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为探索适用于茶树叶片蛋白质组学研究的双向电泳技术体系(2-DE),比较三氯乙酸(TCA)/丙酮沉淀法和改良酚抽法2种不同总蛋白质提取方法、不同蛋白上样量对2-DE的影响。结果表明:改良酚抽法更适合茶树总蛋白质的提取;采用1.5 mg的蛋白质上样量,最终可获得蛋白质点较多、背景清晰、分辨率较高的双向电泳图谱,为进一步深入开展茶树蛋白质组学的研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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适用于大豆叶片蛋白质组分析的双向电泳最佳条件研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对大豆叶片中蛋白含量较低,含有大量色素、酚类、醌类等次生代谢产物干扰蛋白质双向电泳分离效果的问题,以大豆叶片为材料,对样品制备、蛋白质裂解液组分、等电聚焦(IEF)参数等条件进行研究.结果表明:采用TCA/丙酮法提取大豆叶片总蛋白,裂解缓冲液为9 mol·L-1尿素,2 mol·L-1硫脲,4%CHAPS.100 mmol·L-1DTT,0.5%Bio-Lyte,IEF等电聚焦条件为24 000Vh时,2-DE图谱分离到的蛋白点效果最好.初步建立了一套适用于大豆叶片蛋白质组分析的双向电泳(2-DE)体系. 相似文献
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‘四季蜜’龙眼花芽总蛋白质提取方法及双向电泳体系的优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用TCA丙酮法、丙酮法、TCA酚抽提法和改良酚抽法等4种方法,提取‘四季蜜’龙眼花芽的总蛋白质,在蛋白产量、单向SDS-PAGE和2-DE图谱等方面进行比较,并对IPG胶条种类、蛋白质上样量及等电聚焦条件等进行优化。结果表明:采用改良酚抽法,选用24 cm、pH3~10的胶条,按120μg上样,在适宜的等电聚焦条件下,可获得背景清晰、重复性好、分辨率高的2-DE图谱,本研究为‘四季蜜’龙眼花芽蛋白质组学后续研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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酚抽法已经逐渐成为植物蛋白质组研究中通用的蛋白质提取方法,但在各种改进酚抽法中,应用到的沉淀试剂各不相同,致使蛋白沉淀得率、纯度和沉淀时间也各异,本研究以热带植物橡胶树叶片、胶乳和海马齿叶片为研究材料,在过饱和硫酸铵甲醇溶液、醋酸氨甲醇溶液和丙酮溶液沉淀剂下对比蛋白提取的效果,通过单向电泳检测、胶图质量分析、质谱鉴定、蛋白沉淀时间和得率比较,发现3种沉淀剂提取的蛋白样品1-DE图谱显示的蛋白条带数量均较多,但醋酸铵沉淀法提取蛋白图谱有条纹不清晰现象。得出结论：丙酮沉淀法对橡胶树叶片和胶乳蛋白质的提取率较高,硫酸铵沉淀法对海马齿叶片蛋白质提取率较高。过饱和硫酸铵甲醇溶液和丙酮沉淀剂提取的蛋白质质量较高,所得蛋白图谱背景清晰,质谱鉴定蛋白质信息量大。研究结果可优化提取高质量植物蛋白质的方法,并有望为顽拗类植物蛋白质组学研究提供参考。 相似文献
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为建立适用于小麦小花细胞核的分离及其蛋白质双向电泳（two-dimensional electrophoresis, 2-DE）体系,以小麦品种西农1376三核期小花为供试材料,采用叶绿素含量测定、荧光显微镜观察和组蛋白免疫印迹检测等方法对分离和富集到的细胞核进行了纯度评价,并在SDS-PAGE胶浓度和蛋白质上样量等方面对细胞核蛋白质双向电泳体系进行了探索和优化,确立了一套适用于小麦小花细胞核的分离及其蛋白质双向电泳的技术方法。结果表明,获得的细胞核完整且纯度较高;经TCA/丙酮法提取其蛋白质,采用17 cm、pH 4~7 IPG胶条和12%SDS-PAGE分离胶,上样量为230 μg的双向电泳体系,更适合于小麦小花细胞核蛋白质组分离,经PDQuest 2DE 8.0.1软件统计分析,可在2-DE图谱上分辨出约264个蛋白点,蛋白点清晰呈圆形,无横条纹干扰。 相似文献
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为给小麦抗旱蛋白质组学研究提供技术支撑,以两个抗旱性不同的冬小麦品种周麦18和晋麦47三叶期幼苗为材料,比较分析了PEG胁迫处理后两种不同蛋白质提取方法TCA/丙酮法和磷酸钠缓冲液研磨法对IEF/SDSPAGE双向电泳的影响,并在IPG胶条pH范围、蛋白质上样量和SDSPAGE胶浓度等方面进行了探索与优化。结果表明,采用TCA/丙酮法提取叶片全蛋白,选用17 cm、pH 4~7的IPG线性胶条,在上样量为150 μg·胶条-1,以及12%SDSPAGE胶浓度下进行双向凝胶电泳,蛋白质能够更好地被分离,2DE图谱上可分辨出约400个蛋白点。利用该体系比较了PEG胁迫后两个品种双向电泳图谱的差异,周麦18有9个蛋白点存在差异,其中5个下调表达,4个上调表达(3个新诱导表达);晋麦47有5个蛋白点存在差异,均上调表达(1个新诱导表达)。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献