首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
1.
  相似文献   

2.
Precipitation, a natural feature of weather systems in the Earth, is vitally important for the environment of any region. Under global climate change condition, the characteristics of precipitation have changed as a consequence of enhanced global hydrological cycle. The source region of the Yellow River(SRYR), locating within the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is sensitive to the global climate change due to its complex orography and fragile ecosystem. To understand the precipitation characteristics and its impacts on the environment in the region, we studied the characteristics of rainy days and precipitation amount of different precipitation classes, such as light(0–5 and 5–10 mm), moderate(10–15, 15–20 and 20–25 mm) and heavy(≥25 mm) rains by analyzing the precipitation data of typical meteorological stations in the SRYR during the period 1961–2014, as well as the trends of persistent rainfall events and drought events. Results showed that annual average precipitation in this area had a non-significant(P>0.05) increasing trend, and 82.5% of the precipitation occurred from May to September. Rainy days of the 0–5 mm precipitation class significantly decreased, whereas the rainy days of 5–10, 10–15, and 20–25 mm precipitation classes increased and that of ≥25 mm precipitation class decreased insignificantly. The persistent rainfall events of 1-or 2-day and more than 2-day showed an increasing trend, with the 1-or 2-day events being more frequent. Meanwhile, the number of short drought periods(≤10 days) increased while long drought periods(>10 days) decreased. Since the 0–5 mm precipitation class had a huge impact on the grasslands productivity; the 5–10, 10–15, and 20–25 mm precipitation classes had positive effects on vegetation which rely on the deep soil water through moving nutrients and water into the root zone of these vegetation or through the plant-microbe interactions; the ≥25 mm precipitation class contributed to the floods; and more persistent rainfall events and fewer long drought events inferred positive effects on agriculture. Thus, these results indicate grassland degradation, less risk of floods, and the upgrading impact of climate change on agriculture. This study may provide scientific knowledge for policymakers to sustain the eco-environmental resources in the SYSR.  相似文献   

3.
Yuling HU 《干旱区科学》2017,9(6):924-937
Based on daily precipitation data from 163 meteorological stations, this study investigated precipitation changes in the mid-latitudes of the Chinese mainland(MCM) during 1960–2014 using the climatic trend coefficient, least-squared regression analysis, and a non-parametric Mann-Kendall test.According to the effects of the East Asian summer monsoon on the MCM and the climatic trend coefficient of annual precipitation during 1960–2014, we divided the MCM into the western MCM and eastern MCM. The western MCM was further divided into the western MCM1 and western MCM2 in terms of the effects of the East Asian summer monsoon. The main results were as follows:(1) During the last four decades of the 20~(th) century, the area-averaged annual precipitation presented a significant increasing trend in the western MCM, but there was a slight decreasing trend in the eastern MCM, where a seesaw pattern was apparent. However, in the 21~(st) century, the area-averaged annual precipitation displayed a significant increasing trend in both the western and eastern MCM.(2) The trend in area-averaged seasonal precipitation during 1960–2014 in the western MCM was consistent with that in the eastern MCM in winter and spring. However, the trend in area-averaged summer precipitation during1960–2014 displayed a seesaw pattern between the western and eastern MCM.(3) On an annual basis,both the trend in rainstorms and heavy rain displayed a seesaw pattern between the western and eastern MCM.(4) The precipitation intensity in rainstorms, heavy rain, and moderate rain made a greater contribution to changes in the total precipitation than precipitation frequency. The results of this study will improve our understanding of the trends and differences in precipitation changes in different areas of the MCM. This is not only useful for the management and mitigation of flood disasters, but is also beneficial to the protection of water resources across the MCM.  相似文献   

4.
It is widely accepted that hydrogeochemistry of saline springs is extremely important to understand the water circulation and evolution of saline basins and to evaluate the potential of potassium-rich evaporites.The Kuqa Basin,located in the northern part of the Tarim Basin in Northwest China,is a saline basin regarded as the most potential potash-seeking area.However,the origin and water circulation processes of saline springs have yet to be fully characterized in this saline basin.In this study,a total of 30 saline spring samples and 11 river water samples were collected from the Qiulitage Structural Belt(QSB)of the Kuqa Basin.They were analyzed for major(K^+,Ca2^+,Na^+,Mg2^+,SO42-,Cl-and HCO3-)and trace(Sr2^+and Br-)ion concentrations,stable H-O-Sr isotopes and tritium concentrations in combination with previously published hydrogeochemical and isotopic(H-O)data in the same area.It is found that the water chemical type of saline springs in the study area belonged to the Na-Cl type,and that of river water belonged to the Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4 type.The total dissolved solid(TDS)of saline springs in the QSB ranged from 117.77 to 314.92 g/L,reaching the brine level.On the basis of the general chemical compositions and the characteristics of the stable H-O-Sr isotopes of saline springs,we infer that those saline springs mainly originated from precipitation following river water recharging.In addition,we found that saline springs were not formed by evapo-concentration because it is unlikely that the high chloride concentration of saline springs resulted in evapo-concentration and high salinity.Therefore,we conclude that saline spring water may have experienced intense evapo-concentration before dissolving the salty minerals or after returning to the surface.The results show that the origin of salinity was mainly dominated by dissolving salty minerals due to the river water and/or precipitation that passed through the halite-rich stratum.Moreover,there are two possible origins of saline springs in the QSB:one is the infiltration of the meteoric water(river water),which then circulates deep into the earth,wherein it dissolves salty minerals,travels along the fault and returns to the surface;another is the mixture of formation water,or the mixture of seawater or marine evaporate sources and its subsequent discharge to the surface under fault conditions.Our findings provide new insight into the possible saltwater circulation and evolution of saline basins in the Tarim Basin.  相似文献   

5.
Worldwide, there is increasing focus on implementation of Quality Assurance systems (QA-systems) in plant health diagnostic laboratories. Several laboratories are in the development or implementation phase and some laboratories have gained accreditation through approval by national accreditation boards. To initiate the process of developing and implementing QA-systems, management and staff need a strong motivation factor. First, because it is a time-consuming and demanding process to go through. Second, because plant health testing does not fit very well into the QA-systems that traditionally were developed for chemical or physical testing laboratories. External pressure is often the only way to generate this motivation factor amongst staff and management to initiate the development of QA-systems. The principal motivation factor in our laboratory was a national requirement that official testing laboratories should implement QA-systems. At the Danish Plant Directorate (PD) we have gained experiences with accreditation of plant health diagnostic methods during the past 5 years. The focus of this paper is a presentation of the consequences and the practical approach to comply with the requirements of ISO 17025 in our plant health diagnostic laboratory. This includes the themes: staff competence and responsibilities, documentation and traceability, and continuous assessment and improvement of the QA-system.  相似文献   

6.
Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)-PAV isolates from USA have been separated into two distinct clusters (Chay et al. (1996) Virology 219: 57–65; Chay et al. (1996) Phytopathology 86: 370–377). Following this finding we have shown that BYDV-PAV is divided into two groups cpA and cpB based on their coat protein gene sequence, and distinct host preferences (Mastari et al. (1998) Phytopathology 88: 818–821). We have sequenced the complete 3 half of the genomes of two lethal and two mild cpA isolates and compared them with those of several known PAV cpA isolates to assess variability and locate potential determinants of severity. Open reading frames (ORFs) 3, 4, 5, 6 and the 3 untranslated regions had different percent homologies between isolates: ORF5 (92–97%), ORF3 (88–98%) 3-translational enhancer (87–100%) ORF4 (85–99%), 3 untranslated region (72–97%) and ORF6 (61–99%). In contrast to the mild isolates, the field-lethal isolates (FHv1 and FHv2) fell into the same cluster, regardless of the genomic region analysed. The isolates FHv1 and FHv2 differed from mild isolates by eight amino acid substitutions in ORFs 3 and 4, and insertions in ORF5. Four amino acid substitutions in the 17-kDa protein encoded by ORF4 caused a change in local net charge in the field-lethal isolates. Two insertions of four amino acids were identified in the C-terminal half of ORF5 of the field-lethal isolates, but were not present systematically in all lethal isolates analysed. The potential relationships of these differences in predicted amino acid sequences to disease severity are discussed.  相似文献   

7.
Surveys of thrips and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) on weeds were conducted in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey during the years 2004–2006. Thrips species were collected by vigorously shaking weedy plants into a white container for 15 sec. Plant material collected during field surveys and plants which were used for mechanical inoculation of TSWV, were tested by DAS–ELISA. The weed species Ranunculus muricatus, Melilotus officinalis, Sinapis arvensis and Portulaca oleracea were used for the virus transmission experiments in an enclosed high plastic tunnel and in cage experiments. Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentlis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), was the most common thrips, inhabiting 80 of the 82 weed species sampled. Adults of F. occidentalis and thrips larvae were significantly more abundant on S. arvensis than on the other weed species sampled (P<0.05). Adult and larval thrips showed peak densities on most weeds in April or May. Summer annual weeds were not good hosts for reproduction of the thrips. A total of 90 samples from 17 plant species belonging to 11 plant families were ELISA positive for TSWV. No TSWV was detected on 65 weed species belonging to 26 plant families. High numbers of plant samples infected by TSWV were obtained in P. oleracea (21 samples) and in R. muricatus (15 samples). In field surveys symptoms of TSWV were detected on only R. muricatus. Incidence of the TSWV on weeds ranged between 5% and 25%. Transmission rates of TSWV by F. occidentalis to the weeds ranged from 33% to 83% in the pepper plastic tunnel and cage experiments.  相似文献   

8.
  相似文献   

9.
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The red palm mite Raoiella indica Hirst attacks coconut, banana and açai trees. In 2007, the mite was recorded for the first time in South America....  相似文献   

10.
Spread patterns of a Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) epidemic and a mealybug infestation survey over 10 year were recorded in two Burgundy French vineyards to investigate the relation between them. The temporal evolution of leafroll spread at both study sites was compared on disease incidence data with logistic regression models. We first tested if the spatial distribution of the disease and the mealybug were aggregated using permutation methods, then we tested the independence between the two spatial patterns by randomly shifting one pattern. In Bonzon, an increase from 5 % to 86 % of leafroll prevalence was observed over an 8-year time span, whereas leafroll prevalence remained stable around 5 % in Marsannay-la-Côte during the same period. In Bonzon, the disease spread rapidly from older neighbouring vineyards in four main patches while no spread of the disease was recorded from infected vines in Marsannay-la-Côte. The mealybug Phenacoccus aceris was recorded on 74 % of vines in Bonzon throughout the study and only 6 % of vines in Marsannay-la-Côte. In the latter location, the disease was not associated with the presence of the mealybug, so that it may have arisen from infected plant material escaping the sanitary inspection. In Bonzon, the significant statistical correlation between the mealybug distribution and diseased plants suggests that P. aceris was responsible for the rapid spread of GLRaV-1 in the vineyard. This is the first report of GLRaV-1 natural spread in Europe.  相似文献   

11.
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - We show here that the disodium salt of 2-acetyl-5-chloro-4- hydroxycarbonylmethylthiocyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione (salt 2) inhibits tobacco mosaic virus...  相似文献   

12.
Researching into changes in thermal growing season has been one of the most important scientific issues in studies of the impact of global climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. However, few studies investigated the differences under various definitions of thermal growing season and compared the trends of thermal growing season in different parts of China. Based on the daily mean air temperatures collected from 877 meteorological stations over northern China from 1961 to 2015, we investigated the variations of the thermal growing season parameters including the onset, ending and duration of the growing season using the methods of differential analysis, trend analysis, comparative analysis, and Kriging interpolation technique. Results indicate that the differences of the maximum values of those indices for the thermal growing season were significant, while they were insignificant for the mean values. For indices with the same length of the spells exceeding 5°C, frost criterion had a significant effect on the differences of the maximum values. The differences of the mean values between frost and non-frost indices were also slight, even smaller than those from the different lengths of the spells. Temporally, the starting date of the thermal growing season advanced by 10.0–11.0 days, while the ending dates delayed by 5.0–6.0 days during the period 1961–2015. Consequently, the duration of the thermal growing season was prolonged 15.0–16.0 days. Spatially, the advanced onset of the thermal growing season occurred in the southwestern, eastern, and northeastern parts of northern China, whereas the delayed ending of the thermal growing season appeared in the western part, and the length of the thermal growing season was prolonged significantly in the vast majority of northern China. The trend values of the thermal growing season were affected by altitude. The magnitude of the earlier onset of the thermal growing season decreased, and that of the later ending increased rapidly as the altitude increased, causing the magnitude of the prolonged growing season increased correspondingly. Comparing the applicability of selected indices and considering the impacts of frost on the definitions are important and necessary for determining the timing and length of the thermal growing season in northern China.  相似文献   

13.
Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) emerged in France in the past 15 years. This disease is induced by two closely related species: Dothistroma septosporum and D. pini. Although both species are currently present in France, only D. septosporum was reported in the past. We investigated whether a recent arrival of D. pini in France could be a cause of the DNB emergence. We analyzed herbarium specimens of pine needles with DNB symptoms using polymerase chain reaction techniques to study the past frequency of D. pini in France. We also determined the present distribution within the country of D. septosporum and D. pini and compared it with the spatial pattern of DNB reported in the Département de la Santé des Forêts (DSF; French forest health monitoring agency) database. Although D. pini was detected on herbarium specimens from 1907 and 1965, it was not frequent in France in the past. Today, it is frequent, although not present throughout the country, being absent from the north and the east. There is no relationship between the D. pini distribution in France and the spatial pattern of DNB reported in the DSF database. Thus, the emergence of DNB in France cannot be explained by a recent arrival of D. pini.  相似文献   

14.
  相似文献   

15.
Serological variability of isolates of rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) collected in Côte d'Ivoire was assessed by immunological tests with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Two serotypes (named S1 and S2) were distinguished. The S1 isolates had common epitopes which were absent in S2 isolates, whereas they lacked epitopes shared by S2 isolates. There was no evidence of S1 and S2 mixtures, although S1 and S2 isolates were sometimes found in nearby sites. Serotype S2 was more prevalent in Côte d'Ivoire than S1, and was in a large majority in the centre and the south of the country. By contrast, S1 occurred more widely in the north. S1 isolates were also found in neighbouring countries at the north of Côte d'Ivoire. In tests with monoclonal antibodies, three additional serotypes were found, one in West-Africa and two in East-Africa. Using the primers developed against an S2 isolate from Côte d'Ivoire, all S2 but not the S1 isolates were transcribed and amplified by RT-PCR, and another set of primers was developed to amplify S1 isolates. S1 and S2 have different biological properties, and competition between isolates of the two strains was apparent resulting in S2 dominance over S1. This was assessed using S1 and S2 strain specific MAbs, and it occurred whatever the pattern of inoculation or the rice variety tested. Differences in pathogenicity and virus titre did not account for strain competition, as there was no relation between symptom severity, virus content and serotype of the isolates in Oryza sativa indica cultivars.  相似文献   

16.
Qinghai Lake is the largest saline lake in China.The change in the lake volume is an indicator of the variation in water resources and their response to climate change on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP)in China.The present study quantitatively evaluated the effects of climate change and land use/cover change(LUCC)on the lake volume of the Qinghai Lake in China from 1958 to 2018,which is crucial for water resources management in the Qinghai Lake Basin.To explore the effects of climate change and LUCC on the Qinghai Lake volume,we analyzed the lake level observation data and multi-period land use/land cover(LULC)data by using an improved lake volume estimation method and Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model.Our results showed that the lake level decreased at the rate of 0.08 m/a from 1958 to 2004 and increased at the rate of 0.16 m/a from 2004 to 2018.The lake volume decreased by 105.40×108 m3 from 1958 to 2004,with the rate of 2.24×108 m3/a,whereas it increased by 74.02×108 m3 from 2004 to 2018,with the rate of 4.66×108 m3/a.Further,the climate of the Qinghai Lake Basin changed from warm-dry to warm-humid.From 1958 to 2018,the increase in precipitation and the decrease in evaporation controlled the change of the lake volume,which were the main climatic factors affecting the lake volume change.From 1977 to 2018,the measured water yield showed an"increase-decrease-increase"fluctuation in the Qinghai Lake Basin.The effects of climate change and LUCC on the measured water yield were obviously different.From 1977 to 2018,the contribution rate of LUCC was -0.76% and that of climate change was 100.76%;the corresponding rates were 8.57% and 91.43% from 1977 to 2004,respectively,and -4.25% and 104.25% from 2004 to 2018,respectively.Quantitative analysis of the effects and contribution rates of climate change and LUCC on the Qinghai Lake volume revealed the scientific significance of climate change and LUCC,as well as their individual and combined effects in the Qinghai Lake Basin and on the QTP.This study can contribute to the water resources management and regional sustainable development of the Qinghai Lake Basin.  相似文献   

17.
Tazhong is the hinterland and a sandstorm high-frequency area of the Taklimakan Desert. However, little is known about the detailed time-series of aeolian sand transport in this area. An experiment to study the sand-dust horizontal flux of near-surface was carried out in Tazhong from January to December 2009. By measuring the sand-dust horizontal flux throughout sixteen sand-dust weather processes with a 200-cm tall Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE) sampler tower, we quantitatively analyzed the vertical variation of the sand-dust horizontal flux. And the total sand-dust horizontal flux of different time-series that passed through a section of 100 cm in width and 200 cm in height was estimated combining the data of saltation movement continuously recorded by piezoelectric saltation sensors (Sensit). The results indicated that, in the surface layer ranging from 0-200 cm, the intensity of sand-dust horizontal flux decreased with the increase of the height, and the physical quantities obeyed power function well. The total sand-dust horizontal flux of the sixteen sand-dust weather processes that passed through a section of 100 cm in width and 200 cm in height was about 2,144.9 kg, the maximum of one sand-dust weather event was about 396.3 kg, and the annual total sand-dust horizontal flux was about 3,903.2 kg. The high levels of aeolian sand transport occurred during daytime, especially from 13:00 to 16:00 in the afternoon. We try to develop a new method for estimation of the detailed time-series of aeolian sand transport.  相似文献   

18.
利用西安市1961-2009年的月平均气温与降水资料,对西安市气候特征及动态变化进行分析。结果显示：年平均气温及春、秋、冬季气温呈上升趋势,增温率分别为0.3℃/10 a,0.54℃/10 a,0.23℃/10 a和0.42℃/10 a,春、冬季升温明显。1月平均气温总趋势上升,升温率为0.23℃/10 a,20世纪80年代开始7月升温明显。年降水量有减少倾向,春、秋季降水明显减少,其中春季减少率为-14.8 mm/10 a,而夏季降水明显增加,增长率为21.8 mm/10 a,冬季降水小幅度增加。80年代及2001-2009年汛期年均降水较多。春、夏、秋季气温与降水有较好的相关性,而全年及冬季气温与降水相关规律不明显。  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

Cigar‐end disease of banana, Verticillium theobromae has become apparent in the southern region of Oman, and is prevalent under warm and humid conditions. Benomyl and thiabendazole were found to effectively control V. theobromae in artificially induced cigar‐end disease.  相似文献   

20.
Groundwater overexploitation is a serious problem in the Turpan Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China, causing groundwater level declines and ecological and environmental problems such as the desiccation of karez wells and the shrinkage of lakes. Based on historical groundwater data and field survey data from 1959 to 2021, we comprehensively studied the evolution of groundwater recharge and discharge terms in the Turpan Basin using the groundwater equilibrium method, mathematical stat...  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号