2, total saturated, and total unsaturated fatty acids in the seeds and their contents in the tofu (+0.80, +0.75, +0.79, +0.62, +0.68, respectively). These results indicated that tofu quality is governed by soybean genotype, seed size and growing location. 相似文献