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1.
7个粳稻SSR和SRAP分子标记遗传距离比较及其与产量性状杂种优势的关系 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
本研究选用产量性状有显著差异的7个粳稻品种,按照Griffing双列杂交方法Ⅳ配制21个杂交组合,用SSR和SRAP分子标记分析亲本遗传距离及其与粳稻产量性状杂种优势问的关系,并比较分析两种分子标记在估算遗传距离时的差别.结果表明,每对SSR引物产生1～11条多态性带,平均3.8条,而每对SRAP引物组合产生1～15条多态性带,平均5.2条.SRAP引物所扩增的条带数和多态性何点数分别是SSR引物的3.3倍和1.3倍.两种分子标记对遗传相似系数较小的品种进行聚类分析时可获得一致的结果,但对遗传相似系数较大的品种进行聚类分析时所得结果并不一致;粳稻产量性状杂种优势的表现大小因件状和杂交组合不同而异;F_1杂种产量性状的表现与亲本自身的性状特点和互补关系密切,用SSR和SRAP分子标记遗传距离难以预测粳稻杂种后代的产量表现和杂种优势强弱. 相似文献
2.
Relationship between hybrid performance and genetic diversity based on RAPD markers in wheat, Triticum aestivum L. 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were generated from 20 wheat, Triticum aestivum lines. Fifty-four fragments generated by six primers of a 10-mer arbitrary sequence were used to study their potential power in differentiating parents with different characteristics and predicting the yield performance of hybrids produced from these parents. Experimental results showed that the 20 wheat lines were divided into four groups. Group I was characterized by more grains per spike, group II by heavy grains and group III by more spikes per unit area and short plants; group IV was similar to group III but had a much higher biomass yield and grain yield. Hybrids from parents in different groups were generally superior to most hybrids from parents in the same group. Both yield performance and heterosis of hybrids from parents between group I and group III were much better than those of other intergroup hybrids. These results suggest that, based on RAPD markers, it is possible to differentiate wheat lines with different performances and that the classification of parents from these markers is of predictive value for developing superior hybrids. However, genetic distance (GD) based on RAPD markers was not significantly correlated with hybrid performance and heterosis. It appears to be impossible to predict hybrid performance from GD itself. 相似文献
3.
为了深入认识‘衡观35’重要农艺性状分子机理,通过基因功能标记或与基因紧密连锁的微卫星标记的检测,结合植株的田间表现,分析了国审小麦品种‘衡观35’含有的控制重要农艺性状的关键基因。结果表明,‘衡观35’含有1BL/1RS易位染色体,这与其丰产性和较广泛的生态适应性是一致的。‘衡观35’含2个隐性春化基因（vrn-A1和vrn-B1）和1个显性春化基因(Vrn-D1),表明其主要为冬性品种,抗寒性好,同时又具有春天早发和生长快的特点。‘衡观35’含有对光周期不敏感的Ppd-D1a基因,这与其具有早熟和可在多个生态区广泛种植的特性是一致的。‘衡观35’含Rht1、Rht2、Rht4和Rht8四个矮秆基因的分子标记,这可能其株高较低的重要遗传基础。‘衡观35’含有Pm4和Pm16基因的分子标记,在田间表现出较好的白粉病抗性。‘衡观35’含有YrTp2基因的分子标记,在田间上表现出较好的条锈病抗性。以上信息为深入认识‘衡观35’重要农艺性状分子机理提供了线索,对在未来小麦遗传改良中高效利用该品种的重要基因具有实用价值。 相似文献
4.
黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)产量性状与分子标记的关联分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了获得与小麦产量性状关联的分子标记,筛选相关标记的等位变异,以128份黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)为材料,在4个环境下鉴定产量性状,并选用在小麦全基因组21条染色体上的64个SSR标记、27个EST-SSR标记和47个功能标记检测所有材料的基因型。91个SSR和EST-SSR标记共检测到315个等位变异,单个引物检测到2~7个等位变异,平均3.5个;47个功能标记共检测到107个等位变异,单个引物检测到2~5个等位变异,平均2.3个。关联分析表明,49个位点与4个环境的产量性状及其均值显著关联(P≤0.005),其中38个位点在2个或以上环境或均值下被重复验证,16个位点与2个或以上性状相关联。对相对稳定的等位变异作进一步分析,发掘了一批与产量性状相关的优异等位变异,如降低株高的等位变异Ax2*-null和UMN19*-A362,增加穗长的等位变异barc21-A220,增加可育小穗数的等位变异gpw2111-A156,增加总小穗数的等位变异swes65-A120,增加穗数的等位变异VRN-A1*-A1068,增加穗粒数的等位变异cfd5-A215和增加千粒重的等位变异wmc626-A170。研究结果对利用分子标记辅助选择进行小麦产量性状的遗传改良具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
5.
利用SRAP标记分析我国甜菜三大产区骨干材料的遗传多样性 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
利用SRAP分子标记, 选用甜菜中SRAP的88对引物组合分别对4个经济性状差异较大的代表性品系(高产型、高产低糖抗丛根病型、标准型、中产高糖抗褐斑病型)进行扩增,筛选出有效引物组合33对。采用筛选的33对引物检测全国三大产区的241份甜菜材料及9份外国材料,扩增到719条带,其中多态性条带459条,多态性条带的比率平均为63.8%。利用MEGA3.1软件中的Compute over-all mean计算,组内品种间平均遗传距离为0.4165,平均遗传相似系数为0.6593。遗传相似系数平均值为外国品种(0.7528)>单胚品系(0.6945)>多胚四倍体品系(0.6816)>多胚二倍体品系(0.6612)。利用MEGA3.1软件,在遗传距离0.20处,将供试材料分为4大类群。结果表明,我国三大产区供试材料遗传多样性丰富,其中东北产区优于华北与西北产区。利用POPGEN32软件将供试材料与外国品种分为两类,表明我国材料与外国品种的遗传基础存在较大差异。 相似文献
6.
M. Farooq N. Gogoi S. Barthakur B. Baroowa N. Bharadwaj S. S. Alghamdi K. H. M. Siddique 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2017,203(2):81-102
Water scarcity is a major constraint limiting grain legume production particularly in the arid and semi‐arid tropics. Different climate models have predicted changes in rainfall distribution and frequent drought spells for the future. Although drought impedes the productivity of grain legumes at all growth stages, its occurrence during reproductive and grain development stages (terminal drought) is more critical and usually results in significant loss in grain yield. However, the extent of yield loss depends on the duration and intensity of the stress. A reduction in the rate of net photosynthesis, and poor grain set and grain development are the principal reasons for terminal drought‐induced loss in grain yield. Insight into the impact and resistance mechanism of terminal drought is required for effective crop improvement programmes aiming to improve resistance to terminal drought in grain legumes. In this article, the impact of terminal drought on leaf development and senescence, light harvesting and carbon fixation, and grain development and grain composition is discussed. The mechanisms of resistance, management options, and innovative breeding and functional genomics strategies to improve resistance to terminal drought in grain legumes are also discussed. 相似文献
7.
Tsuneki Tanaka Hiroyuki Tamaki Kazunori Ashikaga Hiroki Fujii Toshihiko Yamada 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(2):144-148
Molecular marker technologies may provide a tool to overcome the forage yield plateau in timothy (Phleum pratense L.). Therefore, a study was designed to investigate the relationship between marker‐based genetic distance (GD) estimates and yield. Genetic distances were estimated using Dice coefficients framed by 28 simple sequence repeat markers. In Experiment 1, parents with high general combining ability (GCA) from two contrasting first‐generation synthetic strains (exhibiting high and low yields) were compared. Average GDs of each strain were 0.74 (high) and 0.68 (low). These differences indicated that GD may be partially the basis for contrasting yields. In Experiment 2, GDs among 40 parents of a polycross were used for calculating general genetic distance (GGD), which is indicative of their allelic complementation. Analyses revealed a significant (P < 0.01) moderate correlation (r) between GGD and GCA for yield (r = 0.45) and a significant (P < 0.01) residual mean square for the regression of yield on GGD, suggesting that considerable non‐additive effects were associated with GCA. The results are indicative of the potential use of GD estimation for yield improvement in timothy. 相似文献
8.
Tariq Mahmood Muhammad H. Rahman Gary R. Stringam Francis Yeh Allen Good 《Euphytica》2005,144(1-2):157-167
A population of 112 F1-derived doubled haploid lines was produced from a reciprocal cross of Brassica juncea. The parents differed for seed quality, seed color and many agronomic traits. A detailed RFLP linkage map of this population,
comprising 316 loci, had been constructed, and was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed yield and yield components,
viz. siliqua length, number of seeds per siliqua, number of siliques per main raceme and 1000-seed weight. Stable and significant
QTLs were identified for all these yield components except seed yield. For yield components, a selection index based on combined
phenotypic and molecular data (QTL effects) could double up the efficiency of selection compared to the expected genetic advance
by phenotypic selection. Selection indices for high seed yield, based on the phenotypic data of yield and yield components,
could only improve the efficiency of selection by 4% of the genetic advance that can be expected from direct phenotypic selection
for yield alone. Inclusion of molecular data together with the phenotypic data of yield components in the selection indices
did not improve the efficiency of selection for higher seed yield. This is probably due to often negative relationships among
the yield components. Most of the QTLs for yield components were compensating each other, probably due to linkage, pleiotropy
or developmentally induced relationships among them. The breeding strategy for B. juncea and challenges to marker assisted selection are discussed. 相似文献
9.
Dominique Crouzillat Bertrand Ménard Antonio Mora Wilbert Phillips Vincent Pétiard 《Euphytica》2000,114(1):13-23
The aim of this study was to determine the genetic components controlling yield in an F1 cacao cross between Catongo and Pound 12 clones. Genetic maps were constructed for the two parents using molecular markers
which detected 158 polymorphic loci covering 772 cM for the heterozygous genotype Pound 12 and only 4 loci representing 16.9
cM of a linkage group which indicated a high level of homozygosity of Catongo. Yield was recorded twice a month during 15
years on 55 individuals from this segregating population. Ten yield QTL were detected on eight linkage groups. Some of these
QTL were frequently detected over 15 years of production, while others were specific for a given year. Total yield genetic
variance, on a yearly basis, ranged from 0 to 56%. Two major QTL (E and I) each explained approximately 20% of the total variance
of the average yield over 15 years. The analysis of potential cacao yield components, such as pod index and trunk diameter,
suggested that some regions of the genome exert effects on more than one trait, providing a possible genetic explanation for
the correlations detected between some of title traits studied. Data showed that correlation between successive annual yield
decreased when the lag between corresponding seasons increased. When separated by more than 10 years, annual yields were no
longer correlated. The utilisation of molecular markers alone or in combination with phenotypic selection showed an advantage
in the early selection of the best cacao producer trees. Further use of molecular markers in breeding programs is discussed
with a view to reducing the generation time of a selection procedure.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Quantitative trait loci mapping and epistatic analysis for grain yield and yield components using molecular markers with an elite maize hybrid 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Summary The aim of this investigation was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with grain yield and yield components in maize and to analyze the role of epistasis in controlling these traits. An F2:3 population from an elite hybrid (Zong3 × 87-1) was used to evaluate grain yield and yield components in two locations (Wuhan and Xiangfan, China) using a randomized complete-block design. The mapping population included 266 F2:3 family lines. A genetic linkage map containing 150 simple sequence repeats and 24 restriction fragment length polymorphism markers was constructed, spanning a total of 2531.6 cM with an average interval of 14.5 cM. A logarithm-of-odds threshold of 2.8 was used as the criterion to confirm the presence of one QTL after 1000 permutations. Twenty-nine QTL were detected for four yield traits, with 11 of them detected simultaneously in both locations. Single QTL contribution to phenotypic variations ranged from 3.7% to 16.8%. Additive, partial dominance, dominance, and overdominance effects were all identified for investigated traits. A greater proportion of overdominance effects was always observed for traits that exhibited higher levels of heterosis. At the P ≤ 0.005 level with 1000 random permutations, 175 and 315 significant digenic interactions were detected in two locations for four yield traits using all possible locus pairs of molecular markers. Twenty-four significant digenic interactions were simultaneously detected for four yield traits at both locations. All three possible digenic interaction types were observed for investigated traits. Each of the interactions accounted for only a small proportion of the phenotypic variation, with an average of 4.0% for single interaction. Most interactions (74.9%) occurred among marker loci, in which significant effects were not detected by single-locus analysis. Some QTL (52.2%) detected by single-locus analysis were involved in epistatic interactions. These results demonstrate that digenic interactions at the two-locus level might play an important role in the genetic basis of maize heterosis. 相似文献
11.
分子标记技术在甜菜育种中的应用 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
分子标记技术与常规育种技术相互紧密结合能显著提高育种效率。为了更好地阐明分子标记在甜菜育种中的作用,总结了国内外分子标记在甜菜亲缘关系及遗传多样性研究、遗传连锁图谱构建、数量性状基因定位（QTL）、分子标记辅助选择育种、杂种优势及种质鉴定中的研究现状和存在的问题。指出建立相应的高效分子标记辅助选育体系,创造出高产、优质、多抗或具广谱抗性的甜菜种质或品种是甜菜分子育种的研究方向。当前甜菜种质资源鉴定的关键任务是大力开发新型的分子标记进行甜菜种质资源遗传分析,绘制指纹图谱、进一步构建甜菜种质分子身份证。今后应加强对甜菜重要农艺性状基因进行精细定位,充分发掘QTL的信息,构建更为饱和的分子标记连锁图谱。 相似文献
12.
甘蓝型油菜产量及其构成因素的QTL定位与分析 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
产量性状是复杂的数量性状, 对种子的单株产量及其构成因素(全株总有效角果数、每角粒数、千粒重)进行QTL定位和上位性分析,确定其在染色体上的位置及其遗传效应,可以探讨油菜杂种优势产生原因,提高育种中对产量性状优良基因型选择的效率,达到提高油菜产量的目的。在双低油菜细胞质雄性不育保持系1141B和双高恢复系垦C1构建的F2作图群体中,运用SRAP、AFLP和SSR三种标记技术构建了一个甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)的分子标记遗传连锁图谱。共包含244个标记,分布于20个主要连锁群、1个三联体上,图谱总长度为2 769.5 cM。采用Windows QTL Cartographer Version 2.0统计软件及复合区间作图法,对油菜单株产量及其3大构成因素进行QTL定位,共检测到QTLs 16个分布在9个连锁群上,其中第6和13连锁群最多,均有3个。单个QTL解释性状表型变异的0.38%～73.34%。对于同一性状,等位基因的增效作用既来自母本,亦源自父本;采用双向方差分析法对位点间互作及其上位性进行分析,检测到26对影响产量构成性状的上位性互作效应QTL,说明油菜基因组中存在大量控制产量的互作位点,油菜产量性状的上位性存在着多效性,上位性互作包括QTL与非QTL位点,其中以非QTL位点较多。一般互作位点的独立效应值较小,而互作的效应值显著增大,且一般超过两位点独立效应值之和。反映了控制产量性状基因的复杂性。上位性是甘蓝型油菜产量性状杂种优势的重要遗传基础。 相似文献
13.
Effects of high oleic acid soybean on seed yield,protein and oil contents,and seed germination revealed by near‐isogeneic lines 
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下载免费PDF全文 Typical soybean oil is composed of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. High oleic acid content in soybean seed is a key compositional trait that improves oxidative stability and increases oil functionality and shelf life. Using a marker‐assisted selection method, near‐isogenic lines (NILs) of G00‐3213 for the high oleic trait were developed and yield tested. These NILs have various combinations of FAD2‐1A and FAD2‐1B alleles that were derived from the same backcrossing populations. The results indicated that G00‐3213 NILs with both homozygous mutant FAD2‐1A and FAD2‐1B alleles produced an average of 788 g/kg oleic acid content. The results also demonstrated that possessing these mutant alleles did not cause a yield reduction. Furthermore, seed germination tests across 12 temperatures (12.8–32.0°C) showed that modified seed composition for oleic acid in general did not have a major impact on seed germination. However, there was a possible reduction in seed germination vigour when high oleic seeds are planted in cold soil. The mutant FAD2‐1A and FAD2‐1B alleles did not hinder either seed or plant development. 相似文献
14.
Samuel C. McDonald Kristin Bilyeu Jenny Koebernick Blair Buckley Benjamin Fallen M. A. Rouf Mian Zenglu Li 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(4):477-488
Soybean accounts for over a quarter of the world's oilseed consumption and over 70% of the world's protein meal consumption. The separate development of high oleic, low linolenic acid (HOLL) soybean and high-protein (HP) soybean means that no soybean cultivar on the market has an optimal fatty acid profile and increased protein. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate high protein, high oleic acid, and low linolenic acid (HP-HOLL) soybean. A five-gene stack was created using a two-phase forward breeding scheme and marker-assisted selection method. Forty-six HP-HOLL lines from three genetic backgrounds were grown in six environments in the Southeast United States. Although genotype-by-environment interaction was significant for seed composition traits, lines met the >75% and <3% cutoffs for oleic acid and linolenic acid, respectively, and met or exceeded the protein concentration of the HP parent. No negative interaction could be detected between the HP and HOLL traits. Additionally, yield testing in four environments indicated yield parity for some lines, suggesting HP and HOLL soybean cultivars with high yield could be selected. 相似文献
15.
小麦D基因组产量性状QTL定位 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
粗山羊草是普通小麦的D染色体组供体,为了寻找粗山羊草中对小麦产量性状遗传改良有益的基因,通过对四倍体硬粒小麦与粗山羊草杂交合成的双二倍体Am6-1和普通小麦品种Ph85-16的回交一代进行产量性状变异特点分析,发现粗山羊草的D组染色体对小麦的产量性状具有显著影响,千粒重、穗长、穗粒数和每穗小穗数明显高于Ph85-16;同时利用130对SSR引物对几个与产量性状相关的QTL位点进行了定位,初步寻找到4个主效QTL,它们分别为与穗长相关的QSl．sdau-5D,其贡献率为31．58％,与株高相关的QPh．sdau-1D,其贡献率为25．38％,与穗粒数相关的QGs．sdau-5D,其贡献率为44.65％,与千粒重相关的QTgw．sdau-3D,其贡献率为61．62％。 相似文献
16.
利用SRAP与SSR标记分析不同类型甜菜的遗传多样性 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：18
为选育优质甜菜新品种, 指导种质资源引进和利用, 为进行分子标记辅助选择育种提供科学依据, 采用SRAP和SSR两种分子标记方法相结合, 对甜菜单胚雄性不育系及保持系等49份材料进行遗传多样性分析。利用4个表型差异显著的甜菜品系对SRAP的64对引物组合及SSR的11对引物组合进行扩增, 分别筛选出有效引物组合11对和9对。SRAP的11对引物组合共产生199条扩增带, 其中有86条多态性带, 多态性带的比率平均为43.7%。SSR的9对引物共产生35条扩增带, 多态性比率为100%。全部材料的平均遗传距离为0.3860, 平均遗传相似系数为0.6795, 大约30%的材料遗传距离或遗传相似系数具显著或极显著差异。遗传相似系数平均值比较, 多胚四倍体品系0.7264＞单胚杂交组合0.7243＞国外品种0.7060＞多胚二倍体品系0.6908＞单胚品系0.6837。在遗传距离0.20处, 将49个甜菜材料划分为A、B、C、D 4个类群, D类群又分为4个亚类, 较好地显示了甜菜材料丰富的遗传多样性。表明不同甜菜品种具有相当高的异质性, 国外与国内材料的遗传基础存在一定差异, 但生产应用的甜菜品种间存在亲缘关系较近、遗传基础较窄的倾向。 相似文献
17.
谷子显性雄性不育基因Msch的AFLP标记 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用雄性不育是实现谷子杂种优势利用最经济、有效的途径之一.为了寻找与不育基因Msch紧密连锁的分子标记,提高不育系的选育效率,本研究构建了Msch不育/可育近等基因系(NILs),通过对400对AFLP引物组合进行筛选,找到了与不育基因紧密连锁的两个AFLP标记(P17/M37224和P35/M52208),与不育基因的遗传距离分别是2.1 cM和1.4 cM,而且位于不育基因的同一侧,标记间相距0.7 cM.这两个AFLP标记可有效用于分子标记辅助选择育种. 相似文献
18.
Sorghum can Compensate for Chilling-Induced Grain Loss 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
A. W. Wood D. K. Y. Tan E. A. Mamun B. G. Sutton 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2006,192(6):445-451
Chilling during male gametophyte development in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) inhibits development of microspores, causing male sterility. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of night chilling on yield components in sorghum. This study identified and employed collar distance as a morphological marker of anther development following chilling. Two cultivars Buster and Bonus, were subjected to three temperature regimes (25/20 °C, 25/12 °C and 25/8 °C) for five consecutive nights at 0 cm collar distance, which corresponds to the meiotic stage of anther development. Pollen viability, grain number and harvest index were reduced in both cultivars at 12 and 8 °C night temperatures. Total grain weight of cultivar Bonus was not reduced as much as Buster at 12 °C because of the ability of Bonus to increase individual grain weight when grain number was low. This work further elucidates the mechanism and genetic potential of chilling‐induced yield compensation for developing sorghum cultivars that are better adapted to low night temperatures. 相似文献
19.
Germplasm improvement is a conceivable solution for increasing food production in developing countries. The objectives of the present study were to incorporate the genetic diversity of two Nicaraguan common bean landraces into a segregating population and to evaluate its potential as breeding material. Adapted landraces PV0006 and PV0023 were selected as parents for single crosses based on molecular and phenotypic characteristics. The results indicate that we succeeded in reshuffling most of the genetic diversity of both parents into a segregating population. The level of allele recombinations suggests that theoretically between 128 and 1024 different pure lines could be obtained. We found putative associations between alleles and yield‐determinant components. Computer simulations demonstrated that the pedigree method and the marker selection of the most segregating individuals in the F1 generation could improve the genetic gains for yield. These findings expose the potential of this segregating population and the feasibility of local landraces for bean improvement. 相似文献
20.
黄淮地区大豆重要亲本间产量的杂种优势、配合力及其遗传基础 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
2003-2005年以选自黄淮地区及美国的8个大豆重要亲本品种(系)及其组配的28个双列杂交组合为材料, 分析大豆亲本间的产量杂种优势及其配合力, 探讨高优势组合的遗传基础, 包括杂种优势与亲本系数、SSR标记遗传距离的相关。结果表明: (1)黄淮地区大豆亲本间存在产量超亲优势, 平均20.39%, 组合间差异甚大, 变幅–5.34%~76.88%, 优选出豫豆22×晋豆27、淮豆4号×晋豆27、诱变30×蒙90-24, 超亲优势分别为76.88%、29.90%和34.42%, 超标率均在25.00%以上, 晋豆27和诱变30为优秀亲本材料。单株荚数及单株粒数的优势和产量优势相对一致;(2) 大豆亲本间产量杂种优势既与双亲一般配合力之和及特殊配合力有关, 又不完全相关。高优势高产组合的亲本产量配合力特点为亲本之一具有较高的一般配合力, 或双亲具有较高的一般配合力之和, 兼有较高的特殊配合力。单株荚数和单株粒数的情况和产量一致;(3) 按亲本系数聚类和按SSR标记遗传相似系数聚类揭示的8个亲本间的遗传关系相对一致, 均分为两组, 一组包含6个黄淮中、南部品种(系), 另一组包含1个山西和1个美国品种。要获得高优势高产组合, 亲本间必须具有一定的遗传距离, 但遗传距离大并不一定都高产高优势, 还有其他因素决定杂种优势。 相似文献