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不同前作土壤对烤烟生长和化学成分影响的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过盆栽试验,研究了不同前作土壤在相同条件下对烤烟生长和根系活力、硝酸还原酶活性以及烟叶化学成分的影响。结果表明:前茬作物为水稻和油菜的土壤对烤烟生长具有明显的促进作用,并使其烟叶化学成分的协同性得到明显改善;而前茬作物为烤烟的土壤对促进烤烟生长的效果不如前茬作物为水稻和油菜的明显,且其烟叶化学成分指标明显变差;而前茬作物为玉米的土壤,不仅明显抑制了烤烟的生长,而且对其烟叶化学成分的协同性也产生了不良影响。 相似文献
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小麦秸秆覆盖量对烤烟生长及烟叶产质量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用田间小区试验,研究了不同小麦秸秆覆盖量对地烟和田烟农艺性状及烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明:秸秆覆盖对前期烟株生长作用不大,到后期覆盖量为500 kg/(667 m2)处理的烟株农艺性状显著优于其他处理,烟叶化学成分协调性较好、经济性状较佳,可提高上部烟叶总糖、还原糖的含量,降低中、上部烟叶氯的含量,提高中、上部烟叶的钾/氯比值,使中、上部烟叶的糖/碱比值较接近10,下部烟叶的氮/碱比值较接近1;地烟和田烟的烟叶产量、产值、均价、上等烟率和中上等烟率分别比无覆盖的对照高16.39%、31.81%、13.29%、37.72%、12.69%和15.75%、34.11%、15.88%、12.18%、8.80%。覆盖量为750 kg/(667 m2)的处理促进了下部烟烟叶品质的提高,使下部烟叶糖/碱比值较接近10。综合来看,覆盖量为500 kg/(667m2)的处理促进烟株生长、提高烟叶产质量的效果更明显。 相似文献
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为筛选适宜生产加热不燃烧卷烟烟叶原料的烟草种质资源,以4个晾晒烟品种Va359、八大河晒烟、柳叶、小黑烟为材料,在丘北县开展品种比较试验,对不同品种烟草的农艺性状、产量、化学成分、感官质量等进行比较分析。结果表明：小黑烟、八大河晒烟田间烟株生长整齐,长势较强,烟叶外观质量较好;各品种的产量表现为Va359>八大河晒烟>小黑烟>柳叶。在烟叶化学品质方面,柳叶和八大河晒烟的烟碱和总氮含量整体偏高,总糖和还原糖含量偏低,但八大河晒烟的氯离子含量显著高于其他3个品种,而Va359钾含量较高;在香气前体物质含量方面,4个品种烟叶中的芸香苷、绿原酸含量相对较高,其中小黑烟烟叶中的绿原酸、新绿原酸、芸香苷、咖啡酸、山奈酚苷含量最高;总体感官评吸得分为小黑烟>八大河晒烟>柳叶>Va359。综合分析,小黑烟、八大河晒烟具有典型的晾晒烟风格特征,田间表现、感官质量等指标较优,比较适合作为加热不燃烧卷烟的烟叶原料。 相似文献
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[目的]筛选出价廉质优的有机肥。[方法]通过大田对比试验,分析不同类型有机肥对烟叶产质量的影响。[结果]在试验条件下,施用中烟有机肥的烟田烟株长势最好,烟苗早生快发明显,对烟草花叶病毒（TMV）、黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）、马铃薯Y病毒（PVY）等病毒病的抗性较强,烟叶开片效果好,上等烟比例最高,产量产值和均价较高,化学成分协调,中、上部烟叶感官评吸得分较高;在施氮量较其他处理偏高的情况下,施用八福仙（7-5-13）有机肥的烟田烟株长势较好,对TMV、CMV、PVY等病毒病的抗性较强,烟叶开片效果好,产量、产值和均价居第1位,上等烟比例居第3位,烤后烟叶油分增多,化学成分协调,中、下部烟叶感官评吸得分较高,综合表现较好：宏旺肥对上、中、下3个部位烟叶质量均有一定改善作用,但农艺性状、经济性状和烟叶外观质量不及中烟有机肥和八福仙（7～5-13）有机肥。[结论]研究结果为烟叶生产提供了科学参考。 相似文献
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嘉禾烟区‘云烟99’适宜施氮量与种植密度初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《作物研究》2016,(6)
通过农艺性状、经济性状考察与烤后烟叶化学成分分析,初步研究了烤烟品种‘云烟99’在郴州嘉禾的适宜施氮量与种植密度。结果表明:随施氮量增加,烟株株高、茎围与最大叶面积增大,烤烟经济性状显著改善,N3处理(N 172.5 kg/hm~2)上中等烟比例、产量、均价、产值均显著高于N1(N 127.5 kg/hm~2)和N2(N 150.0 kg/hm~2)处理,但综合考虑烤后烟叶各化学成分指标,以N2处理烤后烟叶品质较好。除株高差异显著外,D1(16 500株/hm~2)与D2(18 000株/hm~2)两个密度处理的农艺性状差异不明显,D1处理经济性状略优于D2处理;D1与D2处理烤后烟叶化学成分含量有一定差异,且主要体现在中下部烟叶上,综合考虑各化学成分指标,以D1处理烤后烟叶化学品质较好。可见‘云烟99’在郴州嘉禾烟区种植的适宜施氮量为150~172.5 kg/hm~2,适宜密度为16 500株/hm~2。 相似文献
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氧化镁不同用量对烤烟产质量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨氧化镁不同用量对烤烟产质量的影响,设置了4个不同水平进行试验,经过各项分析,研究结果表明：在土壤交换性镁含量60．04mg／kg条件下,施镁与否对烟株的大田生育期没有影响,田间也未出现明显的缺镁症状,每666．7m^2施3kg氧化镁处理烟株农艺性状较优;随氧化镁施用量的增加,平均单叶重有变轻的趋势,各处理烟叶化学成分基本协调;经济性状方面差异不显著,以每666．7m^2施氧化镁3kg处理最优,表现为较高的产量、产值、上等烟比例和均价,其次是每666．7m^2施氧化镁5kg和10kg处理,以不旖镁的处理经济效益最差。可见烟株大田未出现明显缺镁症状,但适量施用镁肥还是有利提高烟叶的品质。 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。 相似文献
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以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象，采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究，并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带，其中有37条多态带，多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果，在遗传距离为0.35时，12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类，第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体；第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体；第3类为浙江、广东种源个体；第4类为江西、福建种源个体；第5类为广西种源个体。此结果 相似文献
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Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed. 相似文献
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为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。 相似文献
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R. W. Summers 《Crop Protection》1989,8(6):451-454
One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed. 相似文献