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雪岭云杉林是新疆天山北坡山地森林中广泛分布的优势种,探讨林分密度对天山雪岭云杉林器官生物量分配格局和树高-胸径异速生长的影响,对于阐明雪岭云杉林生物量在不同环境中的适应具有重要意义。通过分析在不同林分密度(≤300株·hm-2、300~450株·hm-2、450~600株·hm-2、>600株·hm-2)下雪岭云杉林(Picea schren?kiana)的生长特性,研究林分密度对雪岭云杉林器官生物量分配格局及树高-胸径异速生长的影响。结果表明,随着林分密度增加,雪岭云杉林各器官平均生物量均降低;树干和树根生物量占比增加,树枝生物量占比减少,树叶和树皮生物量占比变化不显著;雪岭云杉林树高和胸径均随林分密度的增加而降低。此外,雪岭云杉林树高(H)和胸径(D)间具有显著的异速生长关系,其中树高-胸径(H-D)的最优异速生长方程为:y=2.312×x0.900(R2=0.761,P<0.01);随着林分密度增加,雪岭云杉林lgH-lgD呈现出复杂非线性异速生长关系,该关系的显著性受林分密度变化呈现逐渐降低的趋势,这表明林分密度通过雪岭云杉林对生长资源的竞争影响各器官的生长发育。研究结果可为雪岭云杉林的可持续经营与管理提供理论依据和数据支撑。 相似文献
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晋西刺槐人工林生长分化过程分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
提要：利用56株解析木,分析了不同密度、坡向、坡位刺槐林生长分化特征。研究表明：不同密度、坡向、坡位的林分生长量、速生期长短不一,导致了林木分化。分化过程主要表现在分级木的相互转换中。刺槐林以树高、胸径表述的转换率分别为：35．7％,21．4％。将坡向按转换率从高到低的排序为：阳坡、半阳坡、阴坡。不同坡向以树高、胸径表... 相似文献
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塔里木河干流中游胡杨种群特征与动态分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过样地调查和数据统计,编制胡杨种群静态生命表,绘制存活曲线、生存率曲线、累计死亡率曲线、种群死亡密度曲线和危险率曲线,分析种群数量特征。同时,结合种群动态量化方法及时间序列预测,分析种群数量动态变化。结果表明:胡杨种群年龄结构呈金字塔型,幼龄级所占比例较大;存活曲线接近Deevey C(凹)型,且动态指数大于0,表明胡杨种群结构合理,为增长型种群。4个函数曲线表明,胡杨种群前期幅度变化较大,后期趋于稳定。时间序列分析表明,由于丰富的后续资源,种群能够稳定生长。 相似文献
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通过小尺度生态监测与遥感数据分析获取塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林现状信息,集中对阿拉干断面设立的100hm2长期监测样方内的胡杨树进行了详细的调查,对该断面胡杨林空间分布特征及其影响因素进行了分析。研究结果表明：塔里木河下游的胡杨具有伴河生长的特性;随着离河距离的增加,胡杨株数呈递减趋势;大部分胡杨主要分布在离河道200m范... 相似文献
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新疆艾比湖自然保护区阿奇克苏河沿岸胡杨年龄结构和生长量状况研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用在新疆艾比湖自然保护区阿奇克苏河沿岸设立的三块胡杨监测样地,根据4a来的实地观测数据对该区胡杨的年龄结构以及生长量情况进行了统计与分析。结果表明,该区胡杨年龄分布结构呈倒金字塔型,部分样地的Ⅰ～Ⅴ龄级胡杨甚至有缺失现象。在各龄级胡杨四年的生长量比较中,胡杨胸径和树高生长均随龄级的增加呈递减趋势,而冠幅生长则呈递增趋势。而在各样地胡杨的年平均生长量比较中,样地A1胡杨的胸径和冠幅生长均好于另两块样地,且差异比较结果显著(P<0.05),但各样地树高生长差异并不显著;结合各样地未缺失龄级(Ⅵ～Ⅺ)胡杨年平均生长量与林分密度、地下水位、土壤总盐含量、土壤pH值以及土壤有机物含量等生境因子进行相关性比较显示,胡杨胸径和冠幅生长量均与土壤总盐含量有高度相关性,地下水位则次之,而树高生长量与各生境因子相关性均不高。 相似文献
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祁连山青海云杉林群落结构特征分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过区域尺度,以祁连山国家自然保护区东段的哈溪林场、中段的西水林场和西段的祁丰林场3个典型分布区的青海云杉纯林为研究对象,以设立的典型临时样方调查材料为研究基础,对祁连山青海云杉的群落结构特征进行了分析,包括青海云杉林成层结构、胸径结构、树高结构和冠幅结构的静态分布,并对胸径、树高和冠幅三者之间的相互关系进行了曲线拟合。结果表明：① 青海云杉林群落成层现象明显,可划分为乔木层、灌木层、草本层和苔藓层,祁连山东、中、西段青海云杉林乔木层结构参数与林下灌木层、草本层结构参数在一定程度上呈负相关,祁连山中段苔藓较为发达;② 祁连山东段青海云杉胸径结构呈“间歇”型,中段呈“倒J”型,西段呈“单峰”型,同时树高和冠幅结构表明,青海云杉林普遍存在更新不良的问题;③ 对祁连山不同研究区域青海云杉个体及3个调查区域所有个体的胸径、树高与冠幅进行曲线拟合,发现三者之间相关显著,均可用乘幂曲线模型Y=aXb 进行较好的描述（P＜0.01）。上述结论可为祁连山青海云杉的可持续经营、群落恢复和抚育管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Reforestation or natural forest regeneration is an alternative measure for controlling soil erosion in degraded land on the Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP). However, our understanding of the temporal dynamics and the spatial patterns of forest regeneration remains inadequate. Two oak forests at different development stages were investigated to determine the spatial patterns of competitions(intraspecies and interspecies) during different successional stages. The intraspecies and interspecies spatial relationships among different tree diameters at breast height were analyzed at multiple scales by Kriging interpolation method and univariate and bivariate O-ring statistics. Our analytical results indicated that self-correlation and competition intensity were relatively high between oak and pine trees in the early development stage of oak forests due to their clumped distributions of heavy seeds. Birch trees had a lower competition in comparison to oak trees although birch was the dominant species. Therefore, asymmetric competition of oak trees was most likely to have led to their edge dispersal and their success in replacing the pioneer species. Asymmetric competition means that larger individuals obtained a disproportionately large share of the resources and suppressed the growth of smaller individuals. Kriging interpolation analysis showed a tendency towards homogenization caused by interspecies competition during the succession of oak forests. Our results demonstrated that the competition was the driving factor in the spatial distribution of oak forests on the CLP. 相似文献
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揭示树高、胸径和材积的动态变化过程,对掌握树木个体生长的基本规律和制定相应的抚育管理措施具有重要的现实意义。以准噶尔盆地防护林树种箭杆杨为研究对象, 运用树干解析法,对19 a生箭杆杨的树高、胸径、材积的生长规律进行调查研究。结果表明：箭杆杨的树高速生阶段集中在第3~14 a,胸径速生期为第2~19 a,材积速生期为第2~18 a。树高早期生长缓慢, 其速生期比胸径和材积晚,材积表现为早期速生。在胸径快速增长期间适当进行施肥管理,有利于培育优质大径材。箭杆杨成熟年龄在第27~30 a。建立的箭杆杨树高、胸径和材积生长的6种模型：幂函数型、二、三次多项式回归型、对数型、Logistic以及Richards方程均取得显著的拟合效果(P<0.01),Richards方程是模拟箭杆杨树高、胸径和材积生长进程的最佳模型。 相似文献
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Yang ZHAO ChuanYan ZHAO ZhongLin XU YiYue LIU Yao WANG Chao WANG HuanHua PENG XiangLin ZHENG State 《干旱区科学》2012,(3):281-291
Riparian vegetation in the lower reaches of Heihe River serves important ecological functions. However, the riparian ecosystems have been constantly deteriorating in the past 30 years simply due to water interception for oasis agricultural irrigation in the middle reaches of the river. This study pays a particular attention to Populus euphratica Oliv. forest because it is a dominant component of the riparian ecosystem in the lower reaches of Heihe River where the depth of groundwater table is the controlling factor in sustaining riparian ecosystems. To reveal leaf-related physiological responses of Populus euphratica Oliv. forest to groundwater table variations, we analyzed the relationships between the depth of groundwater table (DG) and three leaf-related parameters, i.e. leaf stomatal density (SD), specific leaf area (SLA), and stable carbon isotopic composition (δ 13 C). Our results show that the relationship between DG and leaf SD is a bi-mode one shaped by both salt stress and water stress. That is, salt stress appeared in shallow groundwater conditions and water stress happened in deep groundwater conditions, and the thin layer around 2.7 m of DG is a stress-free layer. Leaf SD fluctuated according to the DG variation, first decreased with increasing DG, then increased at depths ranging 2.7-3.7 m, and after a relatively stable plateau of SD at depths ranging 3.7-5.2 m, decreased again with increasing DG. Our results also show that SLA decreased exponentially with increasing DG and foliar δ 13 C values are also strongly dependent on DG, further demonstrating that these two parameters are sensitive indicators of water stress. The exponential curve suggests that SLA is more sensitive to DG when groundwater table is shallow and 3 m seems to be a threshold beyond which SLA becomes less sensitive to DG. Foliar δ 13 C becomes more sensitive when the groundwater table is deep and 7 m seems to be a threshold below which the δ 13 C signature becomes more sensitive to DG. These findings should be helpful in monitoring the growth and development of Populus euphratica Oliv. forests and also in providing protection measures (i.e. DG related) for Heihe River riparian forests. 相似文献
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Ali MAHDAVI 《干旱区科学》2020,12(5):766-774
Persian oak (Quercus brantii var. persica) is a dominant tree species of Zagros forests in a semi-arid area, western Iran. However, the capacity of biomass and carbon stocks of these forests is not well studied. We selected three types of oak, i.e., seed-originated oak, coppice oak and mixed (seed-originated and coppice) oak of Zagros forests in Dalab valley, Ilam Province, Iran to survey the capacity of biomass and carbon stocks in 2018. Thirty plots with an area of 1000 m2 were systematically and randomly assigned to each type of oak. Quantitative characteristics of trees, such as diameter at breast height (DBH), height, crown diameter and the number of sprouts in each plot were measured. Then, aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), aboveground carbon stock (AGCS) and belowground carbon stock (BGCS) of each tree in plots were calculated using allometric equations. The litterfall biomass (LFB) and litterfall carbon stock (LFCS) were measured in a quadrat with 1 m×1 m in each plot. One-way analysis of variance and Duncan's test were performed to detect the differences in biomass and carbon stocks among three types of oak. Results showed that AGB, BGB and BGCS were significantly different among three types of oak. The highest values of AGB, AGCS, BGB and BGCS in seed-originated oak were 76,043.25, 14,725.55, 36,737.79 and 7362.77 kg/hm2, respectively. Also, the highest values of LFB and LFCS in seed-originated oak were 3298.33 and 1520.48 kg/hm2, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the other two types of oak. The results imply the significant role of seed-originated oak for the regeneration of Zagros forests. Further conservation strategy of seed-originated oak is an important step in the sustainable management of Zagros forests in Iran. 相似文献
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祁连山青海云杉种群种内竞争分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用逐步扩大范围的方法和改进的单木竞争指数模型对祁连山亚高寒山区青海云杉（Picea crassifolia）]林内设置的1 hm2样地内的青海云杉种内竞争状况进行了分析.结果表明：① 在青海云杉种群中,随着样圆半径的增加,竞争强度逐渐减弱,青海云杉个体的竞争影响样圆半径为6 m。② 青海云杉种内竞争强度随着对象木胸径的增加,竞争强度不断减小,在径级为5~10 cm、25~30 cm时,竞争强度随径级的增加急剧减小,并在径级25~30 cm形成明显拐点。随着径级的继续增大,青海云杉受到的竞争压力变化较为平缓,竞争主要发生在径级小于25~30 cm植株上。③ 青海云杉种内竞争强度和对象木胸径大小服从乘幂函数,并达到显著水平。实验数据表明,该模型能很好的用于青海云杉种群种内竞争强度的预测。 相似文献
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黑河下游胡杨林耗水规律研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
2003年5-10月,对黑河下游额济纳绿洲中一块25年生的胡杨林耗水进行了研究,结果表明通过标准木的标准比导率和树木胸径和边材面积的相关模型,可以比较准确地推算出林分的蒸腾耗水量。胡杨林的蒸腾耗水量具有明显的季节差异;胡杨幼林在生长季节耗水量为213.4mm。林分的生长状况主要受地下水位和土壤含水量的影响。 相似文献
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不同盐分梯度下胡杨幼苗的光合-光响应特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过分析不同盐分处理60 d胡杨幼苗的光响应特征。结果表明：① 在0~3 500 μmol•m-2•s-1光强范围,各处理幼苗的净光合速率(P n)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用效率(WUE)[WTBZ]均随光强增加逐渐增大,而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)呈相反趋势;不同光强下幼苗的P n、Gs、Tr、Ci 和WUE均[值均随盐浓度增大而减小;低盐浓度处理(0.5 mol•L-1)条件下,幼苗通过气孔调节提高WUE,降低盐分对幼苗的损伤;高盐处理(2 mol•L-1),气孔基本失去调节能力,出现了Tr相对较低、WUE相对较高的现象,而幼苗的Pn[WTBZ]均值降低了约75%,幼苗的光合代谢受到严重抑制。② 随盐浓度增大,胡杨幼苗的最大净光合速率(Pnmax)、表观量子效率(α)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)和光饱和点(LSP)逐渐降低,光补偿点(LCP)逐渐增加,盐分抑制了幼苗对光的吸收、利用和转换能力。 相似文献
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Yuanyuan LI 《干旱区科学》2019,11(4):608-622
Boreal forests are important carbon sinks and have tremendous potential to mitigate climate change. Aboveground biomass of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) stands in the Altay Mountains, Northwest China was studied and allometric equations that are related to the biomass of aboveground components using diameter at breast height (DBH) or both DBH and height (H) as independent variables for L. sibirica trees were derived in this paper. A linear simultaneous equation system by using either DBH or both DBH and H (DBH&H) indices, was used to ensure additivity of the biomass of individual tree components, and was fitted for L. sibirica. Model performance was validated using the jackknifing test. Results indicate that the goodness-of-fit for the regressions was lowest for the needles (R2 ranging from 0.696 to 0.756), and highest for the stem wood (R2 ranging from 0.984 to 0.997) and the aggregated biomass components (R2 ranging from 0.994 to 0.995). The coefficient of determination for each component was only marginally improved in terms of model fit and performance in the biomass equations that used DBH&H as the independent variables compared to that used DBH as the independent variable, and needles yielded an even worse fit. Stem biomass accounted for the largest proportion (87%) of the aboveground biomass. Based on the additive equations that used DBH as the single predicitor in this study, the mean aboveground carbon stock density and the carbon storage values of L. sibirica forests were 74.07 Mg C/hm2 and 30.69 Tg C, respectively, in the Altay Mountains. Empirical comparisons of published equations for the same species growing in the Altay Mountains of Mongolia were also presented. The mean aboveground carbon stock density estimated for L. sibirica forests was higher in the Chinese Altay Mountains than in the Mongolian Altay Mountains (66.00 Mg C/hm2). 相似文献
16.
Spatial distribution pattern of Picea schrenkiana population in the Middle Tianshan Mountains and the relationship with topographic attributes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The spatial distribution of plant populations is an important feature of population structure and it determines the population's ecological preferences,biological characteristics and relationships with... 相似文献
17.
In some diseases-in particular, tree root infection-stages of infection and inoculum production level and timing are not readily observable because of uncertainty or time lags in symptom appearance. Here, we pose a criterion, based on relative hazard of disease symptoms, to discriminate between healthy and asymptomatic infected individuals. We design a statistical procedure to estimate the criterion for a 6-year survey of alder decline along a northeastern French river. Individual tree symptom hazard was modeled with Cox's regression model, taking estimation of local infection pressure as a risk factor. From an inoculum production experiment, we thereafter assessed the inoculum production level of target trees, including symptomatic and asymptomatic trees ranked according to their symptoms hazard. Using receiver operating characteristic methods, we first evaluated the criterion performance and determined the discrimination threshold to sort out asymptomatic individuals into healthy and infected. Then, we highlighted the fact that the infected asymptomatic trees were among the major inoculum producers whereas severely declining and dead trees were found to be poor inoculum sources. 相似文献
18.
黑河流域植被退化的主要原因分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
黑河流域地处我国西北内陆干旱区,生态与环境十分脆弱。据调查资料,自20世纪50年代以来,黑河中下游地区天然植被严重退化,植被覆盖度大于70%的林灌草甸草地减少了78.26%,覆盖度介于30%~70%之间的湖盆、洼地、沼泽草甸草地以及产量较高的草地减少了约40%,草地总面积也减少了将近50%。额济纳绿洲林地和沼泽地草甸植被面积与50年代相比,分布于河岸的胡杨、沙枣林面积减少54%,红柳林面积减少33%,成片的芨芨草甸、芦苇沼泽逐步消失,已被旱化的骆驼刺、花花柴、黑果枸杞群落取代;沿河乔灌木林严重退化,以疏林为主且林木生活力极差。植被退化的因素很多,近年来自然环境在缓慢地向干旱变化,但非主要因素,主要是进入下游的水量呈减少趋势,由此引起了区域地下水位持续下降,从而加大了包气带厚度,造成了包气带土壤的极度干旱化,使部分不适宜该水分和盐分生存的植物长势由密变稀、由好变坏、甚至死亡。 相似文献
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A survey for Bursaphelenchus spp. in pine forests in Norway 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Wood samples from pine trees were taken from 429 sites throughout Norway. The samples were selected as being either from (1) healthy trees, (2) trees suffering from stress, either physical or pathological or (3) dead trees. Nematodes were recovered from 39% of samples, most from dead wood and least from healthy trees. Species of Bursaphelenchus were recovered from 12% of dead trees and 5% of stressed trees, but were never found in healthy wood. B. mucronatus was found at just one site and in this sample it was associated with Monochamus sutor , only one of two sites at which the beetle was detected. Based on the information gained from the survey and from other sources, an assessment is made of the risk of introduction of B. xylophilus from outside Europe on imported wood and its survival, spread and disease potential in European forests. 相似文献
20.
光照对胡杨幼苗定居初期生长状况和生物量分配的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在自然条件下通过全自然光和遮光（20%自然光）处理研究胡杨（Populus euphratica Olivier)小幼苗生物和生物量分配对光因子的响应，实验表明光照对根冠比，叶面积比率和根重比率没有显著影响，光因子不改变胡杨幼苗生物量的分配状况，高光照能明显促进根的伸长，叶面积的增加和生物量的积累，遮荫环境则会阻碍胡杨幼苗的生长。 相似文献