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1.
Dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with desert ephemeral plants in Gurbantunggut Desert 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Previous studies documented that most desert plants can be colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi,however,little is known about how the dynamics of AM fungi are related to ephemerals in desert ecosystems.The dynamics of AM fungi with desert ephemerals were examined to determine the effects of host plant life stages on the development of AM fungi.Mean colonization of ephemeral annual plants was 45% lower than that of ephemeral perennial plants.The colonizations were much higher in the early part of the growing season than in later parts,peaking at flowering times.The phenology of AM fungi in root systems varied among different ephemerals.The density of AM fungal spores increased with the development of ephemeral annual plants,reached its maximum at flowering times,and then plateaued about 20 days after the aboveground senescence.A significant positive correlation was found between AM fungi spore density and biomass of ephemeral annual plants.The life cycles of AM fungi associated with desert ephemerals were very short,being about 60-70 days.Soil temperature and water content had no direct influence on the development of AM fungal spores.We concluded that the development of AM fungi was in response to desert ephemeral phenology and life history strategy. 相似文献
2.
Desert ephemeral plants play an important role in desert ecosystem.Soil water availability is considered as the major restrictive factor limiting the growth of ephemeral plants.Moreover,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AM fungi) are widely reported to improve the growth of desert ephemerals.The present study aimed to test the hypothesis of that AM fungi could alleviate drought stress of desert ephemeral Plantago minuta,and AM fungal functions reduced with the improvement of soil water content.A pot experiment was carried out with three levels of soil water contents(4.5%,9.0%,and 15.8%(w/w)),and three AM inoculation treatments(Glomus mosseae,Glomus etunicatum and non-inoculation).The results indicate that mycorrhizal colonization rate decreased with the increase of soil water availability.Inoculation improved plant growth and N,P and K acquisition in both shoots and roots regardless water treatments.When comparing the two fungi,plants inoculated with G.mosseae performed better than those inoculated with G.etunicatum in terms of plant growth and nutrient acquisition.These results showed that ameliorative soil water did not suppress arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal functions in improving growth and nutrient acquisition of desert ephemeral Plantago minuta. 相似文献
3.
为了探明干旱环境下AM真菌形态结构及其生态适应性,2009年7月在内蒙古和河北农牧交错带选取4个样地,采集沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)根围土壤样品,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对分离的AM真菌进行分类鉴定。共分离鉴定3属17种AM真菌,其中球囊霉属(Glomus)11种,无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)5种,盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)1种。沙棘AM真菌孢子具有体积小、颜色深、孢壁厚,整体形态不饱满等特征,表现出对干旱荒漠环境的生态适应性。扫描电镜下,不同属种孢子表面纹饰特征差异明显,可作为AM真菌属种分类的参考依据。 相似文献
4.
天津滨海盐碱土中VA茵根真菌资源调查研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对天津盐碱土中植物的VA菌根真菌共生状况进行了研究,结果表明:在9科23种盐生植物中,有19种盐生植物被菌根真菌侵染。所调查植物的VA菌根结构类型与宿主植物类型有关,禾本科(Poaceae)植物为P型菌根,豆科(Leguminosae),菊科(Compositae),柽柳科(Tamaricaceae)等其它科植物均为A型菌根;植物的菌根侵染率和植物本身的特性有关;菌根侵染率和孢子密度显著不相关(P=0.9740,r=0.1841,n=23)。 相似文献
5.
2004年7~12月在关中盆地西部,每月分别从0~10、10~20、20~30和30~40 cm 4个土层采集树莓根际土样,系统研究树莓根际AM真菌时空分布和土壤因子之间的相关性。结果表明,树莓能与AM真菌形成良好的共生关系。AM真菌的最高定殖率并不伴随有最大孢子密度,最高定殖率发生在9月,达86%,而最大孢子密度出现在11月,平均密度为14个/g土。土壤碱解氮与孢子密度呈极显著负相关,土壤有机质与孢子密度呈显著负相关,土壤pH与菌丝定殖率呈显著负相关,与泡囊定殖率呈极显著负相关。在检测和评估土壤生态状况和植物形成菌根的能力等方面,宿主植物根际AM真菌的孢子密度和AM真菌不同结构的定殖程度是十分有用的指标。 相似文献
6.
The vertical diversity and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were investigated in the Mu Us Desert, northwest China. Soils were sampled to 50?cm in depth in the rhizospheres of Hedysarum laeve, Artemisia ordosica, and Psammochloa villosa and 44 AM fungal species belonging to 10 genera were isolated. Several of these species have peculiar morphological features, which are distinct from other habitats. AM fungal diversity and distribution differed significantly among the three host plants and the five soil layers. Spore density, species richness, and the Shannon-Wiener index of AM fungi were 0.55–4.3 spores g?1 soil, 7–36 and 1.78–2.89, respectively. Spore density and species richness had a significant positive correlation with soil total phosphorus content (0.0377–0.1129?mg?g?1), and a negative correlation with soil pH (7.19–7.64). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling, PerMANOVA, and structural equation model analysis demonstrated that host plant species and soil depth significantly and directly influenced the structure of AM fungal communities. We concluded that diversity and distribution of AM fungi might be influenced by plant species, soil depth patterns, and soil nutrient availability in desert ecosystems. This research into AM fungal communities may lead to the development of AM fungi treatment for the mitigation of soil erosion and desertification using mycorrhizal plants, such as H. laeve, A. ordosica, and P. villosa. 相似文献
7.
内蒙古荒漠地区丛枝菌根植物的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文对内蒙古荒漠建群及优势植物的丛枝菌根共生状况进行了调查。在观察的16科76种植物中,被丛枝菌根真菌侵染的植物有61(占79. 8% )种;其中多年生草本植物被丛枝菌根真菌侵染的比例较高,占94. 46%;而一年生和二年生的草本植物的比例仅65%。须根系植物中菌根植物约占91. 3%,高于直根系(75. 5% )。古地中海孑遗种四合木(Tetraenamongolica)、棉刺(Potaniniamongolica)、沙冬青(Ammopiptanthusmongolicus)和强旱生植物半日花(Helianthemumsoongoricum)有一定的菌根侵染。本地区野生植物的丛枝菌根形态结构类型多数为Arum类型,占83. 6%;而Paris类型少,只占3. 3%。丛枝菌根结构类型与植物的生活型、根系类型和侵染率无关。 相似文献
8.
河北中部药用植物AM真菌生态学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2005年8月和10月,对河北省安国市境内种植的9种药用植物AM真菌侵染状况及与土壤因子的相关性进行了调查分析.结果表明,9种药用植物都能与AM真菌形成良好的共生关系,不同药用植物形成菌根的能力不同.形成的菌根包括重楼型(Paris-type)和疆南星型(Arum-type)2种类型.土壤碱解N与丹参和麻山药的孢子密度、北沙参菌丝定殖率和总定殖率呈显著正相关,与紫苑丛枝定殖率呈显著负相关.土壤速效P与丹参丛技定殖率、麻山药泡囊定殖率呈显著正相关,与桔梗孢子密度、白术泡囊定殖率呈显著负相关.土壤有机质与北柴胡孢子密度呈显著负相关.土壤pH与北沙参菌丝定殖率和总定殖率、北柴胡孢子密度呈显著负相关,与北沙参孢子密度呈显著正相关. 相似文献
9.
HongLing LIU Yong TAN Monika NELL Karin ZITTER-EGLSEER Chris WAWSCRAH Brigitte KOPP ShaoMing WANG Johannes NOVAK 《干旱区科学》2014,6(2):186-194
Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi penetrate the cortical cells of the roots of vascular plants,and are widely distributed in soil.The formation of these symbiotic bodies accelerates the absorption and utilization of mineral elements,enhances plant resistance to stress,boosts the growth of plants,and increases the survival rate of transplanted seedlings.We studied the effects of various arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi on the growth and development of licorice(Glycyrrhiza glabra).Several species of AM,such as Glomus mosseae,Glomus intraradices,and a mixture of fungi(G.mosseae,G.intraradices,G.cladoideum,G.microagregatum,G.caledonium and G.etunicatum)were used in our study.Licorice growth rates were determined by measuring the colonization rate of the plants by the fungi,plant dry biomass,phosphorus concentration and concentration of secondary metabolites.We established two cloned strains of licorice,clone 3(C3)and clone 6(C6)to exclude the effect of genotypic variations.Our results showed that the AM fungi could in fact increase the leaf and root biomass,as well as the phosphorus concentration in each clone.Furthermore,AM fungi significantly increased the yield of certain secondary metabolites in clone 3.Our study clearly demonstrated that AM fungi play an important role in the enhancement of growth and development of licorice plants.There was also a significant improvement in the secondary metabolite content and yield of medicinal compounds from the roots. 相似文献
10.
为明确丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌对加拿大一枝黄花Solidago canadensis与本地菌根植物和非菌根植物种间竞争格局的调控作用,采用温室盆栽试验,通过接种摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae(GM)、根内球囊霉G. intraradices(GI)及其混合菌种(GM+GI)3种处理,分析AM真菌对加拿大一枝黄花与本地菌根植物玉米Zea mays和非菌根植物油菜Brassica campestris种间作用的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,接种AM真菌均显著提高了加拿大一枝黄花和玉米的菌根侵染率,菌根侵染率为13.720%～50.015%,且前者的菌根侵染率明显高于后者。单独种植时,与对照相比,接种AM真菌尤其是接种混合菌种显著提高了加拿大一枝黄花的株高、叶片数和总干重。在加拿大一枝黄花与玉米混合种植时,与单独种植相比,加拿大一枝黄花的株高、叶片数、根长和总干重均较低;同时,与对照相比,接种AM真菌显著提高了玉米的相对竞争强度而对加拿大一枝黄花的相对竞争强度没有显著影响。在加拿大一枝黄花和油菜混合种植时,与对照相比,接种AM真菌则显著提高了加拿大一枝黄花的株高、叶片数、净光合速率和总干重;同时,接种AM真菌促进了入侵种的竞争优势而抑制了非菌根植物油菜的生长。说明加拿大一枝黄花与本地种的竞争格局受到与之混生物种的菌根依赖性强度以及AM真菌的种类差异影响。 相似文献
11.
Takuya Buto Kazuki Suzuki Tomoyuki Kaidzu Taishi Narisawa Oguz Can Turgay Ibrahim Ortas 《Arid Land Research and Management》2016,30(4):479-489
A minimal amount of information is currently available concerning arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal associations with crops in semi-arid zones on Leptosols in Turkey. Therefore, using molecular ecological techniques, we studied the effects of different management practices (without fertilization, chemical fertilization, farmyard manure, and plant compost amendments) on AM fungal communities associated with wheat roots. Experiments were conducted in a field established in 1996 in southern Mediterranean Turkey where soil productivity is low owing to unfavorable climatic effects and soil characteristics. We determined 201 partial sequences of AM fungal nuclear ribosomal large subunit genes. The higher AM fungal richness was found in the control treatment without fertilization and plant compost treatments compared with the chemical fertilization and farmyard manure treatments. Clones related to Rhizophagus were found in all treatments and accounted for 37% of the total AM fungal clones, whereas those of Funneliformis were dominant under chemical fertilization. Redundancy analysis based on the frequency of operational taxonomic units revealed that AM fungal communities were divided into three groups, namely, the control treatment, the chemical fertilization treatment, and the organic treatments (farmyard manure and plant compost treatments). Although different organic amendments supported relatively similar AM fungal communities, plant compost induced higher AM fungal richness than farmyard manure fertilization. 相似文献
12.
为探索丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌与植食性昆虫的相互作用,将摩西管柄囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae BEG167,Fm)、根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices BEG141,Gi)和地表球囊霉(Glomus versiforme Berch,Gv)3种AM真菌以及甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua分别接种至花生和番茄上,通过测定AM真菌的侵染定殖和甜菜夜蛾的生长发育指标分析AM真菌与甜菜夜蛾的相互作用。结果显示,甜菜夜蛾取食菌根花生植株后,Fm、Gv和Gi的侵染率和泡囊数均有增加,侵染率分别是未取食的1.15、1.10和1.11倍,而Fm的泡囊数增加最显著,是未取食的1.27倍。在菌根番茄植株上,Fm和Gv的侵染率显著增加,分别是未取食的1.24倍和1.94倍,Fm、Gv和Gi的泡囊数均显著增加,分别是未取食的1.50、1.98和1.42倍。甜菜夜蛾取食菌根花生和菌根番茄植株后,幼虫存活率下降,幼虫历期和蛹期明显延长;Fm对其影响最显著,甜菜夜蛾在花生上的存活率、幼虫历期和蛹期分别为26.67%、26.78 d和10.67 d,在番茄上分别为35.52%、24.33 d和10.39 d,与取食非菌根植株处理差异显著。表明甜菜夜蛾能在一定程度上促进AM真菌的侵染和定殖,而AM真菌能抑制甜菜夜蛾的生长和发育,但其影响因AM真菌种类而不同。 相似文献
13.
THOMAS Jacob 《干旱区科学》2017,9(1):109-121
Shada Mountains in Saudi Arabia, separated by Maleel Wadi into twin mountains(i.e., Shada Alalah and Shada Asfal), are rich in biodiversity. We investigated the diversity of endemics and endangered species of the mountains based on the data collected from 38 stands falling in 8 elevational zones ranging from 500 to 2215 m a.s.l. Results indicated that 495 plant species falling in 314 genera and 76 families occurred in the Shada Mountains, including 19 endemic species and 43 endangered species, and accounting for 22% of the total flora in Saudi Arabia. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that physiographic features, particularly altitude play an important role in the frequency and abundance of species. Endemics were not evenly distributed in the Shada Mountains and mostly restricted in the elevation zone of 1000–1500 or 1500 m a.s.l. When the altitude reached up to 2000 m a.s.l., the endemics decreased substantially due to the significantly low temperature. The endangered species existed three different distribution patterns:(i) most endangered species distributed in the altitudes of 1000–1800 m a.s.l.;(ii) endangered trees, lianas, and shrubs occupied the altitudes 1000–1300 m a.s.l.; and(iii) endangered subshrubs and herbs inhabited the altitudes 1500–2100 m a.s.l. The results demonstrated that the biodiversity of endangered species in the Shada Mountains is high and undisturbed by invasive species, and protective measures should be taken against human disturbances to the small-scale hotspot. 相似文献
14.
关中西部葛藤(Puerraria)根区AM真菌分布与定殖 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
分析陕西武功的药葛、粉葛和菜葛3个葛藤品种（Puerraria lobata）根区AM真菌的空间分布和定殖情况,以了解AM真菌分布和定殖与土壤因子间的相关性。结果表明：AM真菌定殖和空间分布与宿主种类和土壤深度密切相关。同一植物,品种不同AM真菌定殖率也不同,菜葛的总定殖率,泡囊和菌丝定殖率分别高达98．85％,82．79％,95．96％,均高于粉葛与药葛。丛枝定殖率粉葛显著高于药葛;孢子密度药葛高达7．95个/g土,显著高于菜葛和粉葛。AM真菌孢子密度和菌丝,丛枝及总定殖率均在0～10cm土层达到最大值,而其泡囊定殖率最大值则出现在10-20cm土层。葛藤根际土壤有机质与丛枝定殖率呈显著正相关。土壤pH值与总定殖率呈极显著负相关,与菌丝定殖率呈显著负相关。土样中AM真菌多为球囊霉属（Glomus）种类。也有少数无梗囊霉属（Acaulospora）和盾巨孢囊霉属（Scutellospora）种类,详细情况有待于进一步鉴定。 相似文献
15.
生防荧光假单胞菌CPF-10对西瓜根围土壤真菌群落的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨了生防菌荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas fluorescens CPF-10对西瓜根围土壤真菌群落结构的影响。采用传统分离培养法,结合变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析,研究了施用CPF-10后不同生育期西瓜根围土壤真菌群落结构的变化。结果表明:施入生防菌CPF-10后2周,其对土壤真菌有一定的促进作用;第3～7周时,CPF-10对土壤真菌尤其是部分病原菌有较强的抑制作用;CPF-10对丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)有一定的促进作用,可维持3周左右;收获期后则检测不到CPF-10对土壤真菌群落的影响。生防菌CPF-10对西瓜根围土壤真菌群落产生的短暂影响不会对土壤生态系统构成长期威胁。对比土著真菌及丛枝菌根真菌的DGGE图谱和切胶条带测序结果,发现DGGE技术更适用于分析小范围特定菌属如丛枝菌根真菌的变化。 相似文献
16.
ABSTRACT The associations of Pythium oligandrum with the root cortex, rhizoplane, and rhizosphere were measured with 11 crop species. This work was expedited by the use of a semiselective technique for isolation of P. oligandrum from soil and plant material. Cortical colonization of roots by P. oligandrum was not detected, and the rhizoplanes of the roots of most crops were free of the fungus. However, P. oligandrum was detected in large quantities with every crop tested when roots with adhering soil (rhizosphere soil) were assayed. Different crop species and cultivars of cantaloupe, cauliflower, and tomato varied in rhizosphere densities of P. oligandrum, but rhizosphere population densities of the fungus were consistently higher than in nonrhizosphere soils with plants grown in P. oligandrum-infested sterilized potting mix or an unsterilized mineral soil. After transplanting tomatoes into potting mix infested with P. oligandrum, increases in CFU occurred over time in the rhizosphere but not in the nonrhizosphere soil. In trials on delivery methods of inoculum of P. oligandrum, the rhizosphere populations of tomato plants grown in potting mix were about sixfold higher compared to seed-coat treatments when ground, alginate pelleted oospores were applied to seedlings growing in plug containers prior to transplanting or to pots containing potting mix before direct seeding. 相似文献
17.
Lendzemo V. Kuyper T. W. Urban A. Vegvari G. Puschenreiter M. Schickmann S. Langer I. Steinkellner S. Vierheilig H. 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2009,116(2):86-89
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Root exudates from sorghum, a Striga and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) host plant, and a number of Striga non-host plants which are AM host or AM... 相似文献
18.
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on severity of root rot of bananas caused by Cylindrocladium spathiphylli 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The interaction between four arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus sp., G. proliferum , G. intraradices and G. versiforme , and the root-rot fungus Cylindrocladium spathiphylli , and subsequent effects on growth and phosphorus nutrition of banana ( Musa acuminata , AAA, cv. Grande Naine) were investigated under glasshouse conditions. Overall, root infection by C. spathiphylli reduced the growth of banana plants, but preinoculation with AM fungi significantly attenuated this detrimental effect. Lower disease severity, stimulation of growth and increase of shoot P content were observed for the plants inoculated with one of the four AM fungi. Glomus sp. and G. proliferum induced the largest increase in growth parameters and shoot P content as compared to G. intraradices and G. versiforme , in the presence as well as in the absence of C. spathiphylli . Root damage caused by C. spathiphylli was decreased in the presence of AM fungi, but the inoculation of mycorrhizal plants with C. spathiphylli also decreased the intensity of AM fungal root colonization, indicating a clear interaction between the two organisms. 相似文献
19.
《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2002,60(3):103-109
Expression of Tenod40, a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi nc) homologue of Msenod40, a gene expressed early during alfalfa (Medicago sativa) nodule development, was significantly and consistently increased (about three-fold) in tobacco roots of plants grown in sand and colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices, as compared to non-mycorrhizal controls. In alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv. Gilboa), a similar induction of Msenod40 expression was also detected in mycorrhizal vs. non-mycorrhizal roots. In the same experimental system, the application of the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine to non-mycorrhizal roots resulted in a similar increase in Msenod40 expression. A significantly higher incidence of AM fungal colonization (vesicles per cm of root) in M. sativa cv. Gilboa roots was observed following application of luteolin-induced Sinorhizobium meliloti exudates as compared to plants amended with non-induced exudates. Moreover, overexpression of the Mtenod40 gene in Medicago truncatula plants under the control of a 35S constitutive promoter resulted in significantly enhanced colonization as compared to non-transgenic plants. The fact that enod40 gene expression was increased both in a legume and in a non-legume during colonization by the AM fungus, and that colonization levels were higher in enod40 -overexpressing transgenic plants strongly suggests that this gene is involved in the establishment of the fungal partner in its host. 相似文献
20.
Effects of climatic factors on native arbuscular mycorrhizae and Meloidogyne exigua in a Brazilian rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) plantation 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne exigua and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi may both occur in the roots of Brazilian rubber trees ( Hevea brasiliensis ). AM fungi may stimulate plant growth whereas nematodes usually reduce it. Variations of native AM fungi and M. exigua populations in soil and roots of rubber trees were studied for one year in a Brazilian plantation. The number of AM spores in the soil was generally greater in the rainy season than in the dry season, although AM colonization of roots was unaffected by season. During the dry season, numbers of juveniles and eggs of M. exigua in roots were lower than in the rainy season. A site without nematodes in the soil or roots showed the greatest numbers of AM spores in soil and highest AM colonization of roots. A negative correlation was observed between the percentage of AM colonization and the number of second-stage juveniles in soil and second-stage juveniles and eggs in roots. Microscope observations revealed (i) tissue specificity for each of the microorganisms in the roots, with a cortical location of mycorrhizae and a mainly vascular cylinder location of nematodes, and (ii) that Gigaspora was the most abundant AM genus in the plantation soil. 相似文献