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犊牛支原体肺炎的发病率一直居高不下,目前已证实该病成世界性分布。该病与日常的饲养管理方式关系密切。由于其病原复杂多样,更是增加了预防和治疗的难度。了解犊牛支原体肺炎的发病机制、改善并提高日常饲养管理模式对本病的预防有积极作用。 相似文献
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张建辉 《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2022,(3)
肺炎是犊牛生长发育过程中最易感染的一类呼吸系统疫病,发病原因主要归纳为传染性和非传染性因素。犊牛肺部感染后会出现咳嗽、呼吸困难、消瘦等症状,其发病原因主要与饲养管理不当和感染疾病有关,预防该病的主要措施有做好妊娠母牛和犊牛的饲养管理、降低环境应激刺激,减少环境温度突然变化,降低犊牛肺炎发病率。 相似文献
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田粉莉 《河南畜牧兽医(综合版)》2014,(5):33-33
犊牛肺炎可由条件性致病菌和特定性致病菌引起，犊牛肺炎是犊牛的3大疾病之一，也是犊牛的一种多发病和常发病，是附带有严重呼吸障碍的肺部炎症性疾患。初生至2月龄的犊牛较多发生。在2月龄时，犊牛的呼吸系统免疫力处于最低点（初乳被动免疫的减退和主动免疫发展滞后的综合结果）。这可能是大部分犊牛肺炎开始在这个时期出现的关键因素。犊牛自身的健康状况和免疫力高低是导致该病发生的直接原因；犊牛肺炎发病率高低也是衡量奶牛场犊牛饲养管理水平的指标之一。 相似文献
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今年1月我区一个犊牛饲养场发生一起以犊牛发热、气喘和咳嗽为主要症状的传染病。这次疾病发病较快，发病率高达29％（86／297），死亡率13．95％（12／86）。痊愈的病牛犊发育不良。体质较弱，体重明显小于同日龄其他犊牛。通过病牛的临床症状、病理解剖和病原分离和鉴定的结果初步认定为犊牛肺炎链球菌和支原体混合感染。现将本病的诊断和治疗情况介绍如下，供参考。 相似文献
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孙敬军 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2018,(10)
正犊牛传染性肺炎是养牛业的常见多发病,主要侵害犊牛,危害较大,该病多因饲养管理不当,牛舍环境卫生较差,有多种条件致病菌共同感染所致。通常情况下,50日龄内的哺乳犊牛会容易出现犊牛传染性肺炎,断奶后发生极少,但是发病率为25%～50%,所以犊牛肺炎的发病率比较高,死亡率更是高达60%～90%。1病理分析通常当犊牛出现精神沉郁,腹部在站立或侧卧时有明显煽动,或者犊牛的呼吸有明显起伏现象。或目光失神、眼窝下 相似文献
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犊牛肺炎是犊牛的一种常见病,以小叶性肺炎多见,多发于气温低、天气严寒的1-3月份出生的6~30日龄的犊牛。通过病因调查分析,该病可能发生的原因是阴天、雨天、风天和夜间低温、牛舍空气污浊、有烟雾、牛只拥挤、缺乏运动等。临床检查发现主要是呼吸道症状。患肺炎的犊牛,死亡率很高,患过肺炎的犊牛很容易发生呼吸道疾病。通过以抗菌素、磺胺类为主,配以强心补液的治疗措施获得良好疗效。因此笔者认为,应采用正确的饲养管理预防,并及时给予治疗病牛,才能避免造成更大经济损失。 相似文献
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[目的]比较娟姗牛和荷斯坦牛在养殖过程中的发病情况。[方法]收集、整理鹤庆县欧亚牧场2021年成年母牛发病率较高的8 种疾病和犊牛发病率较高的3 种疾病的月报表数据,用SPSS软件对试验数据进行统计分析。[结果]娟姗牛酮病、产后瘫痪和前胃弛缓的年平均发病率与荷斯坦牛无显著差异（P>0.05）,真胃移位、子宫炎、胎衣不下、乳房炎和肢蹄病的年平均发病率极显著低于荷斯坦牛（P<0.01）。娟姗牛犊牛肺炎、感冒年平均发病率与荷斯坦牛无显著差异（P>0.05）,而犊牛肺炎年平均发病率显著低于荷斯坦牛（P<0.05）。[结论]同等饲养管理条件下,娟姗牛抗病力较荷斯坦牛强。 相似文献
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针对美国某些奶牛场犊牛死亡率较高的现状,究其原因在很大程度上是由于初乳的饲喂和管理不尽合理造成的,本文的目的在于强调初乳对新生犊牛的重要性以及探讨初乳饲喂和管理的最佳方法。 相似文献
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饲养管理方式对甘南牦牛繁殖力及杂交后代影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]为了研究加强种公牛和母牦牛的饲养管理对母牦牛的繁殖效果和杂交后代生长发育的影响.[方法]本试验用大通牦牛和其冻精杂交甘南牦牛,通过对试验组的种公牛、母牦牛和杂交后代进行补饲、延长放牧时间和提前断奶等措施,研究了203头母牦牛的繁殖效果和其杂交后代的生长发育情况.[结果]表明,自然交配试验组发情率、受胎率、繁殖成活率分别比对照组提高9.19%、11.03%、14.10%,流产率和犊牛死亡率降低3.3%、3.87%;人工授精组发情率、受胎率、繁殖成活率分别提高6.74%、5.48%、10.52%,流产率和犊牛死亡率降低4.07%、4.62%.加强母牦牛的饲养管理,所产犊牛的初生重比传统饲养管理条件下母牦牛所产的犊牛初生重公母分别增加2.92 kg和2.07 kg,提高19.80%和14.22%.6月龄体重分别增加12.82 kg和12.23 kg,提高17.45%和16.88%.[结论] 用大通牦牛改良甘南牦牛,采用人工授精和自然交配都有良好的效果,加强种公牛、母牦牛饲养管理是提高牛群繁殖力的有效方法,对后代生长发育影响明显. 相似文献
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Calfhood diseases have a major impact on the economic viability of cattle operations. A three part review series has been developed focusing on calf health from birth to weaning. In this paper, the last of the three part series, we review disease prevention and management with particular reference to pneumonia, focusing primarily on the pre-weaned calf. Pneumonia in recently weaned suckler calves is also considered, where the key risk factors are related to the time of weaning. Weaning of the suckler calf is often combined with additional stressors including a change in nutrition, environmental change, transport and painful husbandry procedures (castration, dehorning). The reduction of the cumulative effects of these multiple stressors around the time of weaning together with vaccination programmes (preconditioning) can reduce subsequent morbidity and mortality in the feedlot. In most studies, calves housed individually and calves housed outdoors with shelter, are associated with decreased risk of disease. Even though it poses greater management challenges, successful group housing of calves is possible. Special emphasis should be given to equal age groups and to keeping groups stable once they are formed. The management of pneumonia in calves is reliant on a sound understanding of aetiology, relevant risk factors, and of effective approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Early signs of pneumonia include increased respiratory rate and fever, followed by depression. The single most important factor determining the success of therapy in calves with pneumonia is early onset of treatment, and subsequent adequate duration of treatment. The efficacy and economical viability of vaccination against respiratory disease in calves remains unclear. 相似文献
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The objectives were to investigate the association between postcolostral serum IgG and the development of calf pneumonia, to elaborate the risk factors for pneumonia, and to compare the risk factors for clinician- and caregiver-diagnosed respiratory disease. In a prospective observational cohort study, 410 heifer calves were clinically examined weekly by a veterinarian during their first 3 months of life. With an initial questionnaire and during these weekly visits, management data were collected. A nested matched case-control design was used to compare risk factors between 105 calves with respiratory disease and their 59 control calves from the same initial population. The IgG levels were determined from blood samples taken within 2 weeks after colostrum intake. The appropriate cutoff point for the postcolostral IgG level to indicate failure of passive antibody transfer when predicting pneumonia appeared to be between 800 and 1300 mg/dl (values < or = the cutoff point indicated failure). Calves with low IgG levels had 2-times higher odds of pneumonia than calves with higher IgG concentrations. Housing mostly in the presence of adult cattle was a risk factor for pneumonia, whereas housing mostly alone in a hutch was protective. Feeding of mastitic colostrum was a risk factor for clinician-diagnosed pneumonia in the analysis of the cohort study but not in the matched case-control design. There was a three-times higher risk of pneumonia if calves were given their dam's colostrum for the first feeding and the dam had clinical mastitis at the time of first milking. Caregiver- and clinician-diagnosed pneumonia had slightly different risk factors which implies that caution should be used when comparing studies based on different definitions of pneumonia. The practical implications of this study are that more attention should be paid to proper housing conditions of the calves in order to reduce incidence of pneumonia. 相似文献