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用转双抗虫基因741杨(简称转基因741杨)不同系号分别从不同龄期开始连续饲养舞毒蛾Lmantria disparL和杨扇舟蛾Clostera anachoreta(Fabricius)幼虫,通过幼虫死亡率、发育速率、体重增加速率、排粪量、蛹重等指标,系统揭示了转基因741杨对从不同龄期开始饲养的舞毒蛾和杨扇舟蛾各龄幼虫生长发育的影响。结果表明:用转基因741杨开始饲养的舞毒蛾和杨扇舟蛾幼虫的龄期越低,其死亡率越高,对幼虫生长发育的抑制作用越明显,随着开始饲养龄期的升高,幼虫的死亡率降低,生长发育受的抑制作用减弱。通过比较分别从1、2、3、4、5龄开始饲养的舞毒蛾各龄幼虫的体重增加速率、发育历期和排粪量表明,转基因741杨对从不同龄期开始饲养的舞毒蛾幼虫生长至同一龄期的抗性不同,取食转基因741杨的时间越长对舞毒蛾幼虫的抑制作用越明显。 相似文献
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在2003年,在内蒙古林区利用舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒、BtMP-342、性引诱剂和植物制剂等多种生物措施对舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar L.)进行防治试验.利用两种浓度(2.632×106 PIB·mL-1 and 2.632×107 PIB·mL-1)的舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫进行喷洒试验,防治效果分别达到70%和77.8%.BtMP0-342被用于舞毒蛾3、4龄幼虫的防治,防治效果达80%.性引诱剂在诱捕舞毒蛾成虫时也显示了良好的效果.自制的植物性杀虫剂是从大兴安岭地区有毒植物中提取的植物性杀虫活性物质,对舞毒蛾的幼虫具有良好的防治效果,在实验室内应用原液防治舞毒蛾3,5龄幼虫的效果达82%. 相似文献
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为研究甲氧虫酰肼(RH-2485)对舞毒蛾幼虫的杀虫活性,采用叶片药膜法测定该药剂对舞毒蛾不同龄期幼虫的生物活性及对其体内解毒酶活性的影响,并通过SDS-PAGE对舞毒蛾幼虫不同组织的蛋白质表达进行检测。结果表明:甲氧虫酰肼对舞毒蛾2～6龄幼虫均表现出较高活性,其中对2,3龄幼虫毒性最强,说明甲氧虫酰肼对舞毒蛾幼虫的影响存在明显的龄期差异。该药剂对2,4,6龄幼虫体内的羧酸酯酶、多功能氧化酶O-脱甲基和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶等主要解毒酶存在显著影响,表现为诱导、抑制作用;在不同的处理时间,对这些酶的影响存在明显差异。舞毒蛾4龄幼虫经甲氧虫酰肼处理后,血淋巴、中肠及表皮组织中均发现与对照组有差异的蛋白,其中处理12h和24h时,对血淋巴和中肠组织中的蛋白质影响比较明显,48h后,对表皮组织中的蛋白质表达的影响较为显著。甲氧虫酰肼作为非甾醇类蜕皮激素竞争物中的新型化合物,能干扰舞毒蛾幼虫体内主要解毒酶活性,诱导血淋巴、中肠和表皮组织中产生特异蛋白,从而影响舞毒蛾正常的生理代谢,起到毒杀作用,可有效防治舞毒蛾。 相似文献
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舞毒蛾是世界性害虫。用２．５％溴氰菊酯乳剂、４０％久效磷乳油和４０％氧化乐果乳油，对舞毒蛾幼虫进行喷杀试验，平均死亡率分别为９９．４％、９８．２５％及８８．２５％。用２．５％溴氰菊酯乳油制成毒绳，对舞毒蛾２～３龄虫和４～５龄幼虫进行扎毒绳试验，平均死亡率分别为９６．７％及７６．６％。扎毒绳田间防治示范，平均杀虫效果达９１．３％。 相似文献
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通过在转基因741杨林中,对靶标害虫舞毒蛾实验种群生命表的比较研究,证明转基因741杨林中舞毒蛾世代存活率与对照相比显著降低,种群趋势指数降低了82%～92%,表明转基因杨可以减少靶标害虫的自然种群数量.经存活曲线分析得知舞毒蛾种群的个体死亡主要发生在幼龄幼虫期,特别是对1,2龄幼虫的致死能力更为明显.经过对转基因741杨林中舞毒蛾各死亡因子的致死力比较分析可知:由毒蛋白直接引起的食物和环境共同作用、病菌致死以及间接引起的化蛹死亡率升高的最为明显,转基因741杨林中舞毒蛾各龄期幼虫寄生性天敌的寄生率较之未转基因林下降. 相似文献
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为探索荧光增白剂Tinopal LPW对舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒(LdNPV)的增效机制,明确寄主植物、LdNPV地理品系对舞毒蛾酚氧化酶(Phenoloxidase,PO)的影响,用Tinopal LPW,LdNPV 3种不同地理品系(LdNPV-H品系、LdNPV-D品系、LdNPV-J品系)以及它们的混合液共6个处理,蒸馏水及Tinopal LPW 2个对照,分别处理以青杨、华北落叶松和山杏为寄主植物的舞毒蛾5龄幼虫.在处理后12,24,48,72,96 h测定舞毒蛾5龄幼虫血淋巴酚氧化酶(PO)比活力,每处理30头5龄幼虫,重复3次.结果表明:寄主植物对舞毒蛾5龄幼虫血淋巴PO比活力的影响差异显著.纯病毒品系感染舞毒蛾幼虫时,12 h取食3种植物的幼虫血淋巴PO比活力均高于对照,24 h后低于对照.3个地理品系与Tinopal LPW混合液感染舞毒蛾幼虫,其PO活力与取食的寄主植物有关,取食山杏时,3个品系的Tinopal LPW混合液对PO活力的抑制均显著高于纯病毒品系及对照.取食青杨或华北落叶松时,H品系和D品系的Tinopal LPW混合液对PO活力的抑制显著高于单独病毒品系,但J品系的Tinopal LPW混合液对PO活力的抑制与单纯J品系无显著差异.Tinopal LPW对照与清水对照比较,显著降低了舞毒蛾幼虫PO活力. 相似文献
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舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒3个地理品系的毒力比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用室内食料给毒法测定了舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒3个地理品系LdNPV-D(北美品系)、Ld-NPV-H(中国黑龙江品系)和LdNPV-J(日本品系)对取食落叶松Larix principis-rupprechtii的舞毒蛾Lymantria dispar 2龄幼虫的致死中量及致死中时间.结果表明,致死中量依次为24(14～38),30(16～67),4 472(1 149～79 335)OBs/μL.3个地理品系的致死中时间依次是9.6(8.6～11.9),20.6(17.6～28.5),20.2(17.7～25.5)d.LdNPV-D对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫的致死中量低,致死中时间短,毒力最高;日本品系LdNPV-J的毒力最低. 相似文献
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甲氧虫酰肼对舞毒蛾幼虫保护酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
测定甲氧虫酰肼(RH-2485)对舞毒蛾幼虫保护酶活性的影响。结果表明:舞毒蛾2龄、4龄、6龄幼虫经甲氧虫酰肼处理后,其体内的酚氧化酶(PO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性均先被诱导后被抑制。甲氧虫酰肼对舞毒蛾4龄、6龄幼虫体内过氧化物酶(POD)也表现为先诱导后抑制的作用,其中在处理24h时,对该酶的诱导作用最强,分别为同期对照的1.603,1.805倍;处理48h后,对该酶的抑制作用最强,分别为同期对照的0.858,0.608倍,差异均极显著(P<0.01);但对2龄幼虫体内该酶具有明显的抑制作用,其中在处理24h后,对该酶的抑制作用最强,为同期对照的0.541倍,差异极显著(P<0.01)。甲氧虫酰肼对舞毒蛾幼虫体内几丁质酶也存在影响,其中对2龄幼虫体内该酶具有先诱导后抑制作用,对4龄、6龄幼虫体内该酶具有明显抑制作用。因此,甲氧虫酰肼能有效干扰舞毒蛾幼虫正常的生理代谢,从而起到毒杀作用。 相似文献
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Pyemotes sp. and Scleroderma guani were used to control the larvae of Semanotus bifasciatus. The results as follows: (1) the suitable control time of Pyemotes sp.was from early April to early May. The reason was that in this time, the larvae of S. bifasciatus were young and not bored into xylem that was so easy to be parasitized by Pyemotes sp. With the parasitic rate 80% in average. Indoor experiment showed that the Pyemotes sp. had the same tropism selection to every instar for the host, but the parasitic rate was higher in low instar than other instars.(2)Using Scleroderma guani to control S. bjfasciatus, the suitable time was from mid May to mid June, the optimal ratio of host and parasite was 1∶ 1. Indoor experiment showed that Scleroderma guani had strong tropism toward middle-aged and elder larvae, the parasite linger around them and choose suitable position on hosts where they could lay eggs successfully. This behavior showed that Scleroderma guani had strict selectivity for their hosts. In experiment, the authors found a phenomenon that in one trap wood, both the Pyemotes sp. and Scleroderma guani could be found at the same time, they themselves did not affect each other and otherwise they could increase the parasitic rate for host. So, the authors suggested that in practice to control pests especially for boring pests, the Scleroderma guani and Pyemotes sp could be used at the same time. 相似文献
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ZHANG Xiao-fen CHEN Min ZHANG Bin-yu LUO You-qing HOU Ying-jie SU Xiao-hua 《中国林学(英文版)》2009,11(3):164-167
Laboratory feeding experiments with the poplar aphid, Chaitophorus populeti (Panzer), feeding on transgenic poplar (P. alba × P. glandulosa) varieties C13-5 and C013-5, were carried out to study the effect of transgenic poplar on the ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). The mortality and development time of the immature stages, the eclosion rate and body mass of H. axyridis were measured. The results indicated that C. populeti feeding on different varieties of transgenic plants had no statistically significant effect on the mortality of H. axyridis larvae. The development time of larval and pupal stages were not significantly different between the two transgenic poplars
and a non-transgenic poplar. Furthermore, the body mass and eclosion rate did not show any difference between the H. axyridis feeding on aphids reared on transgenic plants and those from non-transgenic plants. It is suggested that transgenic plants
have no deleterious effect on the predatory ladybird. 相似文献
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Kazutaka Kato 《Journal of Forest Research》2005,10(3):205-210
The factors involved in the successful escape of overwintered larvae of Epinotia granitalis from host oleoresin in the phloem of Cryptomeria japonica were studied. The mortality, period, and body weight of E. granitalis overwintered larvae while feeding on the phloem of C. japonica were compared with the same parameters for Semanotus japonicus larvae. The seasonal fluctuation in the ability of C. japonica to form traumatic resin canals in the phloem was also assessed. The oleoresin mortality of E. granitalis was low compared with that of S. japonicus. Although both species started feeding on approximately the same date in spring, the feeding period of E. granitalis was only about 24 days, showing that E. granitalis faced the danger of host oleoresin for a shorter period than S. japonicus. The larval weight of E. granitalis was consistently greater than that of S. japonicus through the phloem-feeding period of E. granitalis, and the growth rate was also higher in E. granitalis, suggesting that E. granitalis had a better ability to avoid host oleoresin. These results demonstrated that not only the feeding habits, that is, the tendency of a single larva to feed at several sites, but also the shorter feeding period and larger body size were probably the important factors facilitating escape of E. granitalis from host oleoresin mortality. Furthermore, the ability of C. japonica to form traumatic resin canals increased after the starting date of larval feeding in spring. Because E. granitalis finished feeding before the culmination of the ability of C. japonica to form traumatic resin canals, it was likely that the shorter feeding period was the most important factor in enabling E. granitalis to escape from mortality by host oleoresin. 相似文献
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Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), (= A. marcopoli Obenberger), is an important bark beetle attacking ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). It is very difficult to detect and control because of its highly concealed life history. This pest mainly distributed
in partial Asian countries (China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia) and Far East Russia, while in China it presented in Heilongjiang,
Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Taiwan Provinces and Tianjin City, etc. The important timber species F. mandshurica and gardening tree F. velutina were damaged severely in northern China. Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an important ectoparasitic wasp of the EAB larvae. This parasitoid has the potential to
use as an excellent biological control agent for suppressing populations of EAB. The differences of emergence date between
overwintered S. agrili and its host, parasitism rates at different periods, relations between parasitism rates and host densities, and relationships
between ovipositions of braconid wasp and body sizes of host larvae were studied using methods of regular surveys in forests
and observations in laboratory. Results revealed that the emergence of S. agrili was more than one month later than that of its host. It suggests good synchrony between parasitoid emergence and host availability.
The overwintered S. agrili emerged from mid June to mid August with the peak in July in 2003, and it lasted from late May till late July with the peak
during late June to early July in 2004. While the EAB emergence period ranged from mid May to late May in 2003, it ranged
from mid April to mid May in 2004 (in laboratory). The emergence date of parasitoid asynchronously inosculated with the optimum
developmental instars of the earliest host larvae, which was the result of a long-term co-evolution between the two species.
It was also suggested that the parasitoid S. agrili could be a specialized natural enemy for EAB. The natural parasitism rates on the whole gradually increased in field with
time. The body sizes of host larvae, i.e. larval instar, affected the decision of parasitoid S. agrili to lay eggs or not. Under natural conditions, this parasitoid usually oviposited only on those host larvae with a prontum
and body width more than 1.5 mm, and a body length in excess of 12 mm, i.e. the third or fourth instar larvae. These findings
would consequentially contribute to the further successfully biological control of the trunk borer.
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Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(4): 1,103–1,109 [译自: 生态学报] 相似文献
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Control of Lymantria dispar L. by biological agents 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The experiment on control ofLymantria dispar L by using different kinds of biological measures, including nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) ofLymantria dispar L., BtMP-342, sex-attractant as well as botanical insecticide, was carried out in the forest regions of Inner Mongolia in
2003. Two concentrations (2.632×106 PIB·ml−1 and 2.632×107 PIB·ml−1) ofLymantria dispar L. NPV were sprayed on the 2rd-instar-larvae ofL. dispar and 70% and 77.8% control effect were obtained respectively. BtMP0-342 was applied to the 3rd- and 4th-instar larvae and
the control effect was around 80%. The sex-attractant provided by Canada Pacific Forestry Research Center also showed a good
result in trappingL. dispar adults. The self-produced botanical insecticide, which was extracted from a kind of poisonous plant distributed in Daxing'an
Mountains, China, exhibited a good control result in controlling the larvae ofL. dispar, and 82% mortality was observed when spraying primary liquid of the botanical insecticide on the 3rd–5th-instar-larvae in
lab.
Foundation item: This paper was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (C0235) and Youth Foundation of Harbin City
(0061218024).
Biography: ZHANG Guo-cai (1964), male, Ph. Doctor Candidate, associate professor in School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University,
Harbin 150040, P. R. China.
Responsible editor: Song Funan 相似文献
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研究测定了松褐天牛肿腿蜂对松褐天牛1～3龄幼虫的控制作用,采用林间和室内罩网相结合的方法研究了2组松褐天牛肿腿蜂对松褐天牛幼虫的寄生情况.结果显示:在室内试验条件下,松褐天牛肿腿蜂产卵之前的刺蛰、补充营养取食能直接造成松褐天牛1～3龄幼虫死亡,对1、2及3龄幼虫的平均致死率分别为95.66％、85.91％、57.88％,并可产卵寄生2、3龄幼虫;林间释放2组松褐天牛肿腿蜂后,在刺蛰和补充营养取食后能有效寄生寄主的肿腿蜂雌蜂数量比例变化较大,有效肿腿蜂率最高为14.9％,最低为2.3％.松褐天牛肿腿蜂寄生行为不受寄主聚集程度的影响,但刚羽化出茧肿腿蜂雌蜂的寄生效率比经饲喂后的雌蜂高近5倍.从肿腿蜂单一个体来看,每头雌蜂补充营养取食和产卵寄生致死的松褐天牛幼虫数为2.1～7.7头.松褐天牛肿腿蜂雌蜂的补充营养习性及刺蛰、取食致死寄主行为在防治中有很重要的作用,表明该种肿腿蜂是防治松褐天牛的重要天敌,在生物防治松褐天牛幼龄幼虫上具有良好的应用前景. 相似文献
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G. Georgiev 《Journal of pest science》2005,78(3):161-165
The major bioecological characteristics of Bracon intercessor Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of the poplar clearwing moth, Paranthrene tabaniformis (Rott.) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), were studied from 1987 to 2003. Poplar shoots infested with P. tabaniformis larvae were collected in 11 localities in Bulgaria and examined in the laboratory, and infestations were also studied in the field. B. intercessor was recorded in seven localities and was found to be a gregarious external larval parasitoid of P. tabaniformis. Two generations of the parasitoid developed on the host. The first (summer) generation was associated with early and mid-stage (up to third instar) host larvae, and the second (overwintering) generation with third- to fifth-instar larvae. The average number of parasitoid individuals feeding on a host was 4.5 and 12.4 in summer and overwintering generations, respectively. The maximum number recorded was 25 individuals per host in the overwintering generation. B. intercessor overwintered as a mature larva on the host and completed its development in early spring. The adults from the overwintering generation appeared in April, about 1 month prior to emergence of P. tabaniformis. The life cycle of B. intercessor was not in close synchrony with the development of P. tabaniformis in the spring, but the parasitoid adults which fed on honey-sugar solution lived for up to 31 days (males) and 86 days (females), respectively. This suggests that, in the field, B. intercessor females eclosing in the spring could survive until the host larvae appear if nectar is available. Adults of the summer generation emerge from July to September when sufficient suitable host larvae are available. B. intercessor was responsible for 1.5% of the average mortality of the P. tabaniformis overwintering larvae. The host mortality caused by the summer generation of the parasitoid ranged from 3.2% to 5.8%. 相似文献
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Essential oils of Vitex trifolia and Vitex agnus-castus were evaluated against Vth instar larvae of Spilosoma obliqua, when applied topically on the dorsal side of mesothoracic region, for insect growth regulatory activity. This treatment caused extended larval period and pupal period, increase in larval mortality and adult deformity and decrease in adult emergence, fecundity of female and egg fertility of test insect. 相似文献